scholarly journals GAS HYDRATES – HISTORY OF DISCOVERY

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
S. V. Goshovskyi ◽  
Oleksii Zurian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Research Institute

The literature sources dealing with the history of gas hydrate studies and discovery of possible existence of gas hydrate deposits in natural conditions were analyzed. They contain facts proving that within 1966 and 1969 the conditions for formation of hydrates in porous medium were researched at the Department of Gas and Gas Condensate Deposits Development and Exploitation of Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas. The first experiments were set up by the Ukraine-born Yurij F. Makogon, Department Assistant Professor. The results proved possibility of formation and stable existence of gas hydrates in earth’s crust and became a scientific substantiation of natural gas hydrate deposits discovery. In 1969 the exploitation of Messoyakha deposits in Siberia started and it was the first time when the natural gas was derived directly from hydrates. The same year that invention was officially recognized and registered. Following the comprehensive international expert examination the State Committee on Inventions and Findings of the USSR Council of Ministers assumed that the citizens of the USSR Yurij F. Makogon, Andrej A. Trofimuk, Nikolaj V. Cherskij and Viktor G. Vasilev made a discovery described as follows: “Experiments proved previously unknown ability of natural gas to form deposits in the earth’s crust in solid gas hydrate state under definite thermodynamic conditions (Request dated March 19, 1969)”. The authors were presented with diplomas on March 4, 1971. From then onwards the issue of natural gas hydrates existence was widely researched all around the world. In 1985 Yurij F. Makogon became a Professor. Since 1973 he was a head of the gas hydrate laboratory in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies. Within 1974–1987 he was a head of the gas hydrate laboratory in Oil and Gas Research Institute RAS. In 1992 he was invited by one of the largest universities of the USA to arrange modern laboratory for gas hydrate study. The laboratory was created in the Texas University, USA and in 1995 Yurij Makogon became its head. As far as interest in gas hydrates increases Yurij F. Makogon reports at 27 international congresses and conferences, gives lectures in 45 world leading universities, functions as an academic adviser and participates in different international programs on research and exploitation of gas hydrate deposits in USA, Japan and India. The heritage of the scientist includes 27 patents, eight monographs (four of them were translated and published in the USA and Canada) and more than 270 scientific articles.

The History of Gas Hydrates Studies: From Laboratory Curiosity to a New Fuel Alternative

2020 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Anatolii Kozhevnykov ◽  
Volodymyr Khomenko ◽  
Bao Chang Liu ◽  
Oleksandr Kamyshatskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Pashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

This paper is devoted to the history of exploration of sintezed and natural gas hydrate. Academic, engineering and energy periods of the history of gas hydrates studies are described. The most significant researches in this area are described. The main practical projects in the world for the study and production of gas hydrates are reviewed.

scholarly journals On the boundaries and zoning of the Caspian oil and gas province

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Yury A. Volozh ◽  
Vitaly A. Bykadorov ◽  
Mikhail P. Antipov ◽  
Tatiana N. Kheraskova ◽  
Irina S. Patina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Basin Modeling ◽  
Geological Exploration ◽  
History Of ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Gas Potential ◽  
Structural Boundary

Despite the long history of geological exploration and scientific research in the Caspian region many issues of its oil and gas geological zoning remain controversial, including justification the boundaries of oil and gas provinces at the ancient and young platforms: Pre-Caspian, Ciscaucasia-Mangyshlak and North-Ustyurt. This paper discusses problems of the ancient and young platforms sedimentary cover’s oil and gas zoning using the example of Pre-Caspian region. It is proposed to carry out oil and gas geological zoning of these regions with taking into account the types of the Earth’s crust sections and sedimentary cover’s hydrocarbon systems types, as well as the types of the main oil and gas complexes’ structures. The type of the Earth’s crust section is crucial upon identification oil and gas provinces boundaries; the type of hydrocarbon systems is in the foreground when identifying sub provinces; and the boundaries of oil and gas regions are determined by the main types of oil and gas complexes’ sections and structures. In the Pre-Caspian province three sub-provinces are identified and their oil and gas potential is characterized. The proposed boundaries of the province closely coincide with the distribution contours of the Kungur saliferous strata with considerable thickness (hundreds of meters). Due to the lack of a clear structural boundary between the Paleozoic hydrocarbon systems the Pre-Caspian and Volga-Ural oil and gas provinces are proposed to be considered as a single marginal-continental oil and gas mega-province. The obtained materials and conclusions can serve as a basis for basin modeling and hydrocarbon resources forecast’s refinement.

