scholarly journals New data on brown coal occurrences in the Yamutarida and Dyuntaturku-yamu river basin in the northern part of the Yenisei-khatanga trough

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
A. N. Zhuravlév ◽  
I. E. Stukalova
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Northern Russia

Background. New information was obtained on brown coal occurrences in the northern part of the Yenisei-Khatanga trough (Lake Taimyr area). This region continues to attract the attention of geologists and oil producers due to its established oil and gas potential.Aim. To study the lithological features of rocks and material-petrographic composition of coals from a new promising area of the Yenisei-Khatanga trough in northern Russia.Materials and methods. A set of geological, lithological, and petrographic research methods was used to study a series of samples of coals and host rocks. Measurements were carried out on a QDI-302 Craic Spectrophotometer microscope with a 50× objective lens according to the standard methodology ISO 7404-5 in reflected polarised light using a Spinel standard (Ro = 0.426%) in oil immersion. X-ray fluorescence analysis was performed using a Respect device with an energy dispersive spectrometer without vacuum, having an X-ray tube with a silver anode (registration of elements only from K to U). Anode voltage — 30 kV. Current — 0.3 mA. Exposure time (τ) — 300 s. Y axis — intensity of characteristic lines, rel. unitsResults. The lithological features of the studied samples were elucidated, and the material-petrographic composition of the coals was studied. In the spore-pollen assemblage from the studied deposits, the dominant associations were determined by the predominance of two-bag pollen of Disaccites (Pinaceae) conifers. On this basis, the age of the Begichevskaya Formation rocks was established as belonging to the Albian and Cenomanian stages of the Lower-Middle Cretaceous.Conclusion. The degree of variability of coals was estimated; their grades (technological groups) and the trace element composition of ash were determined. The reflection values of vitrinites were measured in order to clarify the stage of changes in brown coals and obtain the quantitative characteristics of their quality. The reflection values of vitrinites (Ro) are from 0.32 to 0.52%, which corresponds to the stages of brown coal changes, technological groups 1B—3B.

scholarly journals Oil-based mud waste reclamation and utilisation in low-density polyethylene composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1344
Author(s):  
Shohel Siddique ◽  
Kyari Yates ◽  
Kerr Matthews ◽  
Laszlo J Csetenyi ◽  
James Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Low Density ◽  
X Ray

Oil-based mud (OBM) waste from the oil and gas exploration industry can be valorised to tailor-made reclaimed clay-reinforced low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites. This study aims to fill the information gap in the literature and to provide opportunities to explore the effective recovery and recycling techniques of the resources present in the OBM waste stream. Elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and X-ray fluorescence analysis, chemical structural analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis of LDPE/organo-modified montmorillonite (LDPE/MMT) and LDPE/OBM slurry nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been conducted. Further analysis including calorimetry, thermogravimetry, spectroscopy, microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out to evaluate the thermo-chemical characteristics of OBM waste and OBM clay-reinforced LDPE nanocomposites, confirming the presence of different clay minerals including inorganic salts in OBM slurry powder. The microscopic analysis revealed that the distance between polymer matrix and OBM slurry filler is less than that of MMT, which suggests better interfacial adhesion of OBM slurry compared with the adhesion between MMT and LDPE matrix. This was also confirmed by XRD analysis, which showed the superior delamination structure OBM slurry compared with the structure of MMT. There is a trend noticeable for both of these fillers that the nanocomposites with higher percentage filler contents (7.5 and 10.0 wt% in this case) were indicated to act as a thermal conductive material. The heat capacity values of nanocomposites decreased about 33% in LDPE with 7.5 wt% MMT and about 17% in LDPE with 10.0 wt% OBM slurry. It was also noted, for both nanocomposites, that the residue remaining after 1000°C increases with the incremental wt% of fillers in the nanocomposites. There is a big difference in residue amount (in %) left after thermogravimetric analysis in the two nanocomposites, indicating that OBM slurry may have significant influence in decomposing LDPE matrix; this might be an interesting area to explore in the future. The results provide insight and opportunity to manufacture waste-derived renewable nanocomposites with enhanced structural and thermal properties.

