Computerized occlusal forces analysis in complete dentures fabricated by additive and subtractive techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Mohamed Khaled Addas ◽  
Nasser M. Alqahtani ◽  
Nasser M. Al Ahmari ◽  
Mohammed A. Alfarsi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Force Difference

BACKGROUND: Fabrication of complete dentures by computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques are now common. Subtractive and Additive are the two principal CAD-CAM techniques used for this purpose. However, studies that evaluated the occlusal forces by CDs manufactured by these techniques are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To compare the occlusal forces in complete dentures fabricated by additive, subtractive and conventional techniques with different occlusal schemes, using computerized occlusal force analysis system [Tech-Scan III (T-scan III)]. METHODS: Three groups (Gr) were made on the basis of techniques of fabrication of CDs: Conventional CDs (CCD), Subtractive CDs (SCD), and Additive CDs (ACD). Each Group CDs were further divided into three sub groups based on occlusion schemes: bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO), lingualized occlusion (LO) and mono plane occlusion (MO). A total of 45 CDs were made: 15 in each group with 5 CDs of each occlusal scheme. For all samples, occlusal force analysis (percentage of occlusal force applied on the right and left sides of the arch, centralization of forces and percentage of maximum occlusal force) was done using computerized occlusal analysis system: T-scan III. Univariate regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to find the effects of the technique of fabrication and occlusion scheme over the occlusal forces (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The intergroup comparison revealed statistically significant differences (p< 0.01) in Right – Left side force difference, maximum bite force in CDs fabricated by various techniques and with different occlusion schemes. Though the effect of occlusion scheme was more than the technique of fabrication (according to effect size estimation). The maximum force difference between Right – Left side was observed in combination of CCD technique and MO scheme (36.88 ± 2.82 N). Furthermore, the maximum bite force was observed for SCD technique (89.14 ± 6.08 N) and LO scheme (92.17 ± 3.22 N). In comparison to ACD, the chances of centre of force out of ellipse was 2.53 time more in CCS and 0.75 times less in SCD techniques and in comparison to MO, the chances of out of ellipse was 0.298 times less in BBO and 0.396 times less in LO schemes, though these chances were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The digital CDs fabricated by subtractive technique were proved to be superior to additive technique in terms of occlusal force analysis on tested parameters. However, further research is needed on patients to determine the exact superiority of one technique over the other.

Clinical analysis of CAD-CAM milled and printed complete dentures using computerized occlusal force analyser

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Mohamed Khaled Addas ◽  
Nasser M. Alqahtani ◽  
Nasser M. Al Ahmari ◽  
Mohammed A. Alfarsi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Force Difference ◽  
Occlusal Bite Force

BACKGROUND: Digital complete dentures (CDs) by computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques (milling and three-dimensional (3-D) printing) have been evaluated clinically and provided satisfactory results. But clinical studies assessing occlusal forces by digital dentures are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To compare the occlusal force parameters in complete dentures (CDs) fabricated by milling, 3-D printing and conventional techniques having 3 commonly used occlusal schemes, using computerized occlusal force analysis system (Tech-Scan III- T-Scan III). METHODS: A total of 45 CDs were fabricated for 5 patients. Nine sets of CDs were made for each patient and were divided into 3 groups: Conventional CDs (CCD), Milled CDs (MCD), and 3-D printed CDs (3-DP CD). The CDs in each group were further divided into 3 sub-groups based on occlusion schemes – bilateral balanced (BBO), lingualized (LO) and mono plane (MP). Occlusal force analysis [percentage (%) of occlusal force applied on the right and left sides of the arch difference between them, centralization of forces and % of maximum occlusal/bite force] was done using computerized occlusal analysis system (T-Scan III) at the time of denture insertion. Univariate regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were performed (p< 0.05). RESULTS: The intergroup comparison of force distribution on right and left side in CDs fabricated by various techniques showed insignificant differences (p> 0.05) but statistically significant differences (p< 0.01) were found in Right – Left side force difference, maximum bite force % and centralization of forces. The maximum force difference on right and left side was observed CCD with MO (37.48 ± 1.03 N) and maximum occlusal-bite force % was observed for 3-DPCD with LO (95.40 ± 1.30 N). In comparison to 3-DP CD, the chances of centre of force out of ellipse (centralization of forces) was 3.36 and 2.15 times more in CCD and MCD techniques made CDs respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The occlusal parameters in CDs were affected by the fabrication techniques and occlusal schemes of CDs. The digital CDs retain adjusted occlusal schemes better and 3-DP CDs with BBO and LO occlusal schemes provided centralization of forces, better distribution and high maximum occlusal force % respectively.