Situation of Natural Gas Hydrate Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Zhang Li ◽  
Men Hong Kun ◽  
Zhu Li Ming ◽  
Zhang Shu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Process ◽  
Research Situation ◽  
At Home

Natural Gas Hydrate has become a research focus at home and abroad at present. This paper expounds the concept of natural gas hydrate and its types. Analyze its study process and research situation, and make a brief description of its distribution, mining and related environmental problems by tracking the discovery history of gas hydrates. Then put forward the problems in instant need of solving and the key research contents.

scholarly journals Modern methods of development of marine gas hydrate deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
V. I. Bondarenko ◽  
I. A. Kovalevska ◽  
K. M. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Marine Gas Hydrate ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits

 In recent years, there has been a trend around the world towards a constant increase in the consumption of fuel and energy resources, in connection with this there is a significant increase in interest in non-traditional methods of extraction of various energy sources. For many countries, this issue is especially relevant, since the price of natural gas supplied from abroad is growing every year, which negatively affects the economy. Therefore, the need to modernize the structure of the oil and gas complexes and to improve the mechanism for the development of the energy segment, which is possible through the introduction and application of the latest gas hydrate technologies, which will provide an opportunity to obtain additional energy, is obvious.

The study of sclerotic phenomena in a horizontal pipeline during the flow of hydrocarbon gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-187
Author(s):  
V.Sh. Shagapov ◽  
N.G. Musakaev ◽  
R.R. Urazov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits

Based on the proposed mathematical model, a numerical study of sclerotic phenomena in a horizontal pipeline associated with sediments and gas hydrates on channel walls during the transportation of moist natural gas was carried out. Different conditions of gas transportation are considered: the pressure has a constant value at the inlet or outlet of the pipeline, or the pressure is constantly at both ends of the pipeline. The process of dissociation of gas hydrate deposits was studied when methanol was fed into the gas stream.

scholarly journals Prospects for gas hydrate technologies in natural gas shipping market.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Andrey Vitalievich Makagon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits

The article considers the modern problems and prospects of the development of technologies of transporting the natural gas by sea due to the fact that gas hydrate deposits are found on the bottom of Lake Baikal, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Okhotsk Sea. It has been stated that despite the proved gas hydrate deposits the fields have not been explored yet. Introducing the technology for transporting gas by sea in gas hydrate form is being substantiated. Comparative analysis of LNG, CNG and NGH technologies for sea transportation of natural gas proved that the transport component of the NGH technological chain has significant advantages over LNG and CNG technologies. The process of converting thermal energy of the ocean has been proposed to use for increasing the energy efficiency of methane production from subsea gas hydrate deposits in the gas hydrate cycle, which can save 10-15% of the produced methane for electricity generation. A schematic and technological solution of a gas production complex is presented, according to which carbon dioxide is introduced into the gas hydrate layer to extract methane from gas hydrates. To improve the kinetics of replacing methane with carbon dioxide in gas hydrates it is proposed to recycle a portion of CO2. Due to the specific and diversified geographic, economic, political and other conditions the conventional technologies for pipeline transportation of gas and LNG cannot fully meet the requirements of gas export and production projects. It has been inferred that NGH technology is most suitable for solving the problem of diversifying natural gas supplies from the Arctic regions, the Black Sea and in the development of offshore gas and oil fields.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of geological and thermobaric conditions for the gas hydrate deposits occurence in the Black Sea and the prospects for their development

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-408
Author(s):  
V. Bondarenko ◽  
K. Sai ◽  
M. Petlovanyi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Thermobaric Conditions ◽  
Gas Hydrate Deposits

