Reevaluation of an experimental streptococcal canine brain abscess model

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Kurzydlowski ◽  
Cynthia Wollenschlager ◽  
Frank R. Venezio ◽  
Mona Ghobrial ◽  
Morris Marc Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An experimental cerebral abscess model in which alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were inoculated into the brain parenchyma of dogs was evaluated for assessment of antimicrobial therapy. Intracerebral ring-enhancing lesions were visualized by computerized tomography, but they resolved after time without therapeutic intervention. Histopathological study demonstrated evolution of the lesions into sterile granulomas. Quantitative cultures were performed and uniformly became sterile in the early cerebritis stage, approximately 3 days after bacterial inoculation. Therefore, this brain abscess model should not be utilized for the evaluation of new antimicrobial treatment regimens. Rather, other models which document persistent viable organisms within cerebral abscesses need to be developed.

A transparent sheath for endoscopic surgery and its application in surgical evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hematomas

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuhiro Nishihara ◽  
Akira Teraoka ◽  
Akio Morita ◽  
Keisuke Ueki ◽  
Keisuke Takai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Surgery ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Bleeding Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Minimal Invasiveness ◽  
Surgical Evacuation ◽  
Endoscopic Evacuation ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors advocate the use of a transparent sheath for guiding an endoscope, a simple and unique tool for endoscopic surgery, and describe preliminary results of its application in the evacuation of hypertensive intracerebral hematomas. This sheath is a 10-cm-long tube made of clear acrylic plastic, which greatly improves visualization of the surgical field through a 2.7-mm nonangled endoscope inserted within. Between April 1997 and December 1998, the authors performed endoscopic evacuation of intracerebral hematomas by using this sheath inserted into the patients' heads through a burr hole. In nine consecutive cases in which the hematoma was larger than 40 ml in volume, nearly complete evacuation (86–100%) of the lesion was achieved without complication. Excellent visualization of the border between the brain parenchyma and the hematoma facilitated accurate intraoperative orientation, and also allowed easy identification of the bleeding point. Thus, this combination of sheath and endoscope achieves both minimal invasiveness and the maximum extent of hematoma removal with secure hemostasis. This tool will reduce the inherent disadvantage of endoscopic procedures and may expand their application in other areas of neurosurgical management.

Production of experimental brain abscess in the rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
Michael Mendes ◽  
Paul Moore ◽  
Clarabelle Wheeler ◽  
George Rodeheaver
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slow Infusion ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Brain Abscess ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Experimental evaluation of brain abscess has been inhibited by the lack of a simple and reproducible model in small animals. A stereotaxic headholder and slow infusion of 1 µl of saline, containing a known number of bacteria, were used to produce brain abscess consistently in the rat. The natural history of the brain abscess produced by this technique closely simulated that found in the human clinical situation.

Tuberculoma presenting as an en plaque meningioma

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Bauer ◽  
Roger F. Johnson ◽  
Joseph M. Levy ◽  
Donald V. Pojman ◽  
John R. Ruge
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Lesions ◽  
Intracranial Tuberculoma ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Intracranial tuberculomas generally present as either solitary or multiple lesions in the brain parenchyma. They are characterized by a ring-enhancing area on either computerized tomography scans or magnetic resonance images. A case is presented in which an intracranial tuberculoma was dural based and had an appearance similar to an en plaque meningioma.

William Macewen and the treatment of brain abscesses: revisited after one hundred years

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee J. Canale
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Harvey Cushing ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The year 1993 marked the centennial of the publication of Sir William Macewen's monograph, Pyogenic Infective Diseases of the Brain and Spinal Cord, and its accompanying volume, Atlas of Head Sections. As Harvey Cushing noted, the text on pyogenic diseases of the brain was a landmark in surgery of the nervous system. At the time of its publication, Macewen's work was the most comprehensive study of pyogenic brain diseases. In this paper the author reviews the state of knowledge of brain abscess existing in the 19th and 20th centuries, with particular emphasis on the late 19th century, and elucidates factors contributing to Macewen's remarkable success. His thorough knowledge of the natural history of pyogenic diseases of the temporal bone and nasal sinuses, in addition to his clear description of cranial anatomy, as illustrated in his Atlas of Head Sections, were especially important in developing his successful treatment of brain abscess. The x-ray had not yet been discovered; Macewen's diagnosis was based on clinical findings superbly illustrated by his three clinical stages of brain abscess development. His clinical observations are as relevant today as when he described them 100 years ago. Macewen recorded 25 cases of brain abscess. Nineteen of these patients came to his attention in time to undergo surgery, resulting in 18 recoveries. All five of his patients with extradural abscess recovered. These results were achieved in the era known as “the most glorious period in British surgery.” Neurosurgery was in its infancy; nevertheless, even as the 20th century closes, Macewen's results still have not been surpassed.

Intracerebral infusion of thrombin as a cause of brain edema

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1045-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Lee ◽  
A. Lorris Betz ◽  
Richard F. Keep ◽  
Thomas L. Chenevert ◽  
Seoung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Edema ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Purified thrombin from an exogenous source is a hemostatic agent commonly used in neurosurgical procedures. The toxicity of thrombin in the brain, however, has not been examined. This study was performed to assess the effect of thrombin on brain parenchyma, using the formation of brain edema as an indicator of injury. Ten µl of test solution was infused stereotactically into the right basal ganglia of rats. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours later, and the extent of brain edema and ion content were measured. Concentrations of human thrombin as low as 1 U/µl resulted in a significant increase in brain water content. Rats receiving 10 U/µl had a mortality rate of 33% compared to no mortality in the groups receiving smaller doses. Thrombin-induced brain edema was inhibited by a specific and potent thrombin inhibitor, hirudin. A medical grade of bovine thrombin commonly used in surgery also caused brain edema when injected at a concentration of 2 U/µl. Edema formation was prevented by another highly specific thrombin inhibitor, Nα-(2-Naphthalenesulfonylglycyl)-4-dl-phenylalaninepiperidide (α-NAPAP). Thrombininduced brain edema was accompanied by increases in brain sodium and chloride contents and a decrease in brain potassium content. Changes in brain ions were inhibited by both hirudin and α-NAPAP, corresponding to the inhibition of brain water accumulation. This study shows that thrombin causes brain edema when infused into the brain at concentrations as low as 1 U/µl, an amount within the range of concentrations used for topical hemostasis in neurosurgery.