scholarly journals REJUVENATING EDENTULISM USING CAD-CAM TECHNOLOGY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1243
Author(s):  
Suresh Kamble ◽  
◽  
Ajit Jankar ◽  
Pratiksha Somwanshi ◽  
Shirish Pawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

Edentulism has been a severe public health problem in industrialized countries due to aging and poor oral care. Design and fabrication of the complete dentures are mainly using conventional methods involving an enormous series of clinical and laboratory procedures. Edentulous patients have to make several visits to the clinic for the traditional fabrication of denture. Now the unceasing developments occur over several years. Present-day technological innovations allow the use of various systems with computer‑aided design/computer‑aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) technology to produce complete dentures has seen exponential growth. There are different manufacturing techniques of CAD-CAM complete denture like AvaDent, Wieland digital denture, Baltic denture, DENTC system. CAD-CAM technology requires only two appointments for the patient to get their complete removable denture. A reduction in clinical chair time also shortens the cost of care. The improved fit of the denture was because of fewer processing errors. It simplifies the re-manufacturing of lost/broken prostheses due to the digital storage of denture data. The pre-polymerized acrylic resin used by manufacturers for the fabrication of a denture base delivers excellent fit and strength when compared to conventionally processed bases. It doesnt show any polymerization shrinkage as there is a less residual monomer. Hence, it reduces the potential infections as fewer candida albicans attach to the denture bases. The motive of this article is to highlights the benefits of CAD-CAM technology over conventional denture fabrication.

scholarly journals Current Status of Digital Complete Dentures Technology

Prosthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
Aristeidis Villias ◽  
Hercules Karkazis ◽  
Stavros Yannikakis ◽  
Antonios Theocharopoulos ◽  
Nikitas Sykaras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Supporting Surface ◽  
Digital Workflow ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design

Fabrication of complete dentures (CDs) utilizing computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) methods has attracted a lot of attention. The purpose of this paper was to summarize current knowledge about digital CDs and the relevant technology, and to present the application of the new technology in a dental geriatrics case. Initially, some of the challenges regarding digitization of the oral mucosa as a supporting surface of the CDs’ intaglio surface are listed. Next, a brief introduction of the CAD software capabilities regarding CDs is presented. The latest CAM additive and subtractive techniques for CDs are following. Subsequently, the consecutive steps for the construction of a digital CD as part of the prosthodontic treatment of a 90-year-old ambulative female patient are presented. Finally, some considerations about the digital workflow in CD manufacturing are discussed. In conclusion, the new digital technology has clear advantages; however, implementation requires careful planning. The digital workflow is applicable and versatile.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF CAD/CAM FABRICATED DENTURES & ITS CORRELATION WITH SURFACE PROPERTIES: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 486-497
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Abuheikal ◽  
◽  
Sherihan M. Eissa ◽  
Hisham S. El Gabry ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques have lately become a popular treatment option for complete dentures fabrication. The two principal CAD-CAM techniques milling and 3D printing used in complete dentures construction have been approved and documented in showing clinically good results. Surface characteristics of dentures fabricated by these new techniques have a great effect on microbiological adherence to denture fitting surfaces. Aim: As other clinical trials and/or in-vitro studies evaluating the microbiological effect and its correlation with the surface roughness of the two advanced manufacturing techniques and comparing it with the conventional technique are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to further assess the microbiological and surface properties of different widely used denture base materials. Methodology: Thirty-six completely edentulous patients were selected and divided randomly into three groups Group I patients received conventional complete denture, Group II patients received CAD/CAM milled complete dentures and Group III patients received 3D printed complete dentures. All denture`s surface roughness were evaluated, also all patients were recalled after 3, 9 & 12 months respectively to evaluate the microbiological adherence. Results: Microbiological count significantly increased (P < 0.05) after 12 months in all groups, after 12 months there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between three groups as group II (Milled) was significantly the lowest, then the group I (conventional), while group III (3D printed) was significantly the highest. Regarding surface roughness of group II (milled) was significantly the lowest, while group III (3D printed) was significantly the highest. Finally, there was a strong positive significant correlation between microbiological adherence and surface roughness in all groups as (r > 0.5). Conclusion: Group II (Milled) appeared to be the best regarding microbiological adherence and surface roughness followed by the group I (conventional) and finally group III (3D printed). Furthermore, it was evident that surface roughness has a great effect on microbiological adherence regardless of the fabrication technique utilized.

