Results of variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E. M. Chebotok

Long-term results of the variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals are presented. The purpose of the work was to study the collection fund of black currant on economically useful features. The peculiarities of weather conditions during the research period 2012-2018 are described, and phenological observations are presented. Based on the results of four years of study, varieties with high productivity, large-fruited, with high taste qualities of berries, resistant to Septoria and Bud mite were revealed. Varieties with economically useful features were identified: Spas for high productivity and large-fruiting, very late maturation; Voevoda, Kazkova, Kozatska, Podarok Ilinoy, Sofievska, Udalec, Shaman — for high and stable yield, high commodity qualities of berries; Bariton, Ben Alder, Udalets, Shaman - for resistance to Bud mite.

2020 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Elena Chebotok

Abstract. Purpose. The research is aimed at studying the influence of weather conditions on the timing of the phenological phases of black currant in the Middle Urals. Methods. The study is based on methods of phenological observations in accordance with generally accepted methods. Results and practical significance. It was found that black currant adapts well to unstable weather conditions in recent years in the Middle Urals, during the research period, budding was observed in the period from April 12 to May 4; the dates of the beginning of flowering were marked from May 10 to May 28; maturation dates are marked from July 16 to August 10. The shift in the dates of onset of the main phases of vegetation from the average long-term can reach 14 days. Industrial plantings should consist of varieties of different flowering and maturation periods, to avoid the spring frosts of the main part of the plantation, as well as to form a conveyor for the arrival of fresh berries. The experiment identified five early-flowering cultivars in the Middle Urals: Zabava, Fortuna, 1-3-010-13, 3-2-010-13, 6-44-00-03; four late-flowering: Gerkules, Slavyanka, 5-1-010-13, 8-2-010-13; the remaining 28 cultivars are of the average flowering period. Five varieties of early maturation are identified: Zabava, 2-1-010-13, 2-4-010-13, 3-1-010-13, 5-1-010-15; four late maturation: Zaglyaden’e, Kipiana, Chudnoe mgnovenie, Slavyanka; the remaining 28 varieties are of average maturation. Not all early-flowering cultivars are early-maturing, and not all late-flowering cultivars are late-maturing. The scientific novelty consists in the study of phenological rhythms of black currant varieties of various genetic origin in unstable weather conditions of recent years in the Middle Urals.


Author(s):  
G.A. Kostenko ◽  
P.V. Raevskii

Цель исследований: испытать коммерческие и перспективные гибриды капусты в условиях Горномарийского района Республики Марий Эл и выбрать лучшие из них для выращивания в этой зоне. Гибриды капусты белокочанной Агрохолдинга Поиск проходили испытание на базе КФХ Раевская С.И. в 20182019 годах. В качестве изучаемого материала взяты гибриды среднепозднего срока созревания F1 Универс и F1 Поиск 2018, а также поздние гибриды для хранения F1 Герцогиня и F1 Континент. Почва опытного участка дерново-подзолистая, по механическому составу тяжелосуглинистая, содержание гумуса 1,9, рН 5,1. Погодные условия в годы проведения исследований были не совсем благоприятными для выращивания капусты белокочанной, отмечалась жаркая засушливая погода и недостаток осадков, как при высадке растений, так и в отдельные периоды во время вегетации. Несмотря на это, гибриды имели высокую урожайность, товарность и хорошее качество кочанов. Наибольшей урожайностью из коммерческих гибридов обладал среднепоздний гибрид капусты белокочанной F1 Универс (117,3131,2 т/га), занявший устойчивые позиции на рынке среднепоздней капусты, он успешно конкурирует с лучшими зарубежными аналогами и обеспечивает поступление продукции осенью и в первой половине зимы. Гибрид F1 Герцогиня дал стабильную урожайность кочанов в годы исследований на уровне 108,1108,5 т/га. Гибрид имеет отличную однородность растений, высокую стандартность кочанов с отличной внутренней структурой и предназначен для длительного хранения до 8 месяцев. Новые гибриды F1 Поиск 2018 и F1 Континент показали высокую урожайность на уровне 92,8138 т/га и также рекомендованы для выращивания в Марий Эл, причем F1 Поиск 2018 имеет максимальные показатели урожайности в годы исследования среди изученных гибридов.The purpose of the research is to test commercial and promising cabbage hybrids in the conditions of the Gornomariysky district of the Mari El Republic and select the best ones for growing in this zone. Hybrids of white cabbage of Poisk agricultural Holding were tested on the basis of Raevskaya S.I. farm in 20182019. Hybrids F1 Univers and F1 Poisk 2018, the mid-late maturity and late hybrids for storing F1 Gertsoginya and F1 Continent, were taken as the studied material. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic, with a heavy loam texture, humus content of 1.9, pH 5.1. Weather conditions during the years of research were not entirely favorable for the cultivation of white cabbage, the weather was hot arid and lack of rainfall, both during planting and in certain periods during the growing season. Despite this, hybrids had high productivity, marketability and good quality of heads of cabbage. The medium-late hybrid of cabbage F1 Univers has the highest yield of commercial hybrids of 117.3131.2 t/ha, holds a stable position in the market of medium-late cabbage, successfully competes with the best foreign counterparts and ensures the receipt of products in the fall and in the first half of winter. Hybrid F1 Gertsoginya gave a stable yield of heads of cabbage during the years of research at the level of 108.1108.5 t/ha. The hybrid has excellent plant uniformity, high standard of heads of cabbage, with an excellent internal structure and is designed for long-term storage of up to 8 months. New hybrids F1 Poisk 2018 and F1 Continent had high yields of 92.8138 t/ha and are also recommended for cultivation in this region, and F1 Poisk 2018 has the highest yields during the years of research among the studied hybrids.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
A.E. Panfilov ◽  
P.Yu. Ovchinnikov ◽  
E.L. Tikhanskaya

