scholarly journals Changes in serum metabolic hormone levels after glucose infusion during lactation cycles in Holstein cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Chalmeh ◽  
Ali Hajimohammadi ◽  
Soheil Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Negative energy balance can impair the metabolism of high producing dairy cows and supplying the glucose, as an energy source; can prevent the metabolic disorders in these animals. Hence, we hypothesized that bolus intravenous glucose administration may change the concentrations of metabolic hormones in order to prevent and control of metabolic dysfunctions of dairy cows. Twenty five multiparous Holstein dairy cows were divided to 5 equal groups containing early, mid and late lactations, far-off and close-up dry periods. All cows were received dextrose 50% intravenously at 500 mg/kg, 10 mL/kg/h. Blood samples were collected from all animals prior to and 1, 2, 3 and 4 after dextrose 50% infusion and sera were separated to determine glucose, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), serum free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), cortisol and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The decreasing pattern of T3 concentration was detected in all studied animals following intravenous glucose infusion (P<0.05). The significant increasing pattern of T4 levels was seen in early and mid lactation cows after glucose administration (P<0.05). The significant decreasing pattern of IGF-1 was detected in mid and late lactations and far-off dry groups (P<0.05). There were no significant alterations in fT3, fT4 and cortisol concentrations following glucose infusion in all experimental groups. In conclusion, bolus intravenous glucose infusion could influence the metabolic hormones in high producing Holstein dairy cows. Alterations of metabolic hormones following bolus intravenous glucose administration indicated that glucose is an important direct controller of metabolic interactions and responses in dairy cows during different physiological states.

Hepatic glycogen in humans. II. Gluconeogenetic formation after oral and intravenous glucose

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. E158-E169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Radziuk
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Loading ◽  
Glucose Administration

The amount of glycogen that is formed by gluconeogenetic pathways during glucose loading was quantitated in human subjects. Oral glucose loading was compared with its intravenous administration. Overnight-fasted subjects received a constant infusion or [3-3H]glucose and a marker for gluconeogenesis, [U-14C]lactate or sodium [14C]bicarbonate [14C]bicarbonate). An unlabeled glucose load was then administered. Postabsorptively, or after glucose infusion was terminated, a third tracer ([6-3H]glucose) infusion was initiated along with a three-step glucagon infusion. Without correcting for background stimulation of [14C]glucose production or for dilution of 14C with citric acid cycle carbon in the oxaloacetate pool, the amount of glycogen mobilized by the glucagon infusion that was produced by gluconeogenesis during oral glucose loading was 2.9 +/- 0.7 g calculated from [U-14C]-lactate incorporation and 7.4 +/- 1.3 g calculated using [14C]bicarbonate as a gluconeogenetic marker. During intravenous glucose administration the latter measurement also yielded 7.2 +/- 1.1 g. When the two corrections above are applied, the respective quantities became 5.3 +/- 1.7 g for [U-14C]lactate as tracer and 14.7 +/- 4.3 and 13.9 +/- 3.6 g for oral and intravenous glucose with [14C]bicarbonate as tracer (P less than 0.05, vs. [14C]-lactate as tracer). When [2-14C]acetate was infused, the same amount of label was incorporated into mobilized glycogen regardless of which route of glucose administration was used. Comparison with previous data also suggests that 14CO2 is a potentially useful marker for the gluconeogenetic process in vivo.

Effects of oral vs. i.v. glucose administration on splanchnic and extrasplanchnic O2 uptake and blood flow

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. E496-E504 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brundin ◽  
R. Branstrom ◽  
J. Wahren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Splanchnic Oxygen

The metabolic and circulatory responses to intravenous or oral administration of glucose (75 g) were studied in healthy subjects. Pulmonary oxygen uptake increased promptly after oral but not during intravenous glucose infusion. The average 2-h rise above basal in whole body oxygen uptake was 8 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) after oral glucose and 3 +/- 1% (P < 0.05) during intravenous glucose infusion. After oral glucose, splanchnic oxygen uptake rose initially by approximately 15% (P < 0.01) and then declined; its average 2-h postprandial level was not significantly higher than that in the basal state. During intravenous glucose, splanchnic oxygen uptake decreased gradually during the first 75 min, reaching a level approximately 25% below basal (P < 0.05). Oxygen consumption by extrasplanchnic tissues rose significantly and to a similar extent (8%, 2 h average) with both intravenous and oral glucose. Splanchnic blood flow increased significantly after oral but not during intravenous glucose. It is concluded that 1) intravenous infusion and oral glucose administration elicit extrasplanchnic thermogenic effects of similar magnitude, 2) during intravenous glucose infusion, the extrasplanchnic thermogenic effect is counterbalanced by a simultaneous reduction in splanchnic oxygen uptake, resulting in a minimal (3%) net rise in whole body oxygen uptake, and 3) oral glucose ingestion but not intravenous glucose infusion increases the splanchnic blood flow.

