Antiretroviral treatment can reduce the risk of HIV transmission between male partners to ‘zero’

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Male Partners

Antiretroviral treatment can reduce the risk of HIV transmission between male partners to ‘zero’

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l4915
Author(s):  
Rob Cook ◽  
Peter Davidson ◽  
Rosie Martin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Patient Benefit ◽  
Gay Couples ◽  
Condomless Sex

The studyA Rodger, V Cambiano, T Bruun, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393:2428-38.This project was funded by the NIHR Research for Patient Benefit Programme (project number PB-PG-1013-32069).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000785/antiretroviral-treatment-can-reduce-the-risk-of-hiv-transmission-between-male-partners-to-zero

Correlates of HIV-Positive Fathers’ Involvement in Prevention of Motherto- child Transmission Programs in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-457
Author(s):  
Zubairu Iliyasu ◽  
Hadiza S. Galadanci ◽  
Bashir Muhammad ◽  
Fatima Z. Yadudu ◽  
Aminatu A. Kwaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Paternal Education

Background: The involvement of men in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs could accelerate the elimination of vertical transmission. Yet, little research has focused on HIV-positive male partners. This study determined predictors of male partners’ PMTCT knowledge and involvement in a tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria. Methods: A clinic-based sample of 401 HIV-positive male partners of women who delivered within 12 months prior were interviewed using structured questionnaires. PMTCT knowledge and involvement scores were computed. Adjusted odd ratios (AOR) for predictors were derived from multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The proportion of respondents with adequate PMTCT knowledge was 40.9%. Less than half (43.6%) of the respondents participated in PMTCT, with median involvement score of 2.00 (interquartile range, IQR = 0, 5.0). One quarter of respondents (25.7%, n =103) reported >1 sex partners, 10.5% consistently used condoms, and 20.7% had disclosed to all partners. Father’s involvement in PMTCT was predicted by paternal education (AOR = 0.30; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.12-0.77, no formal vs. post-secondary), HIV-positive child (AOR = 3.85; 95%CI: 1.41-10.54, yes vs. no), treatment duration (AOR = 4.17; 95%CI: 1.67-10.41, ≤1 vs. ≥10 years), disclosure to partner(s) (AOR = 1.21; 95%CI: 1.15-3.52, ‘disclosed to all’ vs. ‘not disclosed’), condom use (AOR = 5.81; 95%CI: 3.07-11.0, always vs. never), and PMTCT knowledge (AOR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.31-0.92, inadequate versus adequate). Conclusion: The involvement of fathers in HIV PMTCT programs was low and predicted by paternal education, HIVpositive child, duration of antiretroviral treatment, disclosure to partner, consistent condom use, and level of PMTCT knowledge. Our findings will inform the development of policies to increase male partner involvement in PMTCT in Nigeria.

scholarly journals HIV-related stigma in the UK then and now: to what extent are we on track to eliminate stigma? A qualitative investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hedge ◽  
Karrish Devan ◽  
Jose Catalan ◽  
Anna Cheshire ◽  
Damien Ridge
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Engagement In Hiv Care

Abstract Background The introduction of effective antiretroviral treatment in the late 1990s led to the perception that HIV was a chronic but manageable condition. Nevertheless, stigma remains one of the major hurdles for people living with HIV (PLWH) to accessing healthcare and biomedical preventions. Thus, Fast Track Cities has set a target of zero HIV discrimination by 2030 as part of its strategy to end HIV transmission. Methods Fifty-three participants from the United Kingdom, including PLWH (n = 21, 40%), health and social care workers (n = 24, 45%), and charity workers and activists (n = 13, 25%), were recruited. Semi-structured interviews investigated stigma and discrimination, focusing on both before and after the widespread use of effective antiretroviral treatment in the late 1990s. Data were analysed using a thematic approach. Results Before effective antiretroviral treatment narratives were shaped by two main themes: 1) the media’s role in influencing public opinion and contributing to misunderstandings of HIV transmission; and 2) personal experiences of HIV-related stigma, which for PLWH included incidents of physical violence and aggression, as well as fears of their HIV status being publicised. Contemporary narratives on stigma experiences were organised around four themes: 1) discrimination in healthcare settings; 2) stigma amongst men who have sex with men (MSM); 3) stigma towards African and Afro-Caribbean PLWH; and 4) the limits of change in public HIV-related knowledge and attitudes. Contemporary narratives indicated a reduction in enacted stigma, but continued anticipation of discrimination and self-reported shame, particularly in MSM and African and Afro-Caribbean PLWH. Conclusion The nature of stigma against those with HIV has evolved. The intersection of PLWH and minority groups (e.g. MSM and African and Afro-Caribbean persons) may enhance anticipatory and internalised stigma, with some suggestion that this may contribute to reduced engagement in HIV care and prevention services. Our findings indicate the need for further research in this area, as well as proactive interventions with community groups to enhance knowledge of HIV.

scholarly journals Female perspectives of male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal

Curationis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mondli Miya ◽  
Tennyson Mgutshini
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: The South African government intervened by implementing the prevention of mother–to-child transmission programme (PMTCT) to curb the HIV transmission from mother to child during and after pregnancy. The PMTCT programme has been at the forefront of global prevention efforts since 1998. Without treatment, the risk of transmission ranges from one in five to one in two newborns; however, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be reduced to as low as 2%–5% with evidenced interventions. Sub-Saharan Africa, and most particularly South Africa, is the most affected by the pandemic despite having the largest financial investment in PMTCT services across the continent.Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe and explore the female perspectives of male inclusion in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in KwaZulu-Natal.Methodology: A qualitative, descriptive, explorative study was conducted through in-depth individual interview of pregnant women until data saturation.Results: The findings of the study revealed that the existing design of public hospitals was not wholly conducive to facilitating male inclusion in maternal and child health services. Resources were largely insufficient to support the participation of pregnant mothers and any attempts to support the inclusion of males needed to be based on a clear increase in service provision.Conclusion: The study recommended male partners’ inclusion in the prevention of mother- to-child HIV transmission to support effective management of HIV in pregnancy and PMTCT programmes. The inclusion of men will provide the holistic support needed by pregnant women on PMTCT programmes.

Warning: Antiretroviral treatment interruption could lead to an increased risk of HIV transmission

AIDS ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Tubiana ◽  
Jade Ghosn ◽  
Marcio De-Sa ◽  
Marc Wirden ◽  
Agnès Gautheret-Dejean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in infancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Helen McIlleron ◽  
Hermien Gous
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

Infancy (from birth until 1 year of age) is a time of rapid changes within the body of a child. These changes affect pharmacokinetics in many ways. The CHER study1 showed that early antiretroviral treatment reduces mortality and disease progression amongst infants acquiring HIV infection before 12 weeks of age. As a result the World Health Organization has recently revised treatment initiation recommendations in children less than one year of age: all infants under 12 months of age with confirmed HIV infection should be started on antiretroviral therapy, irrespective of clinical or immunological stage2. Dosing in infants is challenging because drug concentrations are highly variable, there is frequently scant pharmacokinetic information in young children, and few suitable drug formulations are available. Furthermore, adherence to treatment is reliant on the caregiver, rather than the patient. Peri- and postnatal HIV transmission are reduced by maternal highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). However, the benefits and risks to breast fed infants of exposure to maternal antiretroviral drugs during lactation are poorly understood. In this article we review the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs relevant to South African infants, and highlight some of the challenges to delivering antiretroviral treatment in safe and effective doses.

scholarly journals Highly active antiretroviral treatment for the prevention of HIV transmission