scholarly journals Changes and Compromises in Health Choices during COVID-19 Lockdown in Kathmandu Valley: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (232) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmina Shrestha ◽  
Sajan Acharya ◽  
Raksha Sharma ◽  
Roja Khanal ◽  
Jasmin Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Health Research Council ◽  
Utilization Of Healthcare

Introduction: Nepal government enforced a lockdown as a social distancing measure to curb the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown has led to compromises in day to day choices like food, exercise, sleep, self-care routines and utilization of healthcare facilities - directly and indirectly influencing aspects of health. Identification of compromised health choices can assist in better planning of inevitable future crises. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on an online self -administered questionnaire, done using CHERRIES criteria, conducted from March 30, 2020, to July 31, 2020. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Nepal Health Research Council (Registration number: 2119; 300/2020 P). Descriptive statistics was used for analysis. Results: Our study had 51% (340) female and 48.7% (325) male participants. A total of 67.9% (112) reported decreased consumption of tobacco and 53.6% (178) reported decreased consumption of alcohol during the lockdown period. Participants who reported that they would have visited a hospital if they had a flu-like illness increased from 22.6% (151) pre-pandemic to 58.6% (391) post-pandemic. Increase in news consumption was reported by 79.2% (528). Out of 6.4% (43) participants with a chronic condition, 69.8% (30) reported having missed follow up due to the lockdown. Conclusions: The health of an individual is determined by various choices s/he makes on a day to day basis. Many of those choices are in turn influenced by the availability and accessibility of commodities. Lessons learned from the affected lives due to COVID-19 can be used in proper planning of inevitable future crises.

scholarly journals Practice of Breastfeeding and its Barriers among Women Working in Tertiary Level Hospitals

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (215) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukta Singh Bhandari ◽  
Pratibha Manandhar ◽  
Dipesh Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

Introduction: Breastfeeding provides ideal food for newborns and prevents recurrent infection and malnutrition in infants. In Nepal, breastfeeding is a universal practice but exclusive breastfeeding is low. As there is increased involvement of women in workforce, practice of breastfeeding may have been compromised. The main objective of the study was to examine the practice and barriers of breastfeeding among women working in tertiary level hospitals of Nepal. Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study. Study participants were wom- en working in Dhulikhel Hospital and Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital and was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Ethical approval was taken from institutional review committee of both institutions. Total of 208 women were included in the study and face to face interview was conducted. Data entry and analysis was done using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS).Results: Breastfeeding practice was universal and colostrum was fed by 195 (94%) women. Pre- lacteal feeding was given by 14 (7%) women and 119 (57%) initiated breastfeeding within one hour of birth. Total of 93 (45%) children were exclusively breastfed for any duration while 10 (11%) were exclusively breastfed for six months. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 14.57 months and 90 (43%) started complementary feeding before six months. Total of 97 (51%) women and 42 (47%) women stated work as barrier for not exclusively breastfeeding and early complementary feeding respectively. Conclusions: Exclusive breastfeeding was very low and children were breastfed for less than two years. Complementary feeding was also started earlier and work was stated as the main barrier for poor breastfeeding practice. Keywords: breastfeeding; complementary feeding; working women.

scholarly journals Higher Termination of Brachial Artery in Cadavers in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (240) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanzida Khatun ◽  
Diwakar Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Reference Number ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Usual Site

