scholarly journals THE GERMINATION OF INDOGOFERA ZOLLINGERIANA BY SOAKING IN LIQUID SMOKE WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Yelly Magdalena Mulik ◽  
Stormy Vertygo ◽  
Vivin E. Se’u ◽  
Basry Y. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of immersion using liquid smoke with different concentrations on the germination viability of Indigofera zollingeriana. The design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments: A0 = 0% liquid smoke, A20 = 20% liquid smoke, A40 = 40% liquid smoke, A100 = 100% liquid smoke, each treatment with 4 replications. The parameters observed were the germination viability, mean germination time, and mean daily germination. ANOVA analysis showed that the treatment had a significant effect on germination viability but insignificant on the germination rate and mean germination time. Treatment A0 was the treatment with the highest germination viability (75%), but the highest germination rate (0.34 cm/day) was in treatment A20. The higher the concentration of liquid smoke, the lower the germination viability, the germination rate and the mean germination time.

scholarly journals Morphometry and Germination of Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus and Phoradendron mucronatum Diaspores

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M.L. AZEVEDO ◽  
C.G.G. SANTOS ◽  
C.S. CAIRES ◽  
J.C. ARAÚJO NETO ◽  
R.C. SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The goal of this work was to characterize morphometrically diaspores from three species of mistletoes (Passovia pyrifolia, Struthanthus marginatus e Phoradendron mucronatum), as well as to study its germination behavior according to temperature and luminosity. In germination tests, the completely randomized design was used, in factor scheme 4 x 2, with 4 replications of 15 diaspores. The factors for the first test were different temperatures and two diaspore conditions (intact and without epicarp). In the second test, factors were different light qualities and two diaspore conditions. The analyzed variables were: germination percentage, germination rate index (GRI) and mean germination time (MGT). Mistletoe’s diaspores present an elliptic shape with viscin layer, an essential characteristic for the dispersion of the species. In addition to this, they present a distinction as for the moisture content when compared to the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae, where the latter presents the highest content. Germination is greater at the alternated temperature of 20-30 oC for P. pyrifolia and P. mucronatum diaspores and 20 oC for S. marginatus. Luminosity interfered in the germination of P. mucronatum and S. marginatus but did not influence P. pyrifolia. The diaspore condition influenced the germination of the three studied species, observing a significant increase in their germination when the epicarp was removed. Temperature and luminosity interfere directly in the GRI and MGT of the three mistletoes species.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PERIODS OF SAND PRIMING AND HYDRO-PRIMING ON THE GERMINATION OF AFRICAN EBONY (Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
D. O. ADELANI ◽  
R. A. SULEIMAN ◽  
U. U. EMEGHARA
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Agro Forestry

Diospyros mespiliformis (Hochst) is a multipurpose, agro-forestry tree species with diverse environmental and ecological significances. However, low percentage germination associated with its seeds has limited its domestication. To overcome this challenge, there is need to adopt cheap, fast, safe, natural and adoptable physiological techniques such as sand priming and hydro-priming. There is paucity of quantified information on natural and safe methods of relieving dormancy as sand priming and hydro-priming. Most of methods of breaking dormancy as use of acid are not simple, safe and adoptable by farmers who practices agro-forestry. In the light of this, these experiments were conducted to assess the periods of sand priming (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) and hydro-priming (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks) on the germination of D. mespiliformis. Both experiments were laid down in completely randomized design with four replicates. Mean germination times were calculated, and result revealed that a significant increase in percentage germination was recorded with increasing periods of exposing seeds to sand priming up to four weeks. The percentage germination ranged between 28%-93.25% for control (0) and four weeks sand priming respectively. Least value of 8.92 day was recorded for mean germination time of control (0 sand priming). A significant increase in percentage germination was recorded with increasing hours of hydro-priming up to 24 hours. The percentage germination was ranged between 25% - 100% for control (0) hour to 24 hours. Highest germination percentages were recorded in seeds subjected to sand priming for 4weeks (93.25%) and those hydro-primed for 24hours (100%). These results are recommended for mass production of D. mespiliformis in agro-forestry nurseries.  