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Associated with Polymicrobial Infection after Intraoral Laceration: A Pediatric Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Fumihiro Ochi ◽  
Hisamichi Tauchi ◽  
Toyohisa Miyata ◽  
Tomozo Moritani ◽  
Toshiyuki Chisaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Pediatric Case ◽  
Parvimonas Micra ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Brain Abscesses ◽  
Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease ◽  
The Brain

Brain abscesses, infections within the brain parenchyma, can arise as complications of various conditions including infections, trauma, and surgery. However, brain abscesses due to polymicrobial organisms have rarely been reported in children. We herein report a case of a 9-year-old girl with unresolved congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) presenting with right hemiplegia who was diagnosed with brain abscess caused by Streptococcus intermedius, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum after oropharyngeal injury. She was treated with intravenous antimicrobial therapy, drainage under craniotomy, and antiedema therapy with glycerol and goreisan, which led to the improvement of right hemiplegia to baseline; she was discharged following eight weeks of intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The clinical diagnosis of the brain abscess was difficult due to the nonspecific presentation, highlighting the importance of cranial imaging without haste in patients at increased risk for brain abscesses such as those with CCHD, presenting with fever in the absence of localizing symptoms or fever, accompanied with abnormal neurological findings.

Bacteriology of intracranial abscess in children

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Intracranial Abscess ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The bacteriological and clinical findings in 19 pediatric patients with intracranial abscess are presented. Ten children presented with subdural empyema and nine had brain abscess. Sinusitis was present in 14 children, and dental abscess in two. The abscess was located in the frontal and parietal area in seven instances each, and in the temporal area in five. Anaerobic organisms alone were recovered in 12 (63%) of the patients (including eight with subdural empyema and four with brain abscess), aerobic bacteria alone were present in two children (11%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in five (26%) patients. There were 43 anaerobic isolates (2.3 per specimen). The predominant anaerobes were anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (16 isolates); Bacteroides sp. (10, including two B. fragilis); Fusobacterium sp. (nine isolates); and Actinomyces sp. (five isolates). A total of eight aerobic isolates (0.4 per specimen), including five Gram-positive cocci and three Haemophilus sp., were recovered. Antimicrobial therapy was administered to all patients. Five patients, four with sinusitis and subdural empyema and one with sinusitis and brain abscess, did not respond to antimicrobial therapy and aspiration of the abscess, and required surgical drainage of their inflamed sinuses. These findings indicate the major role of anaerobic organisms in the polymicrobial etiology of intracranial abscess in children.

Low incidence of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion

1999 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Savitz ◽  
Lewis M. Bobroff
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Bleeding into the brain parenchyma or ventricles is an infrequently reported complication in adults who undergo insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The purpose of this study was to establish the incidence of delayed intracerebral hemorrhage secondary to ventricular cannulation during shunting procedures.Methods. Over a 24-year period, in a series of 125 adult patients with hydrocephalus, postoperative computerized tomography scans were obtained in every case within 48 hours of shunt surgery performed by the same neurosurgeon. The rate of delayed intracerebral hematoma or intraventricular hemorrhage after VP shunt placement was documented by routine neuroradiological follow up to be 4%.Conclusions. In adult patients with no coagulopathy or occult vascular lesions, the rate of bleeding after VP shunt insertion may be low if the procedure is uncomplicated by multiple attempts at perforation, puncture of the choroid plexus, or improper placement of the tubing within the parenchyma of the brain.

Microvascular pathological features of immediate perinidal parenchyma in cerebral arteriovenous malformations: giant bed capillaries

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Attia ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tada ◽  
Kazuhiro Hongo ◽  
Hisashi Nagashima ◽  
Toshiki Takemae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pericapillary Space ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The behavior of brain tissue in cases of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is a matter of debate. The authors believe that the local microvascular environment in the AVM bed shares the hemodynamic changes influencing that behavior in one way or another. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microvascular pathological features in the immediate perinidal brain tissue. Methods. This retrospective study was conducted using excised AVM specimens obtained in 35 patients, from which the authors selected 20 specimens that fulfilled the criteria for sufficient brain tissue around the excised nidus. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and the immediate perinidal microvascular environment was examined using light microscopy. Conclusions. Eighty-five percent of the AVMs studied showed the presence of huge, dilated capillaries, and 65% showed severe congestion of these capillaries. The authors have named these capillaries “giant bed capillaries.” In this study capillary bleeding was shown in AVMs, and a pericapillary space was seen around some vessels. The brain parenchyma containing AVMs with these findings proved to be significantly ischemic.

Maduromycosis of the brain

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murugesan Natarajan ◽  
Devarajulu Balakrishnan ◽  
Aloysius K. Muthu ◽  
Kallady Arumugham
Keyword(s):  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Abscess Cavity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A rare case of a gas-containing brain abscess due to verified maduromycosis is described. Blackish material over the abscess cavity revealed the fungal elements. The pus from the abscess contained Streptococcus hemolyticus and Klebsiella organisms.

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