A Non-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Unit for the Analysis of Biological Tissue Sections

1957 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 297-313
Author(s):  
Theodore Hall
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Counter ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Characteristic Lines ◽  
Secondary Radiator

AbstractAn X-ray fluorescence analysis unit has been designed and built especially for the measurement of certain mineral elements in individual biological tissue sections. Such a section may contain in the neighborhood of 10-10 grams of an element of interest, in a concentration in the range of 1-100 p.p.m.The unit consists of a special high-power X-ray tube with a builtin interchangeable secondary radiator, which irradiates the speciman with the characteristic lines of the radiator element) and a proportional counter and pulse-height analyzer system, which provides analysis of the X-ray spectrum emitted by the specimen. Because the emitted spectrum is greatly simplified by the use of an appropriate radiator element, a diffracting crystal can be omitted, permitting a great increase in absolute sensitivity.The system is feasible only because of two peculiarities of our biological specimens: they are so thin that matrix effects are negligible, and they consist essentially of a few mineral elements in a light matrix.Design considerations, calibration procedures, procedures for the analysis of the observed proportional counter pulse-height spectra and results to date will be discussed.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE USE FEATURES OF THE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS FOR THE HEAVY METALS DETERMINATION IN SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
P. Kozub ◽  
S. Vambol ◽  
S. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Xrd Method

Under conditions of intense anthropogenic impact on ecosystems, due to the ingress of heavy metals into the environment, the ecosystems' protective properties have significantly decreased. Now the search for accurate, simple and affordable methods for heavy metals determining in soil is an urgent task, since reducing the time to accurately determine the content of these toxic elements will facilitate the rapid application of effective methods to improve the soils' condition. The work purpose is to study the features of the heavy metals determination in soil by the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method and to develop recommendations for conducting an accurate soil analysis for the heavy metals content. As test pollutants, salts of transition and post-transition metals were used: FeSO4·7H2O, Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O, CuSO4·5H2O, ZnSO4, SrCl2, PbCl2, CoCl2. To determine the elements' concentrations, a Sprut-K energy dispersive spectrometer (Ukrrentgen JSC, Kharkov) with an X-123 SDD detector from Amptek (USA) was used. It was found that the lower concentration of most heavy metals, which must be determined, reaches 0.01 mg/L. During the XRD method' sensitivity study, the results as pulses' number for each of the studied metals were obtained. It was found that even at a higher concentration, the pulses number is much smaller in the presence of adhesive tape on top, which indicates that it is not completely transparent, and it is desirable to produce samples for analysis open to the sensor. In addition, it was found that the heavy metals' pulses number during heat treatment of the soil decreases. The concentration dependences' study showed that the dependence of the concentration of the metal is not linear, but can be very well described by the quadratic binomial for all the studied metals. The study originality lies in the development of recommendations for the samples preparation for the heavy metals determination in soil. The practical value lies in the development of recommendations for the determination of heavy metals in soil by the XRD method, which can be successfully applied in real conditions.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Brown Coal Inorganics.

1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1731-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Ray

Examples of Analysis from an Integrated X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis System Using NRLXRF

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
B. E. Artz ◽  
M. J. Rokosz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Parameters Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Methods of correction for matrix differences are required in X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Analysis when the overall composition of the unknowns is substantially different from the available standards. Sample preparation techniques used to minimize matrix differences often require development time and can consume irreplaceable sample material. Alternatively, the increasing computer power available to the analyst and the refinement of computer programs using fundamental parameter calculations has made this approach more attractive.A system-consisting of a Siemens SRS-1 wavelength dispersive spectrometer (WDS), a KEVEX 0810-A/NS880 energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), software for data collection and manipulation and a 40 element version of the NRLXRF fundamental-parameters analysis program has been put together to simplify XRF analysis of samples lacking standards of a similar composition. This configuration is shown schematically in Figure I.

