scholarly journals Profiles of antimicrobial resistance of enterobacteria isolated at livestock enterprises of the Ural region

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Anna Krivonogova ◽  
Al'bina Isaeva ◽  
Ol'ga Sokolova ◽  
Kseniya Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Bactericidal Efficacy ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Usual Pattern

Abstract. A study of the antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria of the genus Enterobacter, selected at regional dairy enterprises, was carried out. The purpose of this work was to assess the phenotypic resistance profiles of Enterobacter spp. in the loci of fermenal microbiocenoses related to milk production. Research methodology and methods. In the course of the work carried out, milk, mammary gland secretions, and udder washes from cows at dairy cattle breeding enterprises located in different districts of the Ural region were examined. The phenotypic resistance of Enterobacter spp. Isolates was analyzed to 10 antibacterial drugs: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ofloxacin, meropenem, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, ampicillin, rifampicin. Results. Average sensitivity values of Enterobacter spp. for all surveyed enterprises were at the level of 2.0–3.3 conventional units (at maximum = 4) to target antibiotics, and at the level of 2.0–2.1 conventional units to non-target antibiotics. The highest bactericidal efficacy was found in fluoroquinolones, the lowest in doxycycline and chloramphenicol. For individual enterprises, the average resistance profile included good sensitivity to 3–4 antibiotics, reduced to 4–5 and resistance to 1–2 antibiotics. The main conclusion is that in eight surveyed enterprises, the usual pattern was the resistance of isolates or their low sensitivity to several antibiotics of different classes, which indicates an unfavorable situation with AMR. Scientific novelty. The results obtained in the course of the work performed made it possible to assess the current and actual levels of resistance of Enterobacter spp. Isolates inhabiting those loci of fermenal microbiocenoses that are directly related to milk production.

scholarly journals Mapping quantitative trait loci controlling milk production in dairy cattle by exploiting progeny testing.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 907-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Georges ◽  
D Nielsen ◽  
M Mackinnon ◽  
A Mishra ◽  
R Okimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Autosomal Microsatellites

Abstract We have exploited "progeny testing" to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the genetic variation of milk production in a selected dairy cattle population. A total of 1,518 sires, with progeny tests based on the milking performances of > 150,000 daughters jointly, was genotyped for 159 autosomal microsatellites bracketing 1645 centimorgan or approximately two thirds of the bovine genome. Using a maximum likelihood multilocus linkage analysis accounting for variance heterogeneity of the phenotypes, we identified five chromosomes giving very strong evidence (LOD score > or = 3) for the presence of a QTL controlling milk production: chromosomes 1, 6, 9, 10 and 20. These findings demonstrate that loci with considerable effects on milk production are still segregating in highly selected populations and pave the way toward marker-assisted selection in dairy cattle breeding.

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN THE YAROSLAVL REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
А.В. КОНОВАЛОВ ◽  
А.А. АЛЕКСЕЕВ ◽  
М.В. АБРАМОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Farms

Рассмотрена динамика производства молока в сельскохозяйственных организациях Ярославской области с 2015 по 2019 год. Проведено разделение на группы предприятий по надою молока от 1 коровы. Рассмотрены проблемы малых и средних ферм. Выявлен устойчивый рост валового надоя молока. В 2019 году он составил 292 тыс. т (+16,8% к уровню 2015 г.), что обусловлено увеличением среднегодового надоя на 1 корову до 6967 кг. Наибольший рост продуктивности отмечен в группе хозяйств с надоем от 6001 до 8000 кг (29,4%), что определено комплексным подходом к совершенствованию ведения молочного скотоводства и укреплением кормовой базы. Выявлена положительная тенденция увеличения доли вегетативных траншейных кормов I и II класса, которая в 2019 году составила 66% и возросла на 20 п.п. по сравнению с 2015 годом. Анализ породного состава молочного скота в регионе показал увеличение доли высокопродуктивных пород в племенных хозяйствах с 16,5% в 2015 году до 26,0% в 2019 году. Интенсивное использование животных приводит к ранней выбраковке коров в возрасте 3,07 отела и снижению среднего возраста стад до 2,43 отела. Дальнейший рост производства молока в регионе возможен при решении комплекса задач по оптимизации породного состава молочного скота, совершенствованию производственных систем в малых и средних сельскохозяйственных предприятиях, повышению уровня кормления и улучшению условий содержания скота. The dynamics of milk production in agricultural organizations of the Yaroslavl region in the period from 2015 to 2019 is considered, the grouping of enterprises by milk yield is carried out, the problems of small and medium-sized farms are emphasized, a steady increase of milk production was revealed, which in 2019 amounted to 292 thousand tons (+16.8% compared to 2015), which is due to an increase in the average annual milk yield per cow to 6967 kg. The greatest increase in productivity was observed in the group of farms with milk yield from 6001 to 8000 kg (+29.37%). This is determined by a comprehensive approach to improving the management of dairy cattle and strengthening the feed base. During the study period, a positive trend was revealed to increase the share of vegetative feeds of class I and II quality, which in 2019 amounted to 66% and increased by 20 p.p. compared to 2015. Analysis of the breed composition of dairy cattle in the region showed an increase in the share of highly productive breeds in breeding farms from 16.5% in 2015 to 26.0% in 2019. At the same time, intensive use of animals leads to an earlier cull of cows at the age of 3.07 calving and a decrease in the average age of herds by 6.5%, which is 2.43 calving. Further growth of milk production in the region is possible when solving a set of tasks to optimize the breed composition of dairy cattle, improve production systems, in small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, increase the level of feeding and improve the conditions of keeping livestock.

