scholarly journals Effects of intravenous glucose infusion and nutritional balance on serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, insulin, and progesterone in nonlactating dairy cows

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 3047-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.V.R. Vieira ◽  
C.N. Lopes ◽  
B.I. Cappellozza ◽  
A.B. Scarpa ◽  
R.F. Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Balance

scholarly journals Sirtuin 3 Restores Synthesis and Secretion of Very Low-Density Lipoproteins in Cow Hepatocytes Challenged with Nonesterified Fatty Acids In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Dongmei Xing ◽  
Baogen Wang ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
Tao Peng ◽  
Jianming Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sirtuin 3 ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Tag Accumulation

Fatty liver is closely associated with elevated concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and a low level of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in blood of dairy cows. High NEFA inhibit the VLDL synthesis and assembly, and cause hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, antagonizes NEFA-induced TAG accumulation through modulating expressions of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation genes in cow hepatocytes. However, the role of SIRT3 in the VLDL synthesis and assembly was largely unknown. Here we aimed to test whether SIRT3 would recover the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes induced by high NEFA. Primary cow hepatocytes were isolated from 3 Holstein cows. Hepatocytes were infected with SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus (Ad-SIRT3), SIRT3-short interfering (si) RNA, or first infected with Ad-SIRT3 and then incubated with 1.0 mM NEFA (Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA). Expressions of key genes in VLDL synthesis and the VLDL contents in cell culture supernatants were measured. SIRT3 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA abundance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and ApoE (p < 0.01), and raised VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). However, SIRT3 silencing displayed a reverse effect in comparison to SIRT3 overexpression. Compared with NEFA treatment alone, the Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA significantly upregulated the mRNA abundance of MTP, ApoB100 and ApoE (p < 0.01), and increased VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrated that SIRT3 restored the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes challenged with NEFA, providing an in vitro basis for further investigations testing its feasibility against hepatic TAG accumulation in dairy cows during the perinatal period.

scholarly journals Determination metabolic and nutritional status in dairy cows during early and mid lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojica Djokovic ◽  
Zoran Ilic ◽  
Vladimir Kurcubic ◽  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
Violeta Caro-Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The objective of the present study was to investigate nutritional and metabolic status in Simmental cows during early and mid-lactation. Fifteen early lactating cows and 15 mid lactating cows were chosen for the investigation. Blood samples were collected to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), glucose and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST). Early lactation as compared to mid lactating cows were found to have significantly higher (P<0.05) blood serum concentrations of NEFA, BHB and AST and lower blood serum concentrations of glucose (P<0.05) and TG (P>0.05). Significantly negative correlations were observed between BHB and glucose (P<0.01), BHB and TG (P<0.05), NEFA and glucose (P<0.05). Significantly positive correlations were observed between NEFA and BHB (P<0.05), NEFA and AST (P<0.05), glucose and TG (P<0.01). The results suggest that these parameters can serve as useful indicators of the nutritional and metabolic status of dairy cows during lactation.

scholarly journals Trafficking of nonesterified fatty acids in insulin resistance and relationship to dysglycemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. E392-E404
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Walker ◽  
Jennifer L. Ford ◽  
Raymond C. Boston ◽  
Olga V. Savinova ◽  
William S. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Affinity Constant ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Percent Suppression

In adipose, insulin functions to suppress intracellular lipolysis and secretion of nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) into plasma. We applied glucose and NEFA minimal models (MM) following a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) to assess glucose-specific and NEFA-specific insulin resistance. We used total NEFA and individual fatty acids in the NEFA MM, comparing the model parameters in metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) subjects ( n = 52) with optimally healthy controls (OptHC; n = 14). Results are reported as mean difference (95% confidence interval). Using the glucose MM, MetSyn subjects had lower [−73% (−82, −57)] sensitivity to insulin (Si) and higher [138% (44, 293)] acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg). Using the NEFA MM, MetSyn subjects had lower [−24% (−35, −13)] percent suppression, higher [32% (15, 52)] threshold glucose (gs), and a higher [81% (12, 192)] affinity constant altering NEFA secretion (ϕ). Comparing fatty acids, percent suppression was lower in myristic acid (MA) than in all other fatty acids, and the stearic acid (SA) response was so unique that it did not fit the NEFA MM. MA and SA percent of total were increased at 50 min after glucose injection, whereas oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) were decreased ( P < 0.05). We conclude that the NEFA MM, as well as the response of individual NEFA fatty acids after a FSIVGTT, differ between OptHC and MetSyn subjects and that the NEFA MM parameters differ between individual fatty acids.

scholarly journals Decline in mammary translational capacity during intravenous glucose infusion into lactating dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Curtis ◽  
J.J.M. Kim ◽  
D.L. Bajramaj ◽  
J. Doelman ◽  
V.R. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Effects of supplementation of calcium salts of polyunsaturated fatty acids on serum concentrations of progesterone and insulin of pregnant dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipe Moriel ◽  
Bruno Ieda Cappellozza ◽  
Luiz Felipe Ferraretto ◽  
Augusto Cossolino Aboin ◽  
Fernanda Victor Rodrigues Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Salts

scholarly journals Changes in serum metabolic hormone levels after glucose infusion during lactation cycles in Holstein cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Chalmeh ◽  
Ali Hajimohammadi ◽  
Soheil Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Negative energy balance can impair the metabolism of high producing dairy cows and supplying the glucose, as an energy source; can prevent the metabolic disorders in these animals. Hence, we hypothesized that bolus intravenous glucose administration may change the concentrations of metabolic hormones in order to prevent and control of metabolic dysfunctions of dairy cows. Twenty five multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided to 5 equal groups containing early, mid and late lactations, far-off and close-up dry periods. All cows were received dextrose 50% intravenously at 500 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg/h. Blood samples were collected from all animals prior to and 1, 2, 3 and 4 after dextrose 50% infusion and sera were separated to determine glucose, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), serum free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), cortisol and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The decreasing pattern of T3 concentration was detected in all studied animals following intravenous glucose infusion (P&lt;0.05). The significant increasing pattern of T4 levels was seen in early and mid lactation cows after glucose administration (P&lt;0.05). The significant decreasing pattern of IGF-1 was detected in mid and late lactations and far-off dry groups (P&lt;0.05). There were no significant alterations in fT3, fT4 and cortisol concentrations following glucose infusion in all experimental groups. In conclusion, bolus intravenous glucose infusion could influence the metabolic hormones in high producing Holstein dairy cows. Alterations of metabolic hormones following bolus intravenous glucose administration indicated that glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic interactions and responses in dairy cows during different physiological states.

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