The actuality has been revealed of the necessity to attract the gas hydrate depos- its of the Black Sea into industrial development as an alternative to traditional gas fields. This should be preceded by the identification and synthesis of geological and thermobaric peculiarities of their existence. It was noted that the gas hydrates formation occurs under certain thermobaric conditions, with the availability of a gas hydrate-forming agent, which is capable of hydrate formation, as well as a sufficient amount of water necessary to start the crystallization process. The gas hydrate accumulation typically does not occur in free space – in sea water, but in the massif of the sea bed rocks. The important role in the process of natural gas hydrates formation is assigned to thermobaric parameters, as well as to the properties and features of the geological environment, in which, actually, the process of hydrate formation and further hydrate accumulation occurs. It was noted that the source of formation and accumulation of the Black Sea gas hydrates is mainly catagenetic (deep) gas, but diagenetic gas also takes part in the process of gas hydrate deposits formation. The main component of natural gas hydrate deposits is methane and its homologs – ethane, propane, isobutane. The analysis has been made of geological and geophysical data and literature materials devoted to the study of the offshore area and the bottom of the Black Sea, as well as to the identification of gas hydrate deposits. It was established that in the offshore area the gas hydrate deposits with a heterogeneous structure dominate, that is, which comprises a certain proportion of aluminosilicate inclusions. It was noted that theBlack Sea bottom sediments, beginning with the depths of 500 – 600 m, are gassy with methane, and a large sea part is favourable for hydrate formation at temperatures of +8...+9oC and pressures from 7 to 20 MPa at different depths. The characteristics of gas hydrate deposits are provided, as well as requirements and aspects with regard to their industrialization and development. It is recommended to use the method of thermal influence on gas hydrate deposits, since, from an ecological point of view, it is the safest method which does not require additional water resources for its implementation, because water intake is carried out directly from the upper sea layers. A new classification of gas hydrate deposits with a heterogeneous structure has been developed, which is based on the content of rocks inclusions in gas hydrate, the classification feature of which is the amount of heat spent on the dissociation process.

EXPERIENCE, PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN CHINA AND TURKMENISTAN IN THE FIELDOF NATURAL GAS

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-329
Author(s):  
Y. JIA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Industrial Chain ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption

Since 2007, the use of natural gas in China depends on the import, and with an increase in natural gas consumption, gas imports are also constantly growing. In 2018, Chinas natural gas imports approached 100 billion cubic meters, which is 70 times more than in 2006. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the use of natural gas in China. Turkmenistan is Chinas main source of pipeline gas imports, and China is Turkmenistans largest exporter of natural gas. In the framework of the traditional model of oil and gas cooperation, China and Turkmenistan are facing such problems as the uniform content of cooperation, lack of close ties in the field of multilateral cooperation and slow progress in the development of the entire industrial chain. Cooperation between China and Central Asia in the field of oil and gas is increasingly affecting the nerves of other countries, except the five countries of Central Asia, but including Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Iran and other countries of the Middle East, Japan, South Korea, etc. and even the European Union and the USA. Despite the favorable trading environment for both parties, there are also problems in the domestic market of Turkmenistan and the risks of international competition.

scholarly journals Evaluation and re-understanding of the global natural gas hydrate resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Xiong-Qi Pang ◽  
Zhuo-Heng Chen ◽  
Cheng-Zao Jia ◽  
En-Ze Wang ◽  
He-Sheng Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Hydrate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Natural Gas Hydrate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recoverable Resources

AbstractNatural gas hydrate (NGH) has been widely considered as an alternative to conventional oil and gas resources in the future energy resource supply since Trofimuk’s first resource assessment in 1973. At least 29 global estimates have been published from various studies so far, among which 24 estimates are greater than the total conventional gas resources. If drawn in chronological order, the 29 historical resource estimates show a clear downward trend, reflecting the changes in our perception with respect to its resource potential with increasing our knowledge on the NGH with time. A time series of the 29 estimates was used to establish a statistical model for predict the future trend. The model produces an expected resource value of 41.46 × 1012 m3 at the year of 2050. The statistical trend projected future gas hydrate resource is only about 10% of total natural gas resource in conventional reservoir, consistent with estimates of global technically recoverable resources (TRR) in gas hydrate from Monte Carlo technique based on volumetric and material balance approaches. Considering the technical challenges and high cost in commercial production and the lack of competitive advantages compared with rapid growing unconventional and renewable resources, only those on the very top of the gas hydrate resource pyramid will be added to future energy supply. It is unlikely that the NGH will be the major energy source in the future.

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