scholarly journals Aplicabilidade dos sistemas CAD/CAM em Prótese Total: revisão de literatura

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Costa Tavares ◽  
Julliana Cariry Palhano Freire ◽  
Stéphanie Cariry Palhano Freire ◽  
Eduardo Dias-Ribeiro ◽  
André Ulisses Dantas Batista
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Residual Monomer ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Dent Assoc

Introdução: A tecnologia CAD/CAM possui múltiplas aplicações protéticas, incluindo a prótese total. Objetivos: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a aplicabilidade dos sistemas CAD/CAM na fabricação de próteses totais, a fim de elucidar as propriedades das próteses confeccionadas através dessa tecnologia e as características desse sistema. Metodologia: A busca por artigos científicos que contemplassem o tema foi realizada através das bases de dados PUBMED e SCIELO, sem restrição de período. Foi feita a análise dos títulos e resumos e em seguida o acesso ao texto completo. Resultados: Dentre as características do sistema CAD/CAM, os estudos citaram menor necessidade de consultas e tempo clínico. É preciso conhecimento da tecnologia pelo cirurgião-dentista e o maior custo laboratorial é uma das desvantagens de sua utilização. Quanto às propriedades, observa-se a redução da rugosidade e porosidade, assim como da adesão de Candida albicans à base da prótese e teor de monômero residual. Maior dureza de superfície é verificada em comparação com as próteses totais convencionais. Conclusão: Menor número de consultas e tempo clínico são características do uso do sistema CAD/CAM em prótese total. Maior dureza da prótese e redução da rugosidade, porosidade, adesão de C. albicanse do teor de monômero residual são propriedades que as próteses totais apresentam quando confeccionadas por essa tecnologia.Descritores: Odontologia; Prótese Total; Projeto Auxiliado por Computador.ReferênciasAlbero A, Pacual A, Camps I, Grau-Benitez M. Comparative characterization of a novel cad-cam polymer-infiltrated-ceramic-network. J Clin Exp Dent. 2015;7(4):e495-500.Janeva N, Kovacevska G, Janev E. Complete Dentures Fabricated with CAD/CAM Technology and a Traditional Clinical Recording Method. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2017;5(6):785-89.Baba NZ, Alrumaih HS, Goodacre BJ, Goodacre CJ.  Current   techniques  in  CAD/CAM  denture fabrication. Gen Dent. 2016;64(6):23-8.Alamari MR. The influence of polishing techniques on pre-polymerized CAD/CAM acrylic resin denture bases. Electronic Physician. 2017;9(10):5452-58.Steinmassl PA, Klaunzer F, Steinmassi O, Dumfahrt H, Grunert I. Evaluation of Currently Available CAD/CAM Denture Systems. Int J Prosthodont. 2017;30(2):116-22.de Mendonça AF, Furtado de Mendonça M, White GS, Sara G, Littlefair D. Total CAD/CAM Supported Method for Manufacturing Removable Complete Dentures. Case Reports in Dentistry. 2016;2016:1259581.Mclaughlin JB, Ramos VJr. Complete denture fabrication with CAD/CAM record bases. