scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF THE RHIZOSPHERE SORGHUM BICOLOR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS USING NO-TILL TECHNOLOGY IN THE CRIMEAN STEPPE

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
E. R. Abdurashytova ◽  
T. N. Melnichuk
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Steppe Plants ◽  
Research Period

In steppe plants regularly lack of moisture and it affects the biochemical functions of their development. The aim of this research was to study the enzymatic activity of the Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench rhizosphere grown by no-till technology under the influence of introduced microorganisms under conditions of moisture deficit. The growing season of Sorghum bicolor during the research period (2018–2020) was characterized by high temperature and arid conditions. The lack of precipitation reached 68.5 % in comparison with the average long-term indicators. It was revealed that the influence of the weather conditions of the year and the complex of microbial preparations (CMP) on the changes in the enzymatic activity of the S. bicolor rhizosphere was at the level of p≤0.05. IIBS (integral indicator of biological state) was calculated based on the level of activity of various enzymes in the soil. The value of IIBS with CMP is close to 80 %. It shows that no-till farming using CMP contributes to physiological stability of the rhizosphere. At the same time, the IBPS annually decreased by 61.1–92.8 % in the control variant without pre-sowing treatment of seeds with CMP, which indicates a slowdown of biological processes. The results of the studies proved that the adaptation of sorghum plants to the effects of abiotic environmental conditions is carried out by regulating the enzymatic activity of the rhizosphere by introducing microorganisms. Consequently, the use of microbial preparations is advisable for the cultivation of S. bicolor by no-till technology in steppe zone of Crimea.

Results of variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
E. M. Chebotok
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
The Middle Urals ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
Research Period

Long-term results of the variety study of black currant collection in the Middle Urals are presented. The purpose of the work was to study the collection fund of black currant on economically useful features. The peculiarities of weather conditions during the research period 2012-2018 are described, and phenological observations are presented. Based on the results of four years of study, varieties with high productivity, large-fruited, with high taste qualities of berries, resistant to Septoria and Bud mite were revealed. Varieties with economically useful features were identified: Spas for high productivity and large-fruiting, very late maturation; Voevoda, Kazkova, Kozatska, Podarok Ilinoy, Sofievska, Udalec, Shaman — for high and stable yield, high commodity qualities of berries; Bariton, Ben Alder, Udalets, Shaman - for resistance to Bud mite.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Nicandra physaloides (variety Nakhodka) under the conditions of the steppe zone of the Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov ◽  
Nataliya Viktorovna Nikolaychenko ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizkov ◽  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytcev ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Norovyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Maximum Field ◽  
Vegetation Phase

The results of long-term studies of botanical, biological and agrotechnical features of the new introduced fodder culture Nicandra physaloides are presented. The maximum field germination (76.5%) was after sowing with a row spacing of 30 cm and a seeding rate of 0.15 million pcs / ha. The assimilation apparatus of Nikandra is formed in close dependence on weather conditions, the vegetation phase, and growing techniques. The maximum rates of leaf surface formation were in the budding – flowering phase. With an increase in planting density, the leaf surface increases and reaches the highest rates (45.50 thousand m2 / ha) with a seeding rate of 0.25 million pcs / ha in sowing with a row spacing of 45 cm, which is 1.4 times lower than with a minimum seeding rate (0.15 million pcs / ha) and the same sowing method. The accumulation of green and dry biomass took place analogously to the formation of the leaf surface. On average, over the years of research, maximum results on the yield of green mass (40.3 t / ha), the number of feed units (7.52 t / ha), digestible protein (1.06 t / ha), the content of digestible protein in 1 fodder unit (140.8 g) was after a wide-row sowing method (45.0 cm) and a seeding rate of 0.2 million pcs / ha. It is shown that a decrease and an increase in the seeding rate leads to a decrease in the biomass yield of the Nikandra by 12–15%.