The results of the analysis of long-term trends in changes in individual climatic characteristics and variations in weather conditions of the growing season in the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals for the period from 1958 to 2020 are presented, their influence on the choice of hybrids and some elements of corn cultivation technology are estimated. As a result of calculating the linear trend, a statistically proven trend has been established to increase the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C for May – September. At the same time, random fluctuations of the analyzed parameters over the years have a direct impact on corn development and productivity, and the limiting factor is the lower limit of these fluctuations, the values of which increase throughout the analyzed period. Nevertheless, the variation over the years remains strong, and the lower limit of these fluctuations does not reach the minimum level for the stable maturation of early-maturing corn hybrids. Therefore, for the conditions of the Middle Urals, the previous recommendations concerning the selection of corn hybrids for early maturity, cold resistance and drought resistance remain relevant. At the same time, the revealed climatic trend allows to predict an increase in the probability of obtaining feed with a high content of exchange energy, which characterizes it as positive one.


2020 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
S. V. Koroleva ◽  
N. B. Shulyak

Relevance. The most complex and common physiological disease on the cabbage is a tip burn, associated with impaired Ca2 + transport inside the plant. Of all the ways to control this physiological disease, the most effective is the cultivation of tolerant hybrids. Material and methods.The aim of the research was to evaluate the mid-late and late ripening F1 hybrids of white cabbage for a tip burn and to determine the degree of hybrids responsiveness to calcium deficiency depending on weather conditions. The studies were carried out at breeding and experimental plot of the vegetable growing department at All-Russian Rice Research Institute in 2017-2019 on drip irrigation. Material - hybrid combinations of ARRRI breeding.Results. The manifestation of a physiological disturbance called “burn of the top of the inner leaves of the cabbage head” or “tip burn” on individual hybrids was observed during all years of cultivation, but to a different degree; The greatest damage to the heads was recorded in the years (2017 and 2019) with high productivity, which is due to the intensive assimilation ability against the background of warm sunny weather. In 2019, the manifestation of burns was noted in 25% of hybrids, which allowed them to be divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of damage and the spread of the disease.It was established that hybrids with overmature standing for 2.5-3 weeks and also hybrids that were promptly removed at the time of mass technical ripeness had a high degree of damage. The lines that are most often found in hybrid combinations with signs of burns (269-824, Agr1321, 269Jas13, Byum112, Yas25, etc.) were identified, but it is rather difficult to assume the nature of inheritance, and, therefore, to develop the principle of pair selection when developing relatively stable hybrids also not yet possible.


