Do we look at a threatening person’s face? The relationship between perception and observation of walking strangers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Satchell ◽  
Jess Hall ◽  
Alex Lee Jones
Keyword(s):  
Person Perception ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Moving Stimuli ◽  
Target Individual ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Full Body ◽  
The Way

Person perception research predominantly focuses on faces as stimuli, and less attention is paid to full body, moving, stimuli and how our perceptions of that person might affect the way we observe unknown people. Here, we present two studies and register a third. In Study One, 27 raters observed 12 videos of female targets walking towards camera for 10 seconds and rated how ‘threatening’, ‘attractive’ and ‘masculine’ the target individual was. In Study Two, 30 raters observed 22 male and female targets in the same format with the same ratings. The observation of the targets in both studies was recorded on an eyetracker and the percentage of each second spent watching the head, trunk, and legs was recorded. In both studies time spent observing the targets’ head decreased over time. In Study One perception ratings affected time spent observing the head and ratings interacted with change in observation over time. In Study Two no effects were found. Given these inconsistent findings and methodological differences between the studies, here we register a Study Three using two samples of 30 participants and Study Two’s methodology to attempt to support either of the previous studies.

scholarly journals Otherness and identity in Tabu from Miguel Gomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 331-350
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Pereira
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Racial Representations ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
Portuguese Society ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Portuguese national identity has been constructed over time, across various media, including the cinema, in contrast to the identity of an African “other”, who is simultaneously close and distant, an heir and a challenger, an object of seduction and repulsion. These dualities are reflected in Miguel Gomes’ Tabu (2012), which reifies and questions various representations. It is a post-colonial film which reflects about the way how stereotypes and social and “racial” representations created during colonialism have repercussions on present-day Portuguese society. The film offers a critical vision of a certain Portuguese elite in Africa and the manner in which this elite experienced the War for Independence, confronting this period in Portuguese history with the present day.The director’s filmic discourse is analysed using a multimodal semiotic approach: an analysis of Tabu, taking into account the processes of categorisation, either in terms of inclusion or exclusion. The texts present a dialogic interpretation of semiotic resources, such as rhythm, composition, informal linking and dialogues. The goal of this multimodal analysis is to understand the representation of the African “other” in the film and how Portuguese identity is constructed in the relationship to this other.

Aligning Adaptation Studies with Translation Studies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Raw
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Ecological Models ◽  
Adaptation Studies ◽  
Cultural Policies ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Creative Workers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The relationship between translation and adaptation has remained problematic despite the appearance of two books on the subject. The difficulty lies in understanding how both terms are culturally constructed and change over space and time. Chapter 28 suggests that there is no absolute distinction between the two; to look at the relationship between translation and adaptation requires us to study cultural policies and the way creative workers respond to them, and to understand how readers over time have reinterpreted the two terms. The essay considers the lessons ecological models of learning in collaborative micro-cultures have to offer adaptation scholars and translation scholars alike.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Tyrone McKinley Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
White Male ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black Women's History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The Introduction presents the book’s main argument that Madam C.J. Walker was not simply a charitable entrepreneur, but rather a great African American and American philanthropist who practiced a distinctive racialized and gendered approach to giving that simultaneously relieved immediately felt needs in her community and thwarted the systemic oppression of the Jim Crow system. The chapter begins by articulating Walker’s embodied philosophy of philanthropy as a “gospel of giving” that started in her twenties when she was a poor, suffering migrant in St. Louis and expanded as she gradually acquired wealth and other resources over time. Her model of giving contrasted greatly with prevailing contemporary approaches by elite white male and female philanthropists who waited until late in their lives to give after accumulating or acquiring wealth. The chapter explores reasons for the absence of Walker and African American donors from major historical fields that have examined philanthropic giving in America. It uses black women’s history to overcome this omission by situating Walker within the larger context of the activism, community work, and fundraising of nineteenth- and twentieth-century black clubwomen, churchwomen, and educators. The chapter constructs generosity as a framework for naming and reclaiming black women as philanthropists. It concludes by noting how Walker, as an example of black women’s giving, challenged core assumptions about the relationship between philanthropy and wealth, women, African Americans, and business. The result is a presentation of black women’s generosity as a long-standing, deeply rooted historical tradition of philanthropy that is alive and well today.

Elton Mayo, muilezels en de ontdekking van de sociale ruimte

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens A. ten Horn
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Elton Mayo ◽  
The Way

Elton Mayo, mules and the discovery of 'social space' Elton Mayo, mules and the discovery of 'social space' L.A. ten Horn, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, March 2009, nr. 1, pp. 41-49 The Human Relations movement has fundamentally altered the way we look at the relationship between work and the individual. This shift is traced using publications by Elton Mayo. Over a period of more than twenty years he reported several times on the same research project done in the spinning department of a textile mill in 1923/1924. Both his description and his interpretation changed dramatically between publications from 1924 to 1945. The changes were caused by and ran parallel to the Hawthorne studies in which he was deeply involved. The comparison of publications illustrates how fundamental and incisive this change in thinking was and how difficult it was to make the mental shift necessary. In addition, it questions the extent to which the development of knowledge over time is the result of strict rationality.