Celebrating 40 Years of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Probe Microanalysis: A Historic and Nostalgic Look Back into the Beginnings

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Keil ◽  
Ray Fitzgerald ◽  
Kurt F.J. Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Era ◽  
X Ray

AbstractOn February 2, 1968, R. Fitzgerald, K. Keil, and K.F.J. Heinrich published a seminal paper in Science (159, 528–530) in which they described a solid-state Si(Li) energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with, initially, a resolution of 600 eV. This resolution was much improved over previous attempts to use either gas-filled proportional counters or solid-state devices for EDS to detect X-rays and was sufficient, for the first time, to make EDS a practically useful technique. It ushered in a new era not only in EPMA, but also in scanning electron microscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and X-ray diffraction. EDS offers many advantages over wavelength-dispersive crystal spectrometers, e.g., it has no moving parts, covers the entire X-ray energy range of interest to EPMA, there is no defocusing over relatively large distances across the sample, and, of particular interest to those who analyze complex minerals consisting of many elements, all X-ray lines are detected quickly and simultaneously.

scholarly journals Determination of platinum group elements in catalysts recycling products by SEM with energy dispersive spectrometer

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Nikolai S. Chebykin ◽  
Ivan P. Sandalov ◽  
Dmitry A. Zamyatin ◽  
Sergey L. Votyakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
Phase Boundaries ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Good Agreement

Analysis of platinum group elements (PGE) extracted from various catalysts used in the car, petroleum and chemical industries requires use of microanalytical methods. PGE content in the platinum powder concentrates K176 and K177 was studied by SEM-EDS. The content of main elements was determined using analytical lines Fe Kα1, Si Kα1, Sn Lα1, Pt Lα1, Re Lα1. The obtained data for the chemical composition are in good agreement with the result obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis and ICP-MS method. Powdered platinum concentrates are considered to be ferrosilicide (FeSi), where PGE are localized at the phase boundaries and in separate patches of the K176 sample, or distributed over the volume of particles in the K177 sample.

Investigation of Obsidian by Radioisotope X-Ray Flurescence

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 459-466
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Robie ◽  
Ivor L. Preiss
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

The classification of obsidian artifacts has been receiving considerable attend of changes in obsidian trace element composition can now be identify ancient trade routes. The classification of this glassy volcanic material has been attempted using a variety of elemental analysis technique. The most successful and most widely employed method of non-destructive analysis has been that which employs X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF); either wavelength dispersive (WDS), or energy dispersive (EDS).

X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of High-Density Brines Using a Compton Scattering Ratio Technique

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Michael L. Samuelson ◽  
Stanley B. McCormell
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
High Density ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Gas Well ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Internal Standardization ◽  
Scattering Ratio

AbstractHigh-density brines are used to control high pressure during oil and gas well operations. These dense brines (15 to 20 lb/gal) are solutions prepared from sale such as calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide and/or combinations. During stages of completion, excessive losses of these expensive brines to the production zone can occur. Before the brine is reused in other oil and/or gas well operations, the brine may need to be reweighted. An analysis of the brine composition must be obtained to properly add the correct amount of salts.Standard addition or internal standardization methods are commonly used in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) applications but negate one of the advantages of XRF-elimination of tedious sample preparation. Scattered X-ray intensity has been used successfully to correct matrix effects in XRF applications. A Compton scatter ratio method is very advantageous for samples having a low atomic number, for which the scattered intensity is high. This paper describes an XRF method for determining Ca, CI, and Zn in high-density brines as well as the matrix correction for Br using a scattered X-ray ratio technique.

Improvements in the electron probe forming capabilities and x-ray hole counts in the Philips TEM

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
Richard L. McConville
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Parallel Beam ◽  
Tilt Axis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Specimen Height

A second generation twin lens has been developed. This symmetrical lens with a wider bore, yet superior values of chromatic and spherical aberration for a given focal length, retains both eucentric ± 60° tilt movement and 20°x ray detector take-off angle at 90° to the tilt axis. Adjust able tilt axis height, as well as specimen height, now ensures almost invariant objective lens strengths for both TEM (parallel beam conditions) and STEM or nano probe (focused small probe) modes.These modes are selected through use of an auxiliary lens situ ated above the objective. When this lens is on the specimen is illuminated with a parallel beam of electrons, and when it is off the specimen is illuminated with a focused probe of dimensions governed by the excitation of the condenser 1 lens. Thus TEM/STEM operation is controlled by a lens which is independent of the objective lens field strength.

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