Discovering the psychological building blocks underlying climate action - a longitudinal study of real-world activism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Castiglione ◽  
Cameron Brick ◽  
Stefanie Holden ◽  
Debra Lindsay ◽  
Adam Robert Aron
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Climate Crisis

We are in a climate emergency, but governments are reacting too slowly. Grassroots collective action is needed to create political pressure. Those attempts would be much aided by understanding the psychological factors that dispose people to engaging in collective climate action. However, the extant research has several limitations. These include scant causal evidence of which factors trigger action, a lack of focus on the climate crisis itself, a way of measuring action that mostly uses self-report or intentions rather than objectively measured participation, and, finally, the use of mostly cross-sectional studies (rather than longitudinal). Here we undertake a longitudinal study on the effectiveness of an intensive 12-week video intervention designed to increase collective action on the climate crisis using a pre-post within-subjects design. Before and after the intervention, we will measure the psychological predictors identified in previous work, such as collective efficacy. Using a regression model, we strengthen the links between changes in these predictors and changes in both objective and self-reported activist behavior. [Key results and interpretation will go here].

A Longitudinal Study of Objectively Measured Built Environment as Determinant of Physical Activity in Young Adults: The European Youth Heart Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper Schipperijn ◽  
Mathias Ried-Larsen ◽  
Merete S. Nielsen ◽  
Anneli F. Holdt ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
European Youth

Background:This longitudinal study aimed to examine if a Movability Index (MI), based on objectively measured built environment characteristics, was a determinant for objectively measured physical activity (PA) among young adults.Methods:Data collected from 177 persons participating in the Danish part of the European Youth Hearth Study (EYHS) was used to examine the effect of the built environment on PA. A MI was developed using objectively measured built environment characteristics, and included residential density, recreational facilities, daily destinations and street connectivity.Results:Results showed a positive cross-sectional association between MI and PA. PA decreased from baseline to follow-up. MI increased, primarily due to participants relocating to larger cities. An increase in MI from baseline to follow-up was associated with a reduced decrease in PA for females.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that the built environment is a determinant for PA, especially for females. The found gender differences might suggest the need to develop gender specific environmental indices in future studies. The validity of the measures can be further improved by creating domain specific PA measures as well as domain specific environmental indices and this can potentially reveal more specific built environment determinants for PA.

scholarly journals Doctors' experience of a bespoke physician consultation service: cross-sectional investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Meerten ◽  
Julia Bland ◽  
Samantha R. Gross ◽  
Antony I. Garelick
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialist Services ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consultation Model ◽  
Evaluation Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Case Note Review

Aims and methodOur aim was to follow-up on a cohort of self-referred doctors who attended MedNet. We used a two-point cross-sectional design. Measures included three standardised self-report questionnaires administered before and after consultation. Doctors were also asked to complete a service user questionnaire, and data regarding engagement and onward referrals were gathered through case-note review.ResultsA statistically significant improvement in scores on all three questionnaires was found after intervention; however, scores on one subscale, the risk domain of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure, did not change significantly. Of the doctors at no risk of suicide at intake, nearly two-thirds (n = 41/70, 59%) were sufficiently helped by the consultations provided to not need further treatment. Of the doctors at some risk of suicide at intake, two-thirds (n = 34/51, 67%) did need an onward referral. Only one doctor required hospital admission, an outcome that suggests the approach used is containing and clinically responsive.Clinical implicationsThis paper highlights the efficacy, need and importance of specialist services for doctors in difficulty. We found that the bespoke consultation model provided at MedNet is valued highly by the doctors as service users.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study of Travel by Walking Before and After School Among Eighth-Grade Girls

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brit I. Saksvig ◽  
Larry S. Webber ◽  
John P. Elder ◽  
Dianne Ward ◽  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
After School ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After

Does the Time-of-Day of Exercise Influence the Total Volume of Exercise? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Objectively Monitored Physical Activity Among Active Individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paige G. Brooker ◽  
Mary E. Jung ◽  
Dominic Kelly-Bowers ◽  
Veronica Morlotti ◽  
Sjaan R. Gomersall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Temporal Consistency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Improve Compliance

