Evaluation of Palm Kernel Meal and Corn Distillers Grains in Corn Silage-Based Diets for Lactating Dairy Cows

Ramirez-Ramirez, H. A., Geis, A. R., Heine, C. S., Clark, K. J., Gehman, A. M. and Kononoff, P. J. 2011. Storage conditions of wet corn distillers’ grains with solubles in combination with other feeds and understanding the effects on performance of lactating dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 331–339. Wet distillers’ grains are commonly stored in polyethylene silo bags until needed for feeding. The objective of the first experiment was to evaluate the nature of ensiling wet distillers’ grains with soluble (WDGS) alone or in combination with other feeds. A 3×4×3 factorial experiment was conducted in which 36 mixtures were made using three loads of distillers’ grains stored at varying levels with three feeds (corn silage, ground corn, and brome hay). In all mixtures, the addition of feeds to WDGS increased the pH of stored material. The objective of the second experiment was to evaluate the effects of feeding WDGS on milk production. Twenty Holstein cows were used in a 4×5 Youden square. Prior to initiation of the study, WDGS were stored alone (WDGS) or mixed with either 12% ground corn (DM basis) (WDGS+C), 15% brome hay (DM basis) (WDGS+H) or 15% corn silage (DM basis) (WDGS+CS) in polyethylene silo bags. Animals were assigned to one of five treatments during each 21-d period. A diet not containing WDGS was formulated (Control), along with one containing 30% WDGS (DM basis) (WDGS). Three additional diets, similar to the WDGS treatment, were formulated to include one of the three blends of WDGS with corn (WDGS+C), brome hay (WDGS+H) or corn silage (WDGS+CS). Dry matter intake (DMI) was affected by diet and, compared with Control (21.9 kg d−1±0.70 kg d−1), was greater for WDGS (23.8±0.70 kg d−1) and WDGS+C (23.7±0.70 kg d−1). Milk yield, 3.5% FCM, and fat yield were not affected by treatment. These results suggest that dairy rations can be formulated to include stored WDGS at 30% DM without negative effects on milk production and composition.

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Short communication: Effects of level of rumen-degradable protein and corn distillers grains in corn silage-based diets on milk production and ruminal fermentation in lactating dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2012-6030 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 4638-4642 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G.I. Zanton ◽

A.J. Heinrichs ◽

C.M. Jones

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Short Communication ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Communication Effects ◽

Corn Distillers ◽

Degradable Protein

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Strategies to reduce reliance on soya bean meal and palm kernel meal in livestock nutrition

Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition ◽

10.3920/jaan2020.0007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 75-82

Author(s):

J.M. Wilkinson ◽

R.H. Young

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Soya Bean ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

Kernel Meal ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Palm Kernel Meal ◽

Soya Bean Meal

Greenhouse gas emissions and loss of wildlife habitats have stimulated growing global concern over the continued expansion of soya bean and palm oilseed production on land recently converted from forest and natural grasslands. This paper reviews the roles of soya bean meal and palm kernel meal in livestock nutrition, drawing on research data to explore the potential for their replacement in nutritionally balanced diets. Soya bean meal is a widely used livestock feed due to relatively high levels of total protein and essential amino acids. Palm kernel meal has been used for many years in compound feeds for ruminant livestock and as a supplement to grazed pasture in periods of drought. A range of alternative sources of protein is available to replace soya bean and palm kernel meals, e.g. protected rapeseed meal can replace soya bean meal in diets for productive dairy cows, but constraints to widespread adoption include insufficient supply, anti-nutritional factors which require feeds to be processed or supplemented with enzymes, and imbalances in essential amino acids. Soya ‘milk’ made directly from soya beans is a less efficient process than producing milk from dairy cows, especially when they are grazed on pastures or given diets that do not contain soya bean meal.

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Feeding behavior of sheep fed diets with Elaeis guineensis palm kernel meal

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n4supl1p2513 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2513

Author(s):

Bianca Damasceno Pinho ◽

Aline Fernanda Oliveira Ramos ◽

José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽

Cristian Faturi ◽

André Guimarães Maciel e Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Idle Time ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Kernel Meal ◽

Palm Kernel Meal

In order to evaluate the feeding behavior of sheep fed with diets containing different levels of palm kernel meal (PKM) substituted for corn silage, a metabolic assay was performed on 20 ewes (5 treatments × 4 replicates) over 25 d. The animals received corn silage diets with the addition of increasing levels of PKM (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60%). The following parameters were evaluated: dry matter (DM) intake, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, feeding time, rumination time, idle time, number of merycism mastications per bolus, time spent ruminating each bolus, DM and NDF per bolus, number of ruminated boluses per day, feeding and rumination efficiency, total chewing time, and number of merycism mastications per day. The daily intake of both DM and NDF increased linearly (P < 0.05), and when sheep were fed diets of at least 43.18 and 39.15% PKM, respectively, the consumption values were significantly different than when sheep were fed diets with 0% PKM (P < 0.05). In contrast, feeding time declined linearly, and in response to diets with at least 28.05% PKM, the sheep exhibited significantly different feeding times from those of sheep fed 0% PKM, with a reduction of 0.0613 percentage points per 1% increase in PKM. Idle time, rumination time, and rumination time per bolus each exhibited quadratic responses (P < 0.05), and the minimum rumination time per bolus was 44.37 s with 35.19% PKM. A quadratic response was also observed for total chewing time and both measures of merycism mastications (P < 0.05). Therefore, we concluded that the inclusion of PKM in the diets of sheep improves some parameters of feeding behavior, and the use of PKM is recommended at DM percentages of up to 40%.

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