Introduction: The main blood supply for arm is provided by the brachial artery. It shows variation in branching and termination patterns in some individuals. Variation in brachial artery may cause difficulties during various clinical and surgical procedures. The present study aims to find out the prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers in the department of anatomy of a medical college. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from 10th January 2020 to 20th April 2021 after the ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of Nobel Medical College (reference number: IRC-NMCTH 280/2020). The study was done in 58 upper limbs of 29 properly embalmed cadavers. Convenient sampling was done. They were carefully dissected. The level of termination of brachial artery was noted. The length of the brachial artery and the distance between its termination and the intercondylar line of humerus was recorded. Results: Higher termination of brachial artery was observed in 3 (5.17%) extremities; one (1.72%) at middle third of arm and two (3.45%) at lower third of arm. In 52 (89.66%) extremities, the site of termination was at the level of neck of radius. The brachial artery terminated a few centimeters below its usual site at the level of upper part of shaft of the radius in 3 (5.17%) extremities. Conclusions: The prevalence of higher termination of brachial artery in cadavers is slightly lower than the studies performed in similar settings. It is not an uncommon finding. It may have impact on clinical and surgical procedures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Selected Non-Metric Dental Traits in Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese Ethnic Groups of Western Hilly Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Sah ◽  
Santosh Kandel ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
Alok Atreya
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Review Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Dental Traits

Introduction: Additional anatomic features present on teeth are called non-metric dental traits. Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling are such traits which are mostly evaluated for identification of ethnicity. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling among Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese ethnic group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from March 22 to June 22 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. The study was conducted among 274 patients and convenient sampling method was applied. Data were analyzed by the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among 274 cases, 153 (55.84%) cases were Indo-Nepalese and 121 (44.16%) were TibetoNepalese. Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was noticed in 87 (56.86%) of Indo-Nepalese and 45 (37.19%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Shovelling (11, 12, 21, 22) was present in 47 (30.71%) Indo-Nepalese and 79 (65.28%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Further, Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was found in 77 (53.10%) females and 55 (55.12%) males. Shovelling was present in 75 (51.72%) females and 51 (39.53%) males. Bilateralism with respect to Carabelli’s cusp was present in 82 (62.2%) cases. Presence of bilateral shovelling on upper central incisors and lateral central incisors were among 117 (94.35%) and 56 (91.80%) respectively. Conclusions: Carabelli’s cusps are frequently found in Indo-Nepalese ethnic group and shovelling of teeth most commonly present in Tibeto-Nepalese population. Further, bilaterism for shovelling of teeth is more common than bilaterism for cusp of Carabelli.

scholarly journals Understanding Constraints and Enablers of Turnaround Time for Ethics Review: The Case of Institutional Review Boards in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110268
Author(s):  
Mwifadhi Mrisho ◽  
Zaynab Essack
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Submission ◽  
Ethics Review ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Review Boards

Background. Independent ethics review of research is required prior to the implementation of all health research involving human participants. However, ethics review processes are challenged by protracted turnaround times, which may negatively impact the implementation of socially valuable research. Previous research has documented delays in ethics review in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to determine the extent of variability in turnaround times for protocol review among different institutional review boards (IRBs) within Tanzania. Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study employed a mixed-method approach, with qualitative and quantitative components. Seven IRBs were purposively sampled from the 15 accredited IRBs operational in Tanzania during the study period, April 2017–April 2018. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA software and qualitative data were analysed thematically. Results. The median time for review across all IRBs was 32 days, with a range of 1–396 days. Qualitative results identified five key themes related to turnaround time from interviews with participants. These included: (1) procedures for receiving and distribution of protocols, (2) number of reviewers assigned to protocols, (3) duration of reviewing protocols, (4) reasons for delayed feedback, and (5) training of research ethics committee members. Conclusion. The study showed that the median days for ethical approval in Tanzania was 32 days. We observed from this study that electronic submission systems facilitated faster turnaround times. Failure to adhere to the submission checklists and guidelines was a major obstacle to the turnaround time.

scholarly journals Adaptation Of Oral Hygiene Habits In Dental Professionals: A Kap Study

Esculapio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03, july 2020-Septmber 2020) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan William ◽  
Deema Munir ◽  
Rabia Arshad ◽  
Shazel William
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Mouth Wash ◽  
Dental Professionals