Background: To improve compliance and adherence to exercise, the concept of temporal consistency has been proposed. Before- and after-work are periods when most working adults may reasonably incorporate exercise into their schedule. However, it is unknown if there is an association between the time-of-day that exercise is performed and overall physical activity levels. Methods: Activity was assessed over 1 week in a sample of 69 active adults (n = 41 females; mean age = 34.9 [12.3] y). At the end of the study, participants completed an interviewer-assisted questionnaire detailing their motivation to exercise and their exercise time-of-day preferences. Results: Participants were classified as “temporally consistent” (n = 37) or “temporally inconsistent” (n = 32) exercisers based on their accelerometry data. The “temporally consistent” group was further analyzed to compare exercise volume between “morning-exercisers” (n = 16) and “evening-exercisers” (n = 21). “Morning-exercisers” performed a greater volume of exercise than “evening-exercisers” (419 [178] vs 330 [233] min by self-report; 368 [224] vs 325 [156] min actigraph-derived moderate to vigorous physical activity, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that active individuals use a mixture of temporal patterns to meet PA guidelines. Time-of-day of exercise should be reported in intervention studies so the relationship between exercise time-of-day, exercise behavior, and associated outcomes can be better understood.

scholarly journals Arousal Predisposition as a Vulnerability Indicator for Psychosis: A General Population Online Stress Induction Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Clamor ◽  
A. Malika Warmuth ◽  
Tania M. Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vulnerability Indicator

Explanatory models ascribe to arousability a central role for the development of psychotic symptoms. Thus, a disposition to hyperarousal (i.e., increased arousal predisposition (AP)) may serve as an underlying vulnerability indicator for psychosis by interacting with stressors to cause symptoms. In this case, AP, stress-response, and psychotic symptoms should be linked before the development of a diagnosable psychotic disorder. We conducted a cross-sectional online study in a population sample (N=104;Mage=27.7years,SD=11.2, range 18–70). Participants rated their AP and subclinical psychotic symptoms. Participants reported their stress-levels before and after two stress inductions including an arithmetic and a social stressor. The participants with an increased AP generally felt more stressed. However, AP was not associated with the specific stress-response. As expected, positive psychotic symptoms were significantly associated with AP, but this was not mediated by general stress-levels. Its association to subtle, nonclinical psychotic symptoms supports our assumption that AP could be a vulnerability indicator for psychosis. The trait is easily accessible via a short self-report and could facilitate the identification of people at risk and be a promising target for early stress-management. Further research is needed to clarify its predictive value for stress-responses.

scholarly journals Natural campylobacter colonization in chickens raised under different environmental conditions

1986 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-B. Lindblom ◽  
E. Sjögren ◽  
B. Kaijser
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Protective Environment ◽  
Age Range

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study of 447 laying hens (age range 0–65 weeks) and a longitudinal study of 164 similar birds showed thatCampylobacter jejuniwas not present in the faeces of newly hatched chicks, but that colonization arose after 5–9 weeks. A survey of 250 broilers obtained from four breeders showed that all were negative forC. jejunibefore and after slaughter at the age of 5 weeks. OnceC. jejunihad appeared in a flock, it rapidly spread to virtually all birds, but at the age of 42 weeks only 20–46% of birds remained colonized, possibly as a result of having developed immunity. Birds housed in the protective environment of a laboratory still became colonized (after 9 weeks). The mode of infection is unknown, but water and food were bacteriologically negative and were deemed to be unlikely sources. Transmission via attendants, flies or other insects remain possibilities. It is concluded that prevention of colonization might be possible within the life-span of broiler chickens (5–7 weeks), but that it would be difficult to extend this period. There is a need to define how colonization arises so that the feasibility and cost of possible preventive measures can be assessed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of how well different pure-tone threshold and visual acuity measures reflect self-reported sensory ability and treatment uptake: An analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Mick ◽  
Anni Hämäläinen ◽  
M Kathleen Pichora-Fuller ◽  
Natalie Phillips ◽  
Walter Wittich
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Sectional Analysis

In epidemiology studies, researchers may choose to use summary scores of hearing or visionbased on self-report or clinical measures. Self-report and clinical measures may yield differentclassifications. Of the possible clinical measures, there is no consensus regarding which puretonethreshold average (PTA) or visual acuity (VA) measures are optimal. We aimed todetermine how well different PTAs and VA measures predicted self-reported measures ofsensory function. A cross-sectional analysis of 30,097 Canadians aged 45-85 years participatingin wave 1 of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging in 2012-2015 was performed. Wecalculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) for 9 different PTAsand 6 different VA measures. In the analysis of the PTAs, the classifiers used as comparatorsincluded self-reports of hearing and hearing aid use. In the analysis of the VA measures,comparators were self-reports of vision, and corrective lens use. The top-ranked PTA was thebinaural mid-frequency PTA (i.e., the average of hearing thresholds at 1000, 2000, 3000 and4000 Hz in both ears). The top-ranked VA measure was the average pinhole-corrected VA inboth eyes. These measures are not commonly used, but should be considered for epidemiologicalresearch.

scholarly journals Helping Women Cope with Life Behind Bars

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Khamsiah Ismail ◽  
Nor Faridah Abd. Manaf ◽  
Farizah Jaafar ◽  
Che Noraini Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Before And After