The development potential of Russian cattle breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chinarov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lost Potential

Production intensification at Russian cattle breeding was accompanied by negative trends in herd reproduction. Over a ten-year period, the productivity of the controlled dairy herd (more than 1.6 million heads) increased by 51.9%, and the average age of cows culling decreased from 5.3 to 4.6 years, which was the result of reduction in the period of animals productive use by 18.1%. Ignoring these objective processes and the lack of due attention to the breeding of cattle breeds with a higher productive longevity has led to the fact that at many herds of our country even simple reproduction is not provided. Repairing of the main herd is largely provided by purchased heifers, most of which are imported. The annual import volumes of breeding heifers increased by 81% and reached 72.6 thousand heads in 2019. At the same time, the import of bull semen is increasing, mainly (93.5%) of the Holstein breed from the USA, where the breeding with a limited number of bulls has been carried out for several decades, which is a consequence of the genetic weakening of the offspring and becomes the main cause of early cows culling. As a result, the number of cows at Russian dairy cattle breeding has decreased by 33.9% for ten years, the productivity at all categories of farms has increased only by 24.2% that led to reduction of milk production by 555 thousand tons. This process has not yet become irreversible, and the restoration of the lost potential at domestic cattle breeding is possible due to development of the breeding base of zoned cattle breeds.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: EXPERIENCE OF DAIRY FARMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1599
Author(s):  
G.U. Akimbekova ◽  
◽  
A.B. Baimukhanov ◽  
U.R. Kaskabaev ◽  
D.V. Serdobintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the economic efficiency of the use of innovative technologies in dairy farms, in particular, the technology of keeping calves on the example of three dairy farms containing 1000 or more dairy cows (AIC “Adal” JSC, Aidarbayev farm, LLP “Agrofirm“ Dinara-Ranch “of the Almaty region), which made it possible to determine the development potential of these farms, to give an economic assessment of the level of production. The presented calculation of the economic efficiency of model farms for the dairy industry of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan made it possible to ensure a reasonable transfer and adaptation of technologies for the automation of technological processes for the production of livestock products in dairy cattle breeding in Kazakhstan, which will contribute to the achievement of goals, objectives and indicators as part of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021 Reducing the volume of milk production and the level of its consumption is a technological backwardness, since the share of dairy farms using modern technologies and equipment is 10-15% of their total number. In addition, the equipment of new and reconstructed dairy complexes and farms does not always correspond to modern technological requirements for keeping and feeding highly productive livestock. As a result, their biological potential is far from being fully realized, which negatively affects the provision of the population with milk and dairy products of domestic production. Taking into account the long duration of the reproduction cycle and the low rate of capital turnover in dairy cattle breeding, the introduction of innovations occurs in the sub-industry with some delay compared to other sub-sectors (pig and poultry farming). One of the tools for modernizing dairy farming in the current conditions is the introduction of modern digital, information and intelligent technologies (artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and the industrial Internet). Their implementation can turn milk production into a high-tech business, increase labor productivity due to the emergence of super-productive animal breeds, solutions for accelerated selection; high quality feed and veterinary drugs; innovative delivery services.