Objective: The present survey was carried out to assess the practice and perception of dental professionals towards their own dental care. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried from May 2019 to April 2020, in Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional review board. A self- administered questionnaire was developed comprising of 20 questions among the dental personnel (Staff and BDS students) of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine Karachi, Pakistan, to assess their practice and care, regarding their own oral hygiene. Responses were collected through both, the hard copy and an online google form link. Data was evaluated for 176 complete forms. For all the asked questions, a comparison was also made between male and female candidates, and between their academic levels. For all the variable as categorical values, percentages were tabulated using SPSS 21. Results: The results indicated that not all the dental professionals had their same practice to maintain oral hygiene. Not all of them were following the proper theoretical knowledge. From their choices of toothpastes to their habits of flossing and using additional aids for maintaining oral hygiene, majority factors varied individually in spite of the fact that there is well-awareness of consequences of negligence. Conclusion: It was found that not all the dental practitioners follow the proper guidelines to maintain oral hygiene, and not all of them follow the instructions they give to their patients. Key Words: Oral Hygiene, Dental Professionals, Tooth Paste, Mouth Wash, Dentistry, Oral Hygiene Maintenance, Dental practitioners.

Comparison of gingival biotype in smokeless tobacco users (Gutka and Paan) and non-tobacco users

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Prena Moorpani ◽  
Fazal Ur Rehman Qazi ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmed Jat ◽  
Hira Akhtar ◽  
Munazza Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Gingival Biotype

Abstract Objective: To assess the gingival biotypes in smokeless tobacco (Gutka and Paan) users and compare it with non-tobacco users in Karachi sub-population using trans-gingival probing method (TRAN). Methods: This in-vivo, cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Operative Dentistry from 20th February 2019 to 25th June 2019 Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional review board of DUHS (Ref: IRB-1207/DUHS/Approval/2019/21). A total of 70 participants, 35 subjects currently using smokeless tobacco (Gutka and Paan) and 35 non-tobacco users from both genders were included in the study after taking informed consent. Gingival biotype was recorded using probe transparency method. Probing of the gingival sulcus was performed at the mid-buccal aspect of both maxillary incisors. Depending on the visibility of the underlying probe gingiva was categorized as thin or thick. Results: Statistically significant differences in gingival biotype was observed of both groups (p=0.005). Males were recorded with a higher percentage of thick gingiva in both groups (81% in smokeless tobacco and 65% in non-tobacco) while in females thick gingiva was more prevalent in smokeless tobacco group (85.7%) whereas thin gingiva was noted in non-tobacco group (66.7%); although the results between genders was statistically insignificant. The comparison between different age groups, genders and both groups was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Significant difference was observed between gingival biotype of smokeless tobacco and non-tobacco user groups. No statistically significant results were observed between genders and age groups. Keywords: Gingival biotype, smokeless tobacco, Continuous...

scholarly journals Association between sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status, and self-reported academic performance among dental students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Sunita Khanal ◽  
Sujita Shrestha ◽  
Rosina Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Methods Analytical

Background: Sleep is very important for normal functioning and overall development of the body for all. Information on association between sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status, and self-reported academic performance among dental students is not available in Nepal. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the association between sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status, and selfreported academic performance among dental students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among second year to final year students of Kantipur Dental College for a period of four months. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review committee of Kantipur Dental College before collecting the data. Convenience sampling was used. Data collection was done by using self administered, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire for assessing sleep quality. For assessing oral hygiene status, Greene and Vermillion OHI-S index was used. Academic performance was measured by the performance of the students in their previous university exam. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 and p <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Altogether 138 students participated in the study. Self-reported sleep quality was fairly good among 82 (59.4%) students but the actual sleep quality determined by PSQI was good among 92 (67 %) students. Mean hours of actual sleep of participants was 7 ± 1.52 hours. The association between sleeping patterns, academic performance, and oral hygiene status was found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The sleeping patterns, oral hygiene status and academic performance had no significant association.