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;114(4):493-97.Schweiger J, Guth JF, Edelhoff D, Stumbaum J. Virtual evaluation for CAD-CAM-fabricated complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent. 2017;117(1):28-33.Liu PR, Essig ME. Panorama of dental CAD/CAM restorative systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2008; 29:482, 4, 6-8 passim.Giordano R. Materials for chairside CAD/CAM-produced restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137(Suppl):14S-21S.Bilgin MS, Baytaroglu EN, Erdem A, Dilber E. A review of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture techniques for removable denture fabrication. European Journal of Dentistry. 2016;10(2):286-91.Maeda Y, Minoura M, Tsutsumi S, Okada M, Nokubi T. A CAD/CAM system for removable denture. Part I: Fabrication of complete dentures. Int J Prosthodont. 1994;7:17–21.Di Giacomo GA, Cury PR, de Araujo NS, Sendyk WR, Sendyk CL. Clinical application of stereolithographic surgical guides for implant placement: Preliminary results. J Periodontol. 2005;76:503–7.Ucar Y, Akova T, Aysan I. Mechanical properties of polyamide versus different PMMA denture base materials. J Prosthodont. 2012;21(3):173–6.Lee HJ, Kim CW, Kim YS. The level of residual monomer in injection molded denture base materials. J Korean Acad Prosth. 2003;41(3):360–8.Kattadiyil MT, Goodacre CJ, Baba NZ. CAD/CAM complete dentures: a review of two commercial fabrication systems. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2013;41(6):407–16.Consani RLX, Pucciarelli MGR, Mesquita MF, Nogueira MC, Barao VA. Polymerisation cycles on hardness and surface gloss of denture base. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev. 2014;2014:1–6.Nakayama M, Takagi N. Methods for manufacturing dental resin block. US:2016.Murakami N, Wakabayashi N, Matsushima R, Kishida A, Igarashi Y. Effect of high-pressure polymerization on mechanical properties of PMMA denture base resin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2013;20:98-104.Al-Fouzan AF, Al-Mejarad Lamya A, Albarrag AM. Adherence of Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: A comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM complete dentures. J Adv Prosthodont. 2017;9(5):402-8.Digholkar S, Madhav VN, Palaskar J. Evaluation of the flexural strength and microhardness of provisional crown and bridge materials fabricated by different methods. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2016;16(4):328-34.Ayman AD. The residual monomer content and mechanical properties of CAD\CAM resins used in the fabrication of complete dentures as compared to heat cured resins. Electron Physician. 2017;9(7):4766-72.

scholarly journals DIGITAL OCCLUSAL ANALYSIS AND ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS WITH 3D PRINTED COMPLETE DENTURES VERSUS CONVENTIONAL DENTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
Hisham S.El Gabry ◽  
◽  
Sherihan M. Eissa ◽  
Mohamed A. Abuheikal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Group I ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Edentulous Patients