Changes in the soil quality attributes of continuous no-till farming systems following a strategic tillage

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Crawford ◽  
V. Rincon-Florez ◽  
A. Balzer ◽  
Y. P. Dang ◽  
L. C. Carvalhais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
First Year ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Management Option ◽  
No Till

The adoption of no-till farming systems has greatly reduced energy and machinery inputs while significantly improving soil health and productivity. However, the control of crop weeds and diseases in no-till (NT) systems has become increasingly difficult for landholders in Australia’s northern grains regions, with occasional strategic tillage (ST) being considered as a potential management option. This study investigated the effects of occasional ST on physical, chemical and biological soil properties, productivity, and weed control on five long-term (7–44 years) NT-managed soils. The study area extended from Biloela (Vertosol, 666 mm annual rainfall), Condamine (Sodosol, 624 mm annual rainfall), Moonie (Dermosol, 636 mm annual rainfall) and Warwick (Vertosol, 675 mm annual rainfall) in Queensland to Wee Waa (Vertosol, 582 mm annual rainfall) in New South Wales. Tillage treatments included chisel, offset disc and prickle–disc chain with various timings and frequencies. Soil samples (0–0.3 m) obtained 3 and 12 months after occasional ST were analysed for total and particulate organic carbon (TOC, POC), available phosphorus (P), bulk density, soil water, and microbial enzymatic activity. In-crop weed density was also recorded. One-time tillage, with chisel tines, offset disc or chain harrows, in long-term NT helped to control winter weeds in the first year, with variable results in the second year. Grain yield overall showed no significant impact in either year, except on the Brown Sodosol (P = 0.08) in the first year. The initial impacts of strategic tillage on soil water were largely restricted to the 0–0.1 m depth range, with slight, non-significant decreases occurring. Available P, TOC, POC and total microbial enzymatic activity were not significantly impacted by either cultivation frequency or implement type. The use of an occasional ST for the purpose of weed control could be utilised as a viable management option for NT systems in the region without impacting on long-term productivity.

scholarly journals The influence of farming system elements on the yield of barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
N.A. Feoktistova ◽  
D.V. Eremina
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Indirect Impact

The results of long-term stationary studies on the influence of farming system elements on the yield of spring barley in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals are presented. In the experiment, the role of the precursor; the main tillage (plowing and surface scarification); three levels of mineral nutrition were studied. The variation of the barley harvest for 2004-2014 under the influence of weather conditions that have direct and indirect impact on the formation of the yield of cereals is shown. The yield of barley primarily depends on the level of mineral nutrition. The average yield of barley sown after peas was 3.52 t/ha, with a variation in the range of 2.40-4.24 t/ha. In the variant where the precursor was oat, the yield of barley was 3.39 t/ha with a variation from 2.11 to 4.72 t/ha. The share of the contribution of the growing season weather conditions is 49% (the precursor is peas) and 72% (the precursor is oat). The minimum yield over the years of research was 1.44 t/ha on the variant where the precursor was oat, fertilizers were not applied, and the main tillage was surface scarification. The maximum yield was 5.57 t/ha on the variant with a dose of fertilizers N54P52K52 kg/ha, which were introduced by plowing.

scholarly journals Fruit firmness of raspberry parent forms and its inheritance in posterity

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Podgaetsky
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Optimum Degree ◽  
Hybrid Offspring ◽  
Triple Frequency ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Separation Force ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Research Period

The possibility of increasing in raspberry fruit firmness as the limiting indicator of variety aptitude to mechanized harvesting of berries as well as long-term transportation and storage have been considered in the article. The objects of research were 23 raspberry varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, 16 selected forms, as well as their offspring from controlled crossings and populations from free pollination. The evaluation of firmness characteristics was carried out at the hybrid plot and the plot of competitive varietal trials in the period from 2016 to 2018. The berries from each variety and an elite seedling were collected in a state of full maturity in triple frequency. The number of berries in each frequency was 10 pieces. There were took 10 berries in the optimum degree of maturity of the hybrid offspring from each seedling. The effort to crush the berries was determined using torsion weights and transferred to international units –Newton; the separation force was determined with the help of a pistol-dynamometer. The weather conditions of the research period were contrasting, which allowed evaluating more objectively the collection and selection material of raspberries on the fruit firmness. The evaluation of the parent forms of raspberries by the effort of crushing the berries allowed revealing the sources of increasedthe fruit strength – varieties Glen Ample, Cascade Delight, Peresvet, Lazcka, Gusar and the selected form 2-90-2. The “crush effort” indicator of the fruits of these forms over the research period was not lower than 5.0 N and was less affected by weather conditions. The analysis of the hybrid offspring of raspberries from controlled crossings and populations from free pollination showed the polygenic character of inheritance of the trait. The promising parent forms for breeding to increase the berry firmness – varieties Glen Ample and Gusar, as well as the selected form 2-8-3 have been identified. Among the studied hybrid combinations, the families of Tarusa x 2-8-3, Gusar x Vol’nitsa, as well as the populations from free pollination of Glen Ample and Gusar varieties are of the greatest interest. In the offspring of these genotypes the transgressive seedlings with effort of crushing of fruits more than 6.0 Н have been revealed.