scholarly journals Geographical Distribution of Dairy Cattle in Boyolali

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Priyana ◽  
Soenarso Simoen ◽  
Suyono Suyono
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Research Site ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Cattle Breeders

The researcch about the geographic distribution of diary cattle breeders, is held in Subdistrict of Selo, Cepogo, Musuk, Boyolali, Mojosongo, Teras, and Banyudono, Boyolali regency. This research aims to investigate potential areas for dairy attle breeding and the physical factors (availability of groundwater, average temperature, altitude, accesibility) that contribute most to the density of cattle in the research site. In addition, it investigates the differences m water supply for dairy cattle breeding and the ratio of income to cost at every morphological units as well as the effect of the amount of water supply on milk production and the effect of the Ca content of groundwater on the density of dairy cattle. The methods use in the research is survey method. The data colleted in the research consist of 200 primary data of the respondents taken from head of dairy cattle breeders families using a questionnare. Secondary data are obtained from related agencies, reference books and other authorized source dealing with the research yopic. In order to find out the differences in water supply for dairy cattle breeding and the ratio of income to cost, a statistical measurenment with Anova test is carried out. A multiple regression test is used to find out the effects of the availability of groundwater, altitude, average temperature, and accesibility on the density of dairy cattle. A simple regression test is used to find out the effects of water supply on milk producctin and the Ca sontent of groundwater on the density of dairy cattle.The result of the research indicate that the research  site consist of four morphological units, namely the Volcanic slope, Volcanic foot, fluvio Volcanic foot, fluvio volcanic plain. The potential areas for dairy cattle breeding are situated at an altitude of 700 meters, temperature 17o C – 21o C especially the areas in the subdistrict of Selo and Cepogo. The result of the statistical test indicate that the most differences in the amount of water supply for dairy attle breeding as well as in the rasio between income and cost among morphological units. Water supply for dairy cattle breeding has no effect on milk production, whereas the Ca content of groundwater has no effect on the density of dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Economic aspects of efficient milk production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
I. Svynous ◽  
D. Mykytyuk ◽  
A. Semysal
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The article considers the issues of increasing the efficiency of dairy production in agricultural enterprises and households. The main stages and their features in dairy farming development of the country and their impact on the efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises and households were highlighted. The reasons which cause decrease of cow livestock in both agricultural enterprises and households were identified. The inhibitory factors in the development of dairy cattle breeding were identified and the directions of its revival were outlined. It was substantiated that considering the current state and trends of dairy farming in Ukraine, its efficiency, government support measures should be aimed at increasing production mainly in farms of the corporate sector of the agricultural economy, which in the nearest future will become major producers of raw milk. It was determined that without the introduction of an effective system of government support for milk producers, which firstly will include the restoration of the special VAT regime, financing of dairy breeding revival at the state and regional level, it is impossible to have positive changes in increasing cows amount and increasing production efficiency, in addition the population of cows will continue to fall in the households. It is proved that today the system of breeding service, which was previously in Ukraine and allowed to conduct breeding at the appropriate level, is destroyed and does not work. It was concluded that further productivity growth and reproduction of animal’s livestock is extremely problematic due to the lack of a modern selection system in animal husbandry. It was established that the current level of profitability allows to ensure only simple reproduction in independent agricultural enterprises, mostly small and medium.It is true that in this situation, most farms in the corporate sector of the agricultural economy are trying to become part of vertically integrated structures of preserving and expanding their production activities on a qualitatively new material and technical base in the future.It was proved that the innovative type of dairy cattle breeding development will ensure the profitability of production and, accordingly, the growth of the income level of rural residents who are the employees of an agricultural enterprise. Measures of state and regional support of milk production in Ukraine were offered. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, agricultural enterprises, households, government support, milk processing plant.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO INCREASE MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
H.A. Amerkhanov ◽  
L.A. Zernaeva ◽  
O.V. Lastochkina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
State Support ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Technological Modernization ◽  
Main Factors

In Russia, the negative tendency to decrease the volume of milk production has been overcome, and in recent years, the stabilization of production and its gradual growth have been achieved. In terms of reducing the number of cows, the main factors that ensure this trend are an increase in the indicator of milk productivity through technological modernization in dairy cattle breeding and the completion of new complexes and farms with highly productive cattle, the improvement of genetic potential – production of dairy cattle, the provision of state support for the produced and sold products, subject to the achievement of the established indicator of milk productivity.

scholarly journals Biomass Energy Technologies from Innovative Dairy Farming Systems