Author(s):  
В.А. Волошин

В данной статье представлены результаты сравнительной оценки 11 сортов клевера лугового и одного образца-дикороса, проведённой в Пермском НИИ сельского хозяйства в 2018–2019 годах. Все селекционные сорта сформировали полноценные первый и второй укосы или отаву в оба года использования. Дикорастущая форма формировала только один укос, демонстрируя особенность позднеспелого одноукосного типа. Сорта Кретуновский и Ранний 2 показали себя как типичные раннеспелые двухукосные. Другие сорта занимали промежуточное положение. Наибольший сбор сухого вещества обеспечивал образец-дикорос в оба года при крайне различных погодных условиях (1,266 и 1,259 кг/м2 соответственно). Дикорастущая форма и сорт Ранний 2 обеспечивали стабильные урожаи зелёной массы и сухого вещества независимо от возраста и погодных условий. Образец дикорастущего клевера имел более однородный фенотип по сравнению с сортом Пермский местный — стандартом для позднеспелого типа, что указывает на большую генетическую однородность. Согласно всесторонней оценке, включающей степень перезимовки, урожайность зелёной и сухой массы, характер цветения, созревания, формирования и конечный урожай семян, образец-дикорос имеет отличительные признаки позднеспелого (одноукосного) типа и может использоваться в качестве исходного генетического материала для дальнейшей селекции позднеспелых одноукосных сортов клевера лугового, характеризующихся экономически ценными свойствами: высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям окружающей среды, высокой и стабильной урожайностью зелёной массы и семян. Исследования будут продолжены с оценкой ряда образцов дикорастущих форм клевера лугового, обнаруженных в 2019 году в природных биоценозах Пермского края. This article deals with the competitive trial of 11 varieties and 1 wild genotype of red clover conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2019. All the varieties provided good yields of green mass both in the first and second cuts. Wild genotype provided only one cut as long-season one-cut type. “Kretunovskiy” and “Ranniy 2” performed as typical short-season two-cut varieties. Wild genotype produced the highest yield of dry matter (DM) under contrast weather conditions (1.266 and 1.259 kg/m2, respectively). Wild genotype and “Ranniy 2” formed stable yields of green mass and DM regardless of time period and weather. Wild genotype showed homogeneous phenotype compared to “Permskiy mestnyy” — long-season standard variety indicating high genetic uniformity. Such traits as winter hardiness, green and dry mass yields, flowering pattern, seed maturation, formation and production were evaluated. According to this evaluation wild genotype performed as long-season (one-cut) type showing high resistance to unfavorable conditions, high and stable yield of green mass and seeds. Therefore, it can be used a source of economically important traits for future breeding programs of red clover. Further investigations will focus on the evaluation of wild genotypes of red clover found in the Perm region in 2019.


2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
I.V. Gorbunov ◽  

It is commonly known that the share of seedless grape varieties in the total production in the country is very small. Of 106 table varieties included in the register, only 4 varieties are of kishmish direction (Kishmish radiant, Korinka Russian, Yuzhnoberezhny, Yalta seedless). These varieties are in great demand, since their berries are used both fresh and dried. This article presents results of long-term research on isolation of genetic seedlessness donors among grape varieties of Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking, such as Lotos, Zhemchug of Anapa and Kishmish pink AZOS. These studies were carried out with a simultaneous complex study of economically valuable traits and annually changing weather conditions. In addition, the assessment of these varieties was carried out according to seedlessness sign intensity in the conditions of the Anapo-Taman viticulture zone. The greatest mass of rudiments of all analyzed samples was found in Kishmish pink AZOS variety, therefore, it was assigned to the third category of seedlessness, although the mass ratio of rudiments to the mass of the berry is negligible. The rest of the studied seedless grape varieties in comparison with the control variety (Radiant Kishmish) have a higher seedless class. It particularly concerns varieties such varieties as Zhemchug of Anapa and Lotus, belonging to the first and second classes of seedlessness, respectively. Along with this, a long-term work was carried out to study the yield of these varieties and their productivity (coefficients of fruiting and fertility), the phenology of plant development depending on weather conditions. In particular, it was found that high productivity parameters are observed in all the studied varieties every year; Lotus and Zhemchug of Anapa have also high yield every year. The conducted work has shown prospects for using grape varieties of Anapa Experimental Station as future seedlessness donors.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Victorovich Bezgodov ◽  
◽  
Anastasia Dmitrievna Yalunina ◽  

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
E. R. Abdurashytova ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk

In steppe plants regularly lack of moisture and it affects the biochemical functions of their development. The aim of this research was to study the enzymatic activity of the Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench rhizosphere grown by no-till technology under the influence of introduced microorganisms under conditions of moisture deficit. The growing season of Sorghum bicolor during the research period (2018–2020) was characterized by high temperature and arid conditions. The lack of precipitation reached 68.5 % in comparison with the average long-term indicators. It was revealed that the influence of the weather conditions of the year and the complex of microbial preparations (CMP) on the changes in the enzymatic activity of the S. bicolor rhizosphere was at the level of p≤0.05. IIBS (integral indicator of biological state) was calculated based on the level of activity of various enzymes in the soil. The value of IIBS with CMP is close to 80 %. It shows that no-till farming using CMP contributes to physiological stability of the rhizosphere. At the same time, the IBPS annually decreased by 61.1–92.8 % in the control variant without pre-sowing treatment of seeds with CMP, which indicates a slowdown of biological processes. The results of the studies proved that the adaptation of sorghum plants to the effects of abiotic environmental conditions is carried out by regulating the enzymatic activity of the rhizosphere by introducing microorganisms. Consequently, the use of microbial preparations is advisable for the cultivation of S. bicolor by no-till technology in steppe zone of Crimea.


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