scholarly journals Decline in mammary translational capacity during intravenous glucose infusion into lactating dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Curtis ◽  
J.J.M. Kim ◽  
D.L. Bajramaj ◽  
J. Doelman ◽  
V.R. Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Relationships between changes in plasma concentrations of leptin before and after parturition and the timing of first post-partum ovulation in high-producing Holstein dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kadokawa ◽  
D. Blache ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
G. B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolic Signal ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

During early lactation, dairy cattle are in negative energy balance and the delay to first post-partum ovulation depends on the time taken to recover from this situation. Lactating cows rely heavily on body fat to meet their requirements, leading to the suggestion that leptin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes, is acting as a metabolic signal to sites that control the reproductive axis. The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the timing of the first ovulation post partum in 20 high-producing Holstein dairy cows, using a radioimmunoassay based on recombinant bovine leptin was studied. Plasma leptin concentrations declined after parturition, reached a nadir of 0.74 ± 0.17 ng mL–1 on 10.1 ± 2.2 days after parturition (all values are mean ± SEM). They then increased and became stable near the time of ovulation. Leptin concentrations averaged 1.81 ± 0.31 ng mL –1 in the 14 days prepartum, 1.32 ± 0.21 ng mL –1 in the post-partum preovulatory period, and 1.61 ± 0.24 ng mL –1 in the post-ovulatory period. The differences between periods were significant (P<0.01). The interval from parturition to first ovulation averaged 25.9 ± 2.0 days and was not correlated with the prepartum, preovulatory or post-ovulatory leptin values. However, the interval to first ovulation correlated significantly (r = 0.83;P<0.0001) with the interval from parturition to the leptin nadir. These results show that plasma concentrations of leptin decrease in dairy cows in the early post-partum period and suggest that a delay in the recovery of leptin secretion increases the delay to the first ovulation.

scholarly journals PSXIII-32 Effects of rumen-protected niacin on dry mater intake, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cow during transition period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Author(s):  
Naren Gaowa ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shengli Li ◽  
Zhijun Cao ◽  
Yachun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cow ◽  
Experimental Stage ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract The dairy cows decrease dry mater intake (DMI) before calving and are frequently in negative energy balance after calving. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rumen-protected niacin (NA) on DMI, rumination, and milk production in multiparous Holstein dairy cows during transition period. Eighteen multiparous Holstein dairy cows were allocated into 3 groups: (1) control diet (Con; n = 6), not supplemented with NA, (2) supplemented diet 1 (NA1; supplemented with 20 g NA/cow daily, n = 6), and (3) supplemented diet 2 (NA2; supplemented with 40 g NA/cow daily, n = 6). Experimental stage was from 49 d before calving until 21 d after calving. Daily TMR intake was monitored by Roughage Intake Control System, and daily rumination time was monitored by Hr-Tag rumination monitoring system and milk yield was recorded every day after calving. Blood samples were collected on d -49, -35, -21, -14, -7, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 relative to parturition for quantifying concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexin A (OXA). The 20 g/day NA feeding increased DMI during transition period (P &lt; 0.05). The concentrations of NPY and OXA, which are the intake related hormones, were significant higher in NA1 than the other two groups in the first two weeks after calving (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the daily rumination time in NA1 was significantly higher than the control group from two weeks before calving to the first week after calving (P &lt; 0.01). The 20 g/day NA feeding significantly increased milk yield (P &lt; 0.05) compared to control group in early lactation. Overall, our study demonstrated that 20 g/day NA feeding could improve DMI and production in fresh cows, while those improvements were not detected with 40 g/day NA feeding.

scholarly journals Milk yield persistency and its relationship with health problems in Holstein dairy cows supplemented with different levels of ruminally protected methionine and choline

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
M. Ardalan ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
K. Rezayazdi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Polynomial Coefficients ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract. Forty Holstein dairy cows in their first and second lactation were used in a lactation study from 4-week prepartum through 14-week postpartum to investigate the potential effect of feeding different levels of ruminally protected methionine and choline on milk yield persistency of Holstein dairy cows. Cows were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: 18 g/d of rumen-protected methionine (RPM), 60 g/d of rumenprotected choline (RPC), 18 g/d of RPM + 60 g/d of RPC, or neither supplement (control). The use of polynomial equations revealed that the polynomial coefficients of regression were closer (P<0.05) to zero for RPM+RPC-fed cows than for other cows. Therefore, RPM+RPC-fed cows had a more persistent (P<0.05) early-lactation milk yield than did other cows. Cows fed RPM+RPC had the lowest health problems compared with other groups. The treatments significantly affected actual milk yield (P<0.05), 4 % fat-corrected milk (FCM) (P<0.01) and energy-corrected milk (ECM) (P<0.01) across lactation weeks. The treatments significantly affected average dry matter intake (DMI) for the first 14 week postpartum (P<0.05). Also, treatments significantly affected lactose percentage of milk across lactation weeks (P<0.01). In general, it was expected that RPM+RPC-fed cows with greater persistency of lactation would be healthier because the incidence of metabolic and reproductive disorders and negative energy balance that originate from the physiological stress of high milk yield would be lower.

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