scholarly journals Sex Predictability by Using Mandibular Canine Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-505
Author(s):  
Alok Atreya ◽  
Rijen Shrestha ◽  
Lujaw Ratna Tuladhar ◽  
Samata Nepal ◽  
Raju Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Canine Dimorphism

Background: Canines are known for their higher resistance to trauma and pathological alterations when compared to other teeth. Among all the teeth, canines show highest sexual dimorphism.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was commenced from January 2019 to April 2019 after the ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. The maximum mesio-distal widths of right and left mandibular canines and mandibular inter-canine arch width were measured on the cast with the help of a divider and digital vernier callipers. Mandibular canine index was calculated by dividing the mesio-distal width of each mandibular canine with inter-canine arch width. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21. Results: Sex predictability by using mandibular canine index in the present study showed poor sex predictability (57.5% - 62.5%).Conclusions: Sex determination should be done by other methods and mandibular canine index should be used cautiously in Nepalese population.Keywords: Canine dimorphism; forensic anthropology; forensic dentistry; forensic identification, sex determination.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Substance Use among Undergraduate Students in a Medical College of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (219) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramayan Kushwaha ◽  
Gajendra Prasad Rauniar ◽  
Bhawesh Koirala ◽  
Namita Kumari Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval

Introduction: The consumption of substances is a common practice among the medical students and their use might reduce educational and clinical performances as well as judgment of the students. This study aims to find out the prevalence of substance use among medical students in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences from 15th September 15th to December 15th 2018 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Ref: 1394/017). The study was conducted among 326 medical and dental students from first to fifth year by using the stratified sampling method. A self-reported questionnaire was developed which included types, frequency, duration, age to first use, and motives for the use of different substances. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5. Results: The prevalence of substance use among medical students of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences was 196 (61.4%) at 95% Confidence Interval (56.05-66.75%). Among substance use, the use of alcohol 190 (59.6%), tobacco 90 (28.2%), and marijuana 38 (11.9%) was more prevalent. One hundred forty four (45.2%) male students used more substances as compared to 52 (16.3%) female students. Fun sake or partying 131 (68.9%) was the main motivation of the students to use substances. Conclusions: The overall substance use among medical students was high compared to other studies. Alcohol was the most common substance misused by the student followed by tobacco and marijuana. Proper counseling and awareness programs about the potential risk of substances are recommended for the betterment of the students.

scholarly journals Morbidity Pattern in Psychiatric Ward in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
M Basnet ◽  
N Sapkota ◽  
S Limbu ◽  
DD Baral ◽  
N Rai
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Icd 10

 Introduction: Worldwide, the morbidity of psychiatric illnesses is on the rise. Quality in-patient services are a part of quality mental health services provision. Knowledge about the pattern of illness among patients admitted to the ward could help the service providers to plan better and provide better services. This study was undertaken to explore the clinico-demographic profile of patients admitted to psychiatric ward at BPKIHS..Material And Method: This is a hospital based retrospective and cross-sectional study. After ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee, the data of all patients admitted to Psychiatry Ward from 1st January 2007 to 31st December 2016 were collected from the data-base of Medical Records Section. The diagnoses were made according to the ICD-10 criteria. 3687 admissions were processed for the analysis.Results: Of the 3687 admissions, 2183(59.2%) were male and 1504 (40.8%) were female. The age range was 4-92 years with mean age of 32.4(±12.6) years. The majority of the admissions (62.5%) were from Sunsari (1159,31.4%) and surrounding districts (1147,31.1%). Mood disorders were the commonest diagnoses 1788(48.5%) followed by schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders 829(22.5%) and psychoactive substance use disorders 813(22.1). 92% of patients admitted were improved on discharge and three cases expired in the ward. Out of 3687 admissions, 957(26%) were readmissions.Conclusion: Mood disorders were the commonest diagnosis among the admitted patients. Outcome of hospital stay was good with 92% discharged in improved condition and only three mortalities in 10 years duration. Address seems to significantly affect the service utilization. J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017, Page: 15-21

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