scholarly journals Efeito da temperatura e do substrato na germinação de Hamatocactus setispinus (Cactaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Priscilla Brites Xavier ◽  
Janie Mendes Jasmim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Cacti are widely used as ornamental plants and seed germination is a major method for preserving genetic diversity. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different temperatures and substrates on seed germination of Hamatocactus setispinus. Seeds were sown in gerbox boxes containing either germination paper (S1), sand (S2) or vermiculite (S3). After placing the seeds on the substrates, the boxes were kept in germination chambers at 20, 25, 30 and 35° C for 30 days, under a photoperiod of 16 hours. The experiment was in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The speed germination index (SGI), mean germination time (MT) and germination rates (%) were evaluated. The best results were observed at 25º C. The highest SGI (3.94) was observed on seed germination paper, but MT values and germination rates on this substrate did not differ from those obtained on sand. Therefore, both substrates could be used for germination of this cactus species.

scholarly journals RESPOSTA GERMINATIVA DO FEIJÃO ARIGÓ E MANTEIGUINHA (Vinga unguicula L. Walp) SUBMETIDAS A CONDIÇÕES ESTRESSE SALINO

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Kelly Nascimento Leite ◽  
Yasmin Cavalcante de Andrade ◽  
Kecy Dhones Monteiro Marques ◽  
André Luiz Melhorança Filho ◽  
Porfirio Ponciano de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean

Esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a germinação e crescimento de plântula das sementes crioulas de feijão-caupi, (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp), variedades Manteguinha e Arigó, exposta a níveis crescentes de salinidade da região do vale do Juruá, Acre. O experimento foi conduzido em laboratório utilizando 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições distribuídos seguindo um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, duas variedades de feijão (Arigó e Manteguinha) e 5 níveis de salinidade, por um período total de 7 dias. Foi avaliado o índice de germinação, o tempo médio de germinação, crescimento do hipocótilo, crescimento da radícula, e matéria seca total. Os resultados mostraram que a germinação (IVG), hipocótilo (CH) e raiz (CR) são afetados com o aumento das concentrações salinas. O tempo médio de germinação para a variedade Arigó não sofreu alteração significativa com a presença dos sais na solução. A matéria seca do hipocótilo e raiz foram afetadas de maneira significativa somente para a variedade Arigó. A variedade Manteguinha apresentou boa tolerância à salinidade na germinação inicial, mostrando-se como uma boa alternativa para programas de seleção de obtenção de cultivares tolerantes ao estresse salino.Palavras-chave: feijão-caupi; salinidade; germinação. GERMINATION RESPONSE OF BEAN ARIGÓ AND MANTEGUINHA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) SUBMITTED TO SALT STRESS CONDITIONS ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination and seedling growth of the Creole seeds of the Juruá Valley, Acre, bean caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) varieties Manteguinha and Arigó, exposed to increasing levels of salinity. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory using 10 treatments and four replicates distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, two varieties of bean (Arigó and Manteguinha) and 5 levels of salinity, for a total period of 7 days. The germination index, mean germination time, hypocotyl growth, root growth, and total dry matter were evaluated. The results showed that germination (IVG), hypocotyl (CH) and root (CR) are affected with the increased salt concentrations. The mean germination time for the Arigó variety did not change significantly with the presence of the salts in the solution. The dry matter of the hypocotyl and root is affected only significantly for the arthropod variety. The variety Manteguinha presented good tolerance to the salinity in the initial germination. The butterbean variety stood out best by showing a good alternative for selection programs for obtaining salt tolerant cultivars.Keywords: cowpea beans; salinity; germination.