Implementation of group therapy in Malaysian prison through Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) approach is deemed important to improve the psychological well-being of the inmates. Numerous studies had been conducted but most of them provide statistical data based on cross-sectional studies but findings on effect of psychological treatment is still very scarce. This preliminary study aimed to examine the impacts of group therapy on psychological well-being of women prisoners, particularly in Malaysia. Sixteen women inmates from Women Prison in Selangor, Malaysia were chosen and assigned by the prison authority to receive eight group therapy sessions. The respondents in this study were of different race/ethnic groups, different faiths, socio-economical and criminal backgrounds, aged between 27 to 56 years old. Self-report measures DASS21 was utilized to examine their psychological well-being before and after eight sessions of group therapy in a duration of four months. This study employed a pre- and post-test design study without a control group. Statistical analyses used were descriptive statistics and paired-samples t-test. The results of this study revealed that there were significant differences in psychological variables as indicated by significant decrease level of depression and stress. Although not significant, their level of anxiety has also reduced. The findings of this study the self-belief and psychological well-being of the inmates. The findings could be used to add knowledge and to better understand the inmates and the rehabilitation methods that work for them. It also give some insights if group therapy can be considered as one of the programs that can support the rehabilitation process of the inmates

scholarly journals Physical Activity Throughout Adolescence and Hba1c in Early Adulthood: Birth Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
Priscila M. Nakamura ◽  
Grégore I. Mielke ◽  
Bernardo L. Horta ◽  
Maria Cecília Assunção ◽  
Helen Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Hba1c Concentration

Background:Physical inactivity is responsible for 7% of diabetes deaths worldwide, but little is known whether low levels of physical activity (PA) during adolescence increase the risk of diabetes in early adulthood. We evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between PA throughout adolescence and HbA1c concentration in early adulthood.Methods:HbA1c was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. PA was assessed by self-report at the ages of 11, 15, and 18 years and by accelerometry at the ages of 13 (subsample) and 18 years. The loss percentages of follow up were 12.5% at 11 years, 14.4% at 15 years, and 18.7% at 18 years.Results:At 18 years, boys showed higher HbA1c than girls. At age 18 years, accelerometrybased PA at 18 years was inversely related to HbA1c levels in boys. Self-reported leisure-time PA at ages 11, 15, and 18 were unrelated to HbA1c in both genders. PA at 13 years of age was unrelated to HbA1c among both genders. In trajectory analysis, PA and accelerometer PA trajectories were not associated with later HbA1c.Conclusions:Objectively measured PA at 18 years was cross-sectionally inversely associated with HbA1c in boys only. No prospective associations were identified.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 in Patients with Graves’ Disease before and after Antithyroid Therapy: Its Important Role in Serum Phosphate Regulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 4211-4215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Yamashita ◽  
Yuji Yamazaki ◽  
Hisashi Hasegawa ◽  
Takeyoshi Yamashita ◽  
Seiji Fukumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Serum Phosphate ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Phosphate Homeostasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fgf 23

Abstract Objective: Hyperthyroidism is a well-described cause of hyperphosphatemia. We aimed to clarify the physiological role of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 in serum phosphate homeostasis in patients with Graves’ disease during the course of treatment for hyperthyroidism. Context: The study group comprised 56 patients (45 for a cross-sectional study and 11 for a longitudinal study) with Graves’ disease. For the cross-sectional study, patients were assigned, on the basis of their serum phosphate level, to a hypophosphatemia group (n = 14), a normophosphatemia group (n = 16), or a hyperphosphatemia group (n = 15). Serum FGF-23, calcium, phosphate, PTH, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] levels were compared between the three groups. For the longitudinal study, we assessed changes in these biochemical indices before and after antithyroid treatment. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the serum FGF-23 level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the hyperphosphatemia group than in the other groups (61 ± 36 ng/liter vs. 31 ± 22 ng/liter and 30 ± 9 ng/liter). In the longitudinal study, serum levels of FGF-23 decreased significantly (P < 0.05) from a high of 54 ± 12 ng/liter before treatment to 29 ± 14 ng/liter after treatment. In contrast, the serum 1,25(OH)2D level increased significantly (P < 0.005) from 55 ± 22 pmol/liter before treatment to 185 ± 76 pmol/liter 3 months after treatment. Serum FGF-23 levels were positively correlated with serum phosphate levels (P < 0.0001) and negatively correlated with serum 1,25(OH)2D levels (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The significant positive correlation between serum levels of phosphate and FGF-23 indicates that FGF-23 may play an important role in serum phosphate homeostasis by its up-regulation in the hyperphosphatemic condition.

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