TRACING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING THOUGHT BY ANALYZING CONTENT, COMMUNICATION, AND QUALITY IN ACCOUNTING RESEARCH OVER TIME

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Badua ◽  
Gary John Previts ◽  
Miklos A. Vasarhelyi
Keyword(s):  
Research Quality ◽  
Longitudinal Development ◽  
Citation Behavior ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This paper analyzes the longitudinal development of accounting thought by characterizing the content of accounting research over several decades (1963 to 2003). The paper also investigates the interaction among accounting scholars and examines the relationship of research quality, topical coverage, methodological tools, and citation behavior. Thus, this analysis describes how accounting research has evolved, both in its content and in the way it has been used and perceived by its adherent scholars.

The Longitudinal Association Between Social-Media Use and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents and Young Adults: An Empirical Reply to Twenge et al. (2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Heffer ◽  
Marie Good ◽  
Owen Daly ◽  
Elliott MacDonell ◽  
Teena Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Research by Twenge, Joiner, Rogers, and Martin has indicated that there may be an association between social-media use and depressive symptoms among adolescents. However, because of the cross-sectional nature of this work, the relationship among these variables over time remains unclear. Thus, in this longitudinal study we examined the associations between social-media use and depressive symptoms over time using two samples: 594 adolescents ( Mage = 12.21) who were surveyed annually for 2 years, and 1,132 undergraduate students ( Mage = 19.06) who were surveyed annually for 6 years. Results indicate that among both samples, social-media use did not predict depressive symptoms over time for males or females. However, greater depressive symptoms predicted more frequent social-media use only among adolescent girls. Thus, while it is often assumed that social-media use may lead to depressive symptoms, our results indicate that this assumption may be unwarranted.

scholarly journals Being Mafia Children: An Empirical Transgenerational Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
Serena Giunta ◽  
Giuseppe Mannino ◽  
Cinzia Bizzarri ◽  
Giuliana La Fiura
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Criminal Organization ◽  
Theory Method ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

AbstractOur empirical study aims at understanding and analyzing whether and how the way in which the “sons of Mafia” consider their own family and the society in general has changed over time. The psychological study is based on a sample of 11 subjects all sons of the Mafia men divided according to a generational variable, i.e. these two ranges of age: 17-28 and 39-62. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory method. From the comparison these elements emerged: first of all, the subjects have a distinct perception of these three different areas: - family, and especially the bond with their fathers; - society, represented mainly by the relationship with peers; - Mafia, specifically in relation to the value codes of this criminal organization. The analysis of these areas has allowed us to give a cross-reading of the Mafia phenomenon outlining the differences in the way in which the present generations and the past ones live and perceive it.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jan-Melissa Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
Critical Scrutiny ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

Sacred theatrical performance has always attracted the strong scrutiny of the state. Consequently, one focus of this study is the relationship between sacred aesthetics and the law: what practices are considered in need of legal protection (or proscription), and how does that agenda change over time? But another is the way in which tradition (in this case, the long history of sacred drama in England) is constantly contested and revised, involving a profound interrogation of the extent to which the inheritances of the past shape the present or indeed the present predetermines our reading of the past. The Introduction alerts the reader to both these dynamics—the persistence of certain forms in the face of state censorship, and the ways in which that very narrative of continuity must be subject to critical scrutiny.

Body and Mind in Euskara: Contrasting 'dialogic' and 'monologic' subjectivities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn M Frank
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Cognitive Frames ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

It is well recognized that the Basque language represents the most archaic linguistic stratum of Western Europe. As such it provides a fertile ground for investigating the way that indigenous cognitive frames of perception, abundantly manifest in lexical and morpho-syntactic structures of Euskara, have been modified over time by contact with Western frames of understanding and cultural conceptualizations. During the past hundred years large numbers of Basque speakers have ceased being monolingual and become bilingual speakers in Spanish or French and the resulting contacts between the two cognitive frames of reference have resulted in mixed usages, speakers who alternate between the indigenous model and the contact model. This alternation is especially prevalent in terms of the way that physical sensations are perceived and portrayed, that is, the way that the relationship between 'body' and 'mind' is represented linguistically. The indigenous frames are congruent with a conceptualization of self and selfhood defined as 'dialogic subjectivity' whereas the contact frames are represented by a kind of 'monologic subjectivity'. These contrasting frames are discussed and analyzed using concrete linguistic examples drawn from contemporary usage as well as historically attested sources.

scholarly journals Ageing across Space and Time: Exploring Concepts of Ageing and Identity in the Female Ensemble Dramas Tenko and Call the Midwife

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ros Jennings
Keyword(s):  
British Politics ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
Women's Identity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

This article focuses on two female ensemble dramas Tenko (BBC/Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1981–5) and Call the Midwife (BBC, 2012–) and uses an ageing studies lens to explore the way that the ensemble format provides a particularly rich insight into the relationship between women, ageing and understandings of women's identity over time. The two dramas provide complex and evocative links between the spaces and times of British politics, culture and society in different historical periods enabling a highly nuanced engagement with the ideological constructions of concepts of age and women's gendered identities.

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