scholarly journals Effects of Hydro and Hormonal Seed Priming on Seed Germination of Milk Thistle under Saline Stress Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380
Author(s):  
Yousef NASIRI ◽  
Parisa FEYZI ◽  
Abdollah JAVANMARD
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Salinity is an abiotic stress which has harmful effects on germination of many plants. Therefore, high germination rate and vigorous early growth under salty soils is preferred. Seed priming is a way to increase salt tolerance of plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of seed priming on germination of milk thistle under salinity condition. The treatments were 4 levels of seed priming (no priming, distilled water as hydro priming and 0.5 and 1.0 mM salicylic acid) and 5 levels of salinity (0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl and 40 and 80 mM CaCl2). The experiment arranged as a factorial in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Results showed that salinity decreased germination percentage and germination rate to about 16 and 32% in 80 mM CaCl2 level compared to control, respectively. The highest mean germination time (5.7 day) were belonged to 80 mM CaCl2. Radicle and plumule length significantly decreased by 80 mM NaCl and 40 and 80 mM CaCl2. The lowest seedling weight and seed stamina observed in 80 mM CaCl2. 0.5 mM salicylic acid improved all traits except mean germination time as compared to control.  Salicylic acid (0.5 mM) improved radicle length under 0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl salinity levels as well as increased plumule length at the 0 and 40 mM NaCl salinity conditions.

scholarly journals Plausible Mechanisms by Which Ultrasonic Waves Affect Seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Mohammad Eteghadi Pour ◽  
Mahsa Hobbi ◽  
Hadi Ghasemi ◽  
Meisam Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Water Imbibition ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cell Wall Rigidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract To study the effect of sonication on the seed germination percentage and rate as well as the cell area of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) a laboratorial experiment was performed as Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The results indicated that the ultrasonic waves affect the seed germination, germination rate and cell area significantly (at 0.05). The results of the mean comparison tests (LSD, 0.05) showed that the highest germination percentage (100 %), germination rate and cell area (1370.71 μ2) is achieved through 15 minutes exposure to ultrasonic waves. It is concluded that weakening the seed’s cell wall rigidity by sonication results in more and faster water imbibition by the cells and improved germination.

scholarly journals Desiccation tolerance of cambuci seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Brossi Santoro ◽  
Bruna do Amaral Brogio ◽  
Victor Augusto Forti ◽  
Ana Dionísia da Luz Coelho Novembre ◽  
Simone Rodrigues da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation ◽  
Water Contents

This work aimed to evaluate the interference of seed desiccation on the occurrence of root protrusion and the formation of normal cambuci seedlings. Seeds were obtained from mature fruits collected from adult plants and submitted to oven drying with forced air circulation at 30±2°C in order to obtain different water contents. The seeds were then submitted to the germination test in a completely randomized design at 25°C and 12 hours photoperiod, and were weekly evaluated for a period of 90 days, regarding the number of seeds with root protrusion, the number of dead seeds and normal seedlings. At the end the germination speed index (GSI) the mean germination time (MGT) and the average speed of germination (ASG) were calculated. Any of these variables were significantly affected until the water content decreased to 14.9%, whereas at 9.1% and 6.6% water contents, there was a significant reduction of root protrusion and GSI, and a higher percentage of dead seeds. Cambuci seeds tolerate desiccation down to 15% water content without losing viability.

scholarly journals Cardinal temperatures for germination of Salvia leriifolia Benth

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Dashti ◽  
Mohammad Kafi ◽  
Hossein Tavakkoli ◽  
Mahdi Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Germination Traits ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures

Summary The focus of this study is based on the examination of the germination traits and the development of thermal models of the medicinal plant Salvia leriifolia Benth. A laboratory experiment was carried out at constant temperatures ranging from 0 to 35°C, at 5°C intervals in a completely randomized design with eight replications. To describe the germination rate response to temperature, three regression models, namely Intersected-Lines (ISL), Quadratic Polynomial (QPN) and Five-Parameters Beta (FPB) were used. The highest Germination Percentage (GP) (92.8%) occurred in 15°C, but GP in the range of 10-25°C was not significant (p≤0.05). The germination process stopped at 0°C and at above 30°C. The results indicated that the highest Germination Rate (GR), the lowest Mean Germination Time (MGT) and also times to 50% germination (D50) were obtained at 20°C. Seeds did not reach to their 50% germination level in temperatures higher than 25°C. The FPB model had the best realistic estimation for cardinal temperatures. Based on models estimation, Base (Tb), Optimum (To) and Ceiling (Tc) temperatures were in the ranges of (1-1.9°C), (18.1-20.8°C) and (34.5-38.7°C), respectively.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN DAN KONSENTRASI ASAP CAIR TERHADAP PENILAIAN ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KIMIA POKEA (Batissa violacea var. celebensis, von Martens 1897) ASAP