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Wacław Romaniuk ◽  
Kamila Mazur ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Andrzej Borusiewicz ◽  
Witold Jan Wardal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
High Level

Modern and innovative dairy cattle breeding technologies are highly dependent on the level of mechanization. This article presents modern solutions for dairy cattle breeding, in particular, for livestock buildings, in which longitudinal development is possible in accordance with the farm’s needs as well as with obtaining additional energy from biogas and post-ferment for granulated organic fertilizer. In the analysed technology for milk production, methane fermentation, biogas yield, and the possibility of fertilizer production in the form of granules are considered. The presented modular cattle breeding technology includes sustainable production, which is economic; environmentally friendly, with preconditions in the facility including animal welfare; and socially acceptable, resulting from a high level of mechanization, which ensures both comfortable working conditions and high milk quality. The presented production line is an integral part of the milk production process with the possibility of organic fertilizer being used in the production of healthy food.

scholarly journals Substantiation of innovation-oriented development strategy of agricultural enterprises for milk production

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
I. Paska ◽  
Yu. Grinchuk ◽  
V. Radko ◽  
K. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

The article is devoted to the strategies of innovation-oriented development of agricultural enterprises for milk production taking into account the variability of the external and internal environment of their operation. It is proved that the definition of prospects for the development of dairy farming should be based on a strategic approach that allows the most adequate way to respond to the challenges of a dynamic changing environment. It is established that the development of dairy farming can be attributed to the fourth technological way, which provides full mechanization of production processes, but due to its specificity it develops on the basis of a combination of different technological ways: intensive-technocratic, natural-innovative and natural. The results of the analysis of the development of dairy farming are contradictory, because, on the one hand - the natural indicators of production efficiency are increasing, and on the other - the prerequisites for the creation of internal reserves of expanded reproduction are absent. It is calculated that despite the existing positive trends (growth of cow productivity, milk sales prices), the dynamics of the increase in production costs, which occur against the background of declining cattle, including cows, offsets positive changes in economic performance of the industry and agricultural producers. It is argued that the effective development of agricultural enterprises for milk production in the near strategic perspective is possible only if the negative trends are overcome. The constituent elements of the strategy of innovation-oriented development of dairy farming have been developed, which provides for technical and technological renewal of the production potential of agricultural enterprises and the introduction of IT technologies in the management system. Strategic models of dairy cattle breeding development are substantiated: preservation of existing development tendencies, which will be dominated by milk and beef production in private farms with preservation of extensive type of management; priority of milk farms development; priority is the development of large innovation-oriented agricultural enterprises with simultaneous state stimulation of the cooperative form of milk production by farmers and private farms. The components of the innovation-oriented strategy of dairy farming development are systematized, which envisages strengthening the fodder base, increasing the level of animal feeding, introducing complex mechanization and automation of production processes and transferring the industry to the latest technologies, using high-yielding, specialized livestock breeds. wages. Key words: dairy cattle breeding, development strategy, strategic planning, IT technologies, innovations.

scholarly journals The question of structural changes in the territorial location of milk production in the Leningrad Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 (9) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Regional Localization ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Territorial Structure

Abstract. Modern features of the territorial structure of milk production in a separate region are considered. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of dairy cattle breeding in the Leningrad region in the territorial aspect for 2008–2018. The main method of research was economic and statistical analysis of data and their comparative evaluation. Results. The specificity of quantitative and qualitative changes in milk production by category of farms has been revealed. In the context of municipal districts of the Leningrad region, they were grouped depending on the growth rate (decrease) in the volume of milk produced in farms of all categories in 2018 compared to 2008. Adverse trends in the development of dairy cattle breeding in agricultural organizations of the region were noted, as their share in milk production decreased in 13 municipal districts of the Leningrad region. Changes in the volume of state support for the dairy cattle industry in the region in the territorial aspect for the specified period were determined. It is revealed that, despite the subsidies in milk production, increased its intra-regional localization. As a result, in 2018, more than 50 % of the volume of regional milk production was provided by only 4 districts of the Leningrad region. In the remaining 13 districts, there are no prerequisites for employment and rural development, and the reduction in milk production in rural areas has reached 48.3 %. The necessary measures are proposed to smooth out the territorial unevenness in milk production as a condition for overcoming the depressiveness of rural development. The scientific novelty of the study is to assess the nature of the emerging territorial features of the placement of milk production in the Leningrad region and its intraregional differentiation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document