scholarly journals The Typicality of Hydrothermal Conditions of the Forest Steppe and Their Influence on the Productivity of Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Andrii Butenko ◽  
Dmytrо Litvinov ◽  
Natalia Borys ◽  
Olena Litvinova ◽  
Ihor Masyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Analysis of changes in hydrothermal conditions of growing crops in the forest steppe zone of Ukraine over a period of 2004–2016 showed that by the average monthly air temperature more than a half of the years under study and by rainfall nearly a third of the researched period differed significantly from the average long-term value and were close to extreme weather. Statistical analysis of long-term indicators of the air temperature regime is evidence of a steady trend towards an increase in average annual air temperature with significant fluctuations in indices in separate periods from 7.9 ± 2.9 to 10.0 ± 2.5oС and a decrease in the amount and instability of natural moisture entry. The influence of weather conditions on the formation of productivity of spiked cereals (winter and spring wheat, spring barley) and maize was assessed at the current agrometeorological risks in the forest steppe of Ukraine. Based on the correlation-regression analysis, mathematical models were created that reproduce the dependence of grain yields upon the complex weather conditions of the growing season, the impact of which reached 60–70%. The conditions of eight years (2006–2008, 2011–2014 and 2016), when the hydrothermal index for the vegetation period was 1.13–1.76, turned out to be optimal by hydrothermal indicators to harvest maize yield at 5.83–9.47 t/ha. However, the years of 2005, 2009–2010 and 2015 were unfavorable as they received precipitation by 120 mm lower than a norm or 36% of the norm. The rainfall by 37–61% lower than a norm in June–July and grain yield 3.12–6.51 t/ha were also characteristic of the years mentioned above.

Comparative Characteristics of Assessment Methods for Arachis Hypogaea Collection Samples

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-95
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
The South ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Number Of Branches

Peanuts are plants of the tropical zone, therefore, for its growth and development, high temperature indicators are needed during a fairly long growing season. The climatic parameters of the south of Ukraine correspond to the needs of this culture, and today there is positive experience in growing peanuts in this region. In order to increase the efficiency of growing peanuts in the conditions of the Steppe zone, it is necessary to carry out genetic selection work to study and select a more adapted source material in order to create highly productive Ukrainian varieties adapted to the arid zone conditions. At the initial stage of this work, it is necessary to have clear signs and characteristics for evaluating the studied genotypes, and the existing methods for describing the characters and conducting an examination for distinctness, uniformity, and stability are incomplete and do not meet the requirements for in-depth work on private genetics and culture breeding. For our work, we used 18 peanut genotypes as a material, which make up the collection of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAASU. Studies were carried out in 2018 and 2019, in different weather conditions. All measurements, observations and statistical processing in the study of samples were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. When conducting a comparative analysis of the two methods for describing the signs of underground peanuts, it was found that one of the methods contains 23 signs and the other 17. The signs of the vegetative part of plants that characterize the habit and structure of the leaf predominate in both methods. We have identified and proposed for description 9 new characters in peanut plants: 2 - leaf characters (additional leaves and pubescence); 1 - the structure of beans (weight 100 beans); 1 - an economically valuable trait (the presence of nodules on the roots); 5 - flower features (size and color of the flower and border). In terms of plant habitat, Ukrainian Stepnyak and Krasnodar 13 varieties were distinguished, which had the highest height (43.8 cm) and the largest number of branches (9.3 pcs.). In addition to morphological identification features for the description and examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability, we have also studied the quantitative characteristics of underground peanuts. It was established that the height of peanut plants in the field conditions of the south of Ukraine ranged from 14 to 44 cm. The highest variety was the Ukrainian Stepnyak variety, and the shortest one was Pink large. The largest number of branches is 9.3 pcs. noted in the variety Krasnodar 13, and the smallest 4.62 pcs. - at L3. And the largest flower of 1.91 cm stood out White-pink 3. The quantitative traits we studied are characterized by continuous variability, which is due to the interaction between genes and the environment. Thus, to identify varietal variability in underground peanuts, it is necessary to use both existing methods, and in the near future, work should be done to combine them with the inclusion of new identified characters to more clearly identify the genotypes of this new valuable oilseed crop.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document