Background: 3D printed complete dentures fabrication with computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques is becoming popular nowadays. However, studies that analyzed the occlusal forces distribution using recent digital methods as T-scan III and further evaluated the dentures effect on patient`s life quality were lacking. Objectives: Evaluation of the occlusal forces distribution using T-scan III, and evaluation of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP-EDEN) questionnaire for 3D printed complete dentures and comparing it with conventional denture fabrication techniques. Methods: Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected and divided randomly into two equal groups according to manufacturing technique group I (patients who received conventional complete dentures), and group II (patients who received 3D printed complete dentures). For all patients, occlusal force analysis (percentage of applied occlusal force on both sides) was performed using the T-Scan III (digital occlusal analysis system). Also, OHRQoL was assessed using (OHIP-EDENT) questionnaire. Results: In the digital occlusal analysis, comparison between right and left sides regarding occlusal forces distribution revealed a significant difference in group I (conventional denture), while in group II (3D printed denture), it revealed an insignificant difference. Regarding, OHIP-EDENT patients in group I (conventional denture) revealed higher scores than group II (3D printed dentures). Also, the correlation between occlusal forces & (OHIP-EDENT) scores revealed a strong negative significant correlation. Conclusions: The 3D printed complete dentures fabricated using CAD/CAM technology proved to be more superior over conventional methods in terms of digital occlusal force analysis and Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP-EDENT). However, further studies are required on more patients to decide the exact superiority of one technique over the other after long-term follow-up periods.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Thickness Combinations of Core and Veneer Ceramics on Optical Properties of CAD-CAM Glass-Ceramics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wol Kang ◽  
Jong-Kyoung Park ◽  
Woong-Chul Kim ◽  
Hae-Young Kim ◽  
Ji-Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Core Material ◽  
The Core ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of different core and veneer thicknesses on the translucency (T%), average light transmittance (T), translucency parameter (TP), contrast ratio (CR), and spectral reflectance (R) of glass-ceramics using a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) process. In all, 42 specimens (11mm × 11mm) were prepared and divided into six groups (n = 7 for each group). Core materials (IPS e.max CAD; IPS Empress CAD, LT A2 shade) of different thicknesses (0.8, 1.0, and 1.2mm) were fabricated. Each veneer material (thicknesses of 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3mm) was combined with its compatible core ceramic. Each core material was overlapped with its corresponding veneer material to obtain a 1.5-mm thickness by using three different combinations: (0.8+0.7), (1.0+0.5), and (1.2+0.3) mm. A spectrophotometer and color data software were used to measure the T%, T, TP, CR, and R values of each ceramic. The results were statistically analyzed using two-way analysis of variables (ANOVA) and regression analysis (p<0.05). Two-way ANOVA revealed that T%, T, TP, and CR were significantly influenced by the different thicknesses of the core-veneer combinations (p<0.001). At a certain thickness, as the veneer thickness increased and core thickness decreased, T and T% all increased. Regression analysis of the ceramic materials indicated a reduction in T and T% for certain core-veneer combinations. Analysis also revealed that T% and T were all affected by different core-veneer combinations. The T% value was 74.31 for the EM group and 72.81 for the EP group when the thickness of the core was 1.2 mm and the veneer was 0.3 mm. The R value of EM2 was lower than EM1 and EM3. In conclusion, the optical properties were influenced by different core-veneer combinations.

scholarly journals Eighteen Months Follow-Up with Patient-Centered Outcomes Assessment of Complete Dentures Manufactured Using a Hybrid Nanocomposite and Additive CAD/CAM Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Marilena Cristache ◽  
Eugenia Eftimie Totu ◽  
Gabriela Iorgulescu ◽  
Aida Pantazi ◽  
Dorel Dorobantu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Edentulous Patients

The present study aimed to assess the eighteen month follow-up patient-centered outcomes of a simple and predictable protocol for 3D-printed functional complete dentures manufactured using an improved poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–nanoTiO2. A detailed morphological and structural characterization of the PMMA–TiO2 nanocomposite, using SEM, EDX, XRD, and AFM, after 3D-printing procedure and post-wearing micro-CT, was also performed. Methods: A total of 35 fully edentulous patients were enrolled in this prospective study. A 0.4% TiO2-nanoparticle-reinforced PMMA composite with improved mechanical strength, morphologically and structurally characterized, was used according to an additive computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) protocol for complete denture fabrication. The protocol proposed involved a three-step appointment process. Before denture insertion, 1 week, 12 month, and 18-month follow up patients were evaluated via the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS, 0–10) and Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients (OHIP-EDENT), with a higher score meaning poor quality of life. Results: A total of 45 complete denture sets were inserted. OHIP-EDENT scored significantly better after 18 months of denture wearing, 20.43 (±4.42) compared to 52.57 (±8.16) before treatment; mean VAS was improved for all parameters assessed. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, we can state that the proposed workflow with the improved material used is a viable treatment option for patients diagnosed with complete edentulism.

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