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Prilya Zhatrawati Mentang ◽  
Moh Nuh Ibrahim ◽  
Kobajashi Togo Isamu
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman asap cair, konsentrasi asap cair interaksi antara lama perendaman dan konsentrasi asap cair terhadap mutu pokea asap.Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu waktu perendaman (5, 10, 15 menit), faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi asap cair (2%, 4%, 6%) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Pokea asapterhadap interaksi lama perendaman dan konsentrasi asap cair terhadap organoleptikrupa, bau, tekstur, rasa, kadar air dan kadar protein berpengaruh sangat nyata. Kadar benzo(a)pyrene pada T3N1 sebesar 2,47 mg/kg, T3N2 sebesar            5,46 mg/kg dan T3N3 sebesar 3,84 mg/kg. Rerata organoleptik rupa diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada T2N2 sebesar 4 (suka), bau pada perlakuan T2N3 sebesar 4 (suka), rasa pada perlakuan T2N3 sebesar 3 (agak suka), tekstur pada perlakuan T2N3 sebesar           4 (suka), kadar air pada perlakuan T3N1 sebesar 9,91% dan kadar protein pada perlakuan T2N3 sebesar 45,69%. Kata kunci: Pokea, asap cair, kadar air, kadar protein, organoleptik  AbstractThe aims of this study was to determine the effect of liquid smoke soaking time, liquid smoke concentration and interaction between soaking time and liquid smoke concentration on the quality of smoke pokea. This research used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor is soaking time (5, 10, 15 minutes), the second factor is the concentration of liquid smoke (2%, 4%, 6%) with three replications.Smokedpokea for interaction of soaking time and liquid smoke concentration on organoleptic appearance, odor, texture, taste, water content and protein content had a very significant effect. The level of benzo(a)pyrene on T3N1 was 2.47 mg/kg, T3N2 was 5.46 mg/kg and T3N3 was 3.84 mg/kg. The mean organoleptic obtained the highest value on T2N2 of 4 (likes), odor at T2N3 of 4 (likes), taste on T2N3 of 3 (rather like), texture on T2N3 of 4 (likes), water content on T3N1 was 9.91% and protein content in T2N3 was 45.69%.Key words: Pokea clam, liquid smoke, moisture content, protein content, organoleptic

scholarly journals Estimation of the cardinal temperatures for germination of four Satureja species growing in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Zarif Ketabi ◽  
Hamid Reza Khazaei ◽  
Ahmad Nezami ◽  
Seyed Reza Tabaei Aghdaei
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Water

SummaryIntroduction Seed germination is a complex physiological process regulated by genetic and environmental factors including temperature, water, oxygen, light and pH. Among them, temperature is one of the most important factors controlling the maximum rate and percentage of diaspore germination. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the cardinal temperatures (Tb, To, Tc) of four Satureja species growing in Iran. Methods: Seeds of Satureja mutica Fish. et C. A. Mey., S. macrantha C. A. Mey., S. sahandica Bornm and S. bachtiarica Bunge were germinated at nine constant temperatures (from 0 to 40°C) with 5°C intervals. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications was applied to determine the cardinal temperatures estimated by three regression models including intersected-lines (ISL), quadratic polynomial (QPN) and five-parameters beta (FPB). Results: The highest germination percentage (GP) occurred at 20°C for S. mutica (86%), S. macrantha (55%), S. sahandica (81%) and S. bachtiarica (89%), but there was no significant difference between 20 and 25°C, except S. sahandica. Germination stopped at 0°C and 40°C. The highest germination rate (GR), the lowest mean germination time (MGT) and time to 50% germination (D50) were obtained at 20-25°C for all species. The GRmfor S. bachtiarica was significantly (p≤0.05) higher than for three other species in all temperatures. None of the species did reach to 50% germination at temperatures higher than 30°C. Conclusion: Obtained results revealed the superiority of S. bachtiarica over the other species, v.s. S. macrantha was inferior. FPB and ISL models were most reliable for predicting cardinal temperatures, because of higher R2value and the lower root mean square error (RMSE). S. macrantha and S. mutica showed the lowest and the highest cardinal temperatures, respectively, in all three models.

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