scholarly journals Monitoring system of changes in air composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
I.B. Shirokov ◽  
◽  
P.A. Evdokimov ◽  
E.I. Shirokova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Microwave Signal ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Phase Progression ◽  
Measuring Lines

The article considers a new approach to air monitoring based on phase-measurement in the SHF range and homodyne frequency conversion. Information about the change in the air composition is obtained by determining the phase progression of the microwave signal when it passes through the environment under study. At the same time, to determine the change in the content of exclusively harmful gases in the air composition, the meteorological component of the environment is subtracted from the information signal. The implementation of the method involves the organization of a monitoring system consisting of several microwave measuring lines synchronized with a monitoring center through a VHF communication channel, which will allow for global and continuous monitoring of changes in the composition of the air environment. The block diagram of the developed system is presented and its individual blocks, the theoretical possibilities of its operation are considered. An experimental study of the influence of meteorological characteristics of the environment on the phase progression of the microwave signal was also carried out.

scholarly journals A new approach in prevention and correction of intradialysis hypotension in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Drachev ◽  
V. Yu. Shilo ◽  
G. S. Dzhulay
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Automatic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Blood Pressures

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of various approaches to correcting and preventing hypotension episodes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Material and methods. The study included 35 patients on maintenance hemodialysis in the Dialysis Center "MCHTP No. 1", which is a part of "B. Braun Avitum" network centers in the Russian Federation. All patients underwent an automatic blood pressure (BP) measurement using a machine-inbuilt option device for noninvasive blood pressure measurement. Prior to the study, all patients underwent a clinical test with a "dry weight" assessment and a bio-impedance analysis. The study had a cross-over design: first, all patients were treated using the standard methods for correcting hypotension episodes (at 4 initial procedures). Then, in the following 4 procedures, in addition to standard methods, a computer algorithm was used to automatically regulate the ultrafiltration (UF) rate: the automatic pressure monitoring system (biologic rr comfort) with continuous monitoring of blood pressure throughout the procedure; BP was recorded before and after the HD procedure, as well as at least once every 5 minutes during 3 initial procedures; and starting from the 4th procedure, the intervals were determined by the algorithm automatically. The average blood pressure values were analyzed during the dialysis procedures for the entire observation period. The duration of the study was 3 weeks for each patient.Results. The average predialysis blood pressures in the group with the standard approach to hemodynamic correction were 124.6 ± 27.7 and 74.5 ± 21.1 mm Hg, the postdialysis blood pressures were 114.4 ± 24.4 and 71.3 ± 16.3 mm Hg. With the use of automatic pressure monitoring system, the predialysis and postdialysis blood pressures were significantly higher than those with the standard approach: 133.2 ± 21.3 and 79.3 ± 15.8 mm Hg (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009), vs. 125.7 ± 23.9 and 75.9 ± 18.3 mm Hg (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001), respectively. Upon closer examination of the intradialysis pressure variations, the intradialysis blood pressures were 110.2 ± 17.3 and 68.3 ± 13.9 mm Hg when measured by using the standard approach, and significantly higher: 124 ± 20.5 and 75.9 ± 14.2 mm Hg when the automatic pressure monitoring system was used (p = 0.03; p = 0.02). Also, higher mean arterial pressures were noted: 82.5 ± 13.9 with the standard approach vs.91.5 ± 15.6 mm Hg (p = 0.01) with the automatic pressure monitoring system. Studying UF rates, we found that the UF rate was slightly higher without using the automatic pressure monitoring system (8.0 ml/kg/h vs. 7.9 ml/kg/h). Thus, the new approach used in addition to the standard methods of correcting hypotension was effective and safe. No significant differences were seen in Kt/V values. However, when automatic pressure monitoring system was used in patients, the target phosphate levels were achieved: the inorganic phosphorus value was 1.5 mmol/L when using the UF control algorithm vs. 1.8 mmol/L with a standard dialysis program. However, these data did not reach the statistical significance (p = 0.07).Conclusion. Intradialysis hypotension and high UF rates remain frequent and potentially dangerous complications of HD procedure, which worsen the long-term prognosis of patients on HD, mainly due to the increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The new approach to the prevention and correction of hypotension by using the automatic pressure monitoring system allows one to reduce the UF rate in a timely manner, preventing the development of hypotension episodes, reducing their rates, and improving the achievement of target blood pressure values, both preand postdialysis, as well as intradialysis blood pressure variations.

On-Board Condition Monitoring System for Freight Trains

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Donelson ◽  
Wayne M. Zavis ◽  
S. K. (John) Punwani ◽  
Monique Ferguson Stewart ◽  
Mark C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
International Corporation ◽  
Mechanical Components ◽  
Condition Monitoring System ◽  
Railroad Safety

Abstract Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) and Wilcoxon Research have developed a real-time on-board condition monitoring system for freight trains. The Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration funded the development of the system. The system monitors bearings, wheels, trucks and brakes on freight trains in order to detect equipment defects and derailments. The objectives of the system are to improve railroad safety and operation efficiency through continuous monitoring of mechanical components on freight trains.

