Production and Characterization of Coffee Husk Fuel Briquettes as an Alternative Energy Source

Biomass energy accounts for more than 92 percent of overall energy consumption in Ethiopia. As a result, Ethiopia is one of the world’s most biomass-dependent countries. The high reliance on wood fuels and agricultural residues for fuel harms society’s social, economic, and environmental well-being. This study aims to create and test the quality of fuel briquettes made from the coffee husk. Also built and produced are a carboniser/charcoal kiln, a manually operated molder system, and a briquette stove for burning the manufactured briquette. The carboniser converts 15 kg of raw coffee husk into 6 kg of carbonised char in 25 minutes, and the manually operated briquette molder can press 30 kg per hour. The efficiency of converting raw coffee husk into carbonised char content was 40.12%. In the geological survey of Ethiopia, the geochemical laboratory directorate received triplicate samples of the fuel briquette charcoal for analysis. Moisture content, fixed carbon content, ash content, sulfur content, and calorific value were determined using a bomb calorimeter and a ceramic lining furnace. Physical properties of fuel briquettes ranged from 10.03% moisture content, 970 kg/m3 density, 81% fixed carbon, 5.15% ash content, 0% sulfur, and 30.54 Kcal/kg higher heating value, according to laboratory results. The results of the study revealed that the coffee husk fuel briquettes produced have more positive characteristics. Fuel briquettes were cost-effective and environmentally friendly and reduced deforestation compared to firewood. This study clearly shows that briquettes made from coffee husk could be used as an alternative energy source when this kind of waste is well managed.

Social Network Relationships between Biomass Industry Stakeholders in the Agricultural Waste Power Generation Industry—A Case of Northern Jiangsu, China

This study aimed to explore the impact of the interaction between stakeholders in the sustainable development of the biomass industry and to reveal network issues relating to material flow and information flow under the current biomass energy development model. This study focused on the agriculture and forestry waste power generation industry. Taking the biomass industry in Nanjing, Suqian, and Yancheng as examples, the study selected six stakeholder groups involved in the industry and conducted field investigations by using semi-open interviews and questionnaires. The research mainly applied social network analysis methods, combined with UCINET software, to draw a network diagram of the stakeholder relationships and to quantitatively analyze stakeholder centrality and overall network density. The results revealed that (1) the biomass enterprises had the highest centrality in the overall network, which played a vital role in the construction of the overall network; (2) the farmers were positioned at the outer fringes of the industrial social network and their information acquisition capabilities and degree of control over the network were the lowest; and (3) the overall network density was low, which showed that the connections between stakeholders were not close enough to support the circulation of material and information in the overall network.

Use Of Sugarcane Biomass In Brazil

Recently, the use of biomass energy has been growing worldwide on an accelerated trajectory, with the prospect of staying among the main renewable energy sources for the coming decades, along with wind and solar energy. Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane on the planet and the second-largest producer of ethanol. But in addition to sugar, first-generation ethanol, and vinasse (for ferti-irrigation), other by-products and process residues from the plants (such as bagasse, filter cake, vinasse, straw, and sugarcane tip) can be used for the production of thermal and electric energies and also second-generation ethanol and biogas fuels. In this context, this paper presents the current scenario of sugarcane biomass in Brazil, discussing issues involving the use of sugar-alcohol by-products for bioenergy and biofuel production. Furthermore, a study on the reuse of sugarcane bagasse fibers for the production of eco-composite material is also presented. Finally, the concepts of biomass energy are described from a bibliographic survey and the previous experiences of the authors.

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Biomass Energy Consumption on Pollution in BRICS Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

The relationship between foreign direct investment and carbon emissions in the BRICS (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China, and South Africa) countries for 1992–2017 is investigated in this study. Biomass energy consumption and per capita income variables are also added to the model as additional determinants of pollution. To test the pollution haven hypothesis, panel fixed-effects and random-effects models are employed. The findings show that an N-shaped association exists between foreign direct investment and CO2 in BRICS countries. In addition, the empirical results also suggest that there is both an inverted-U and an inverted-N-shaped connection between income and pollution. Finally, the quadratic fixed-effects model results imply that biomass energy consumption has significant contribution to environmental degradation in these countries. When the results are interpreted, BRICS countries are suggested to provide more incentives to renewable energy sources and accelerate the development of the green energy system to attract clean resources and prevent environmental degradation.

Micro-Grid Planning and Resilience Within Bulk System Planning and Operation

Micro grid is widely used in real worlds for advanced forecasting and demand response of renewable energy source, grid integration, and operations. Micro grid consists of conventional and nonconventional energy source such as wind energy, solar energy, biomass energy, hydro power, diesel power, fuel cell, geothermal power, thermal power, etc. Micro grid is a combination of AC power and DC power such as wind, solar, fuel cell, biomass, and Hydro power, which is mostly used in micro grids. Grid can be operated by grid connected mode or islanding modes. Micro grid is classified into traditional micro grids and smart micro grids.

Estimation Method of Biomass Energy Reserves in China: A Case Study of Corn Straw

Nowadays, biomass resources are the best choice to replace fossil resources. Energy development in biomass is mainly through pyrolysis of biomass. At present, no one has estimated how much biomass energy there is for a country. In this article, taking corn as an example, China as the production country, the potential biomass resources in China are speculated, in which Lignocellulose is the main experimental biomass and pyrolyzed to obtain biomass energy. The most common method of biomass energy conversion is isothermal conversion. The first-order reaction model is used for kinetic analysis of the conversion. The sample is subjected to powder falling pyrolysis at 480 degrees. In order to overcome the regional differences in China, the data of 30 degrees north latitude are used. Finally, the reaction time and the total amount of biomass energy available for development and utilization in China in 2020 are obtained.