Research Progress of Flue Gas Continuous Monitoring System

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
李树珉 Li Shumin ◽  
刘斌 Liu Bin ◽  
孙长库 Sun Changku ◽  
赵玉梅 Zhao Yumei
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Research Progress

scholarly journals Microwave Photonic Frequency Conversion Based on a Wavelength Swept Laser

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3813
Author(s):  
Youxue Kong ◽  
Yuan Cao ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Guangying Wang ◽  
Xinhuan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Microwave Signal ◽  
Optical Carrier ◽  
Microwave Photonic ◽  
System A ◽  
Conversion Frequency ◽  
Mach Zehnder Modulator ◽  
Conversion Performance ◽  
5 Ghz

Microwave photonic frequency conversion, with flexible tunability and a simple structure based on a wavelength swept laser (WSL), is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed frequency conversion system, a broadband WSL was used to generate a frequency-chirped optical carrier, which was sent to a Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM). A microwave signal, with its frequency to be converted, was applied to the MZM. The modulated signal was then sent to a dispersive device, where the waveform was compressed or expanded depending on the dispersion of the dispersive device. After photodetection, a frequency up-converted or down-converted microwave signal was generated. The tuning of the conversion frequency was achieved by adjusting the chirp rate of the optical carrier from the WSL or the dispersion of the dispersive device. The proposed approach was experimentally demonstrated. A microwave signal, with its frequency at 5 GHz, was up-converted to 5.577 GHz and down-converted to 4.936 GHz. The quality of the frequency converted microwave signal was also evaluated. The conversion performance could be further improved by introducing a WSL with a high duty cycle.

scholarly journals Development of Miniaturized Water Quality Monitoring System Using Wireless Communication

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Hsing-Cheng Yu ◽  
Ming-Yang Tsai ◽  
Yuan-Chih Tsai ◽  
Jhih-Jyun You ◽  
Chun-Lin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Copper Ion ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Quality Monitoring

Recently, environmental pollution resulting from industrial waste has been emerging in an endless stream. The industrial waste contains chemical materials, heavy metal ions, and other toxic materials. Once the industrial waste is discharged without standards, it might lead to water or environmental pollution. Hence, it has become more important to provide evidence-based water quality monitoring. The use of a multifunctional miniaturized water quality monitoring system (WQMS), that contains continuous monitoring, water quality monitoring, and wireless communication applications, simultaneously, is infrequent. Thus, electrodes integrated with polydimethylsiloxane flow channels were presented in this study to be a compound sensor, and the sensor can be adopted concurrently to measure temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and copper ion concentration, whose sensitivities are determined as 0.0193 °C/mV, −0.0642 pH/mV, 1.1008 mS/V·cm (from 0 mS/cm to 2 mS/cm) and 1.1975 mS/V·cm (from 2 mS/cm to 5.07 mS/cm), and 0.0111 ppm/mV, respectively. A LoRa shield connected into the system could provide support as a node of long range wide area network (LoRaWAN) for wireless communication application. As mentioned above, the sensors, LoRa, and circuit have been integrated in this study to a continuous monitoring system, WQMS. The advantages of the multifunctional miniaturized WQMS are low cost, small size, easy maintenance, continuous sampling and long-term monitoring for many days. Every tested period is 180 min, and the measured rate is 5 times per 20 min. The feedback signals of the miniaturized WQMS and measured values of the instrument were obtained to compare the difference. In the measured results at three different place-to-place locations the errors of electrical conductivity are 0.051 mS/cm, 0.106 mS/cm, and 0.092 mS/cm, respectively. The errors of pH are 0.68, 0.87, and 0.56, respectively. The errors of temperature are 0.311 °C, 0.252 °C, and 0.304 °C, respectively. The errors of copper ion concentration are 0.051 ppm, 0.058 ppm, 0.050 ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals H2O Sense: a WSN-based monitoring system for fish tanks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushboo Qayyum ◽  
Idrees Zaman ◽  
Anna Förster
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Development Tools ◽  
The University ◽  
Fish Tanks ◽  
Open Source Development

Abstract In oceans, fish usually live in an environment that is best suited for their growth. When these fish are introduced into man-made environment, e.g. in mariculture and aquaculture set-ups, the physical parameters might stray from their ideal values, resulting in improper growth and undesired outcomes. Hence, to prevent these undesirable outcomes, continuous monitoring of the physical parameters of the water such as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen is required. In this work, we present a system called H2O sense, which continuously monitors the physical parameters of the water in tanks and alerts the user in case the values deviate from ideal. We use only low-power, low-cost hardware and open-source development tools, which makes the system easily applicable to various settings. The deployment of our system in the Maritime Laboratory of the University of Namibia shows its efficacy. Furthermore, we evaluate in detail the performance of our system and discuss its applicability in similar challenged environments.

Design of a Scoliosis Monitoring System Using Inertial Sensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 597-602
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Daniel Voinea ◽  
Silviu Butnariu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Human Spine ◽  
Instantaneous Position ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Spine Disorders

This paper presents the design of an innovative system for the diagnosis and treatment of spine disorders, in particular, the scoliosis. The product consists in a mechatronic device that is able to measure in real time the instantaneous position of the human spine, facilitating a precise diagnosis as well as continuous monitoring for prevention and/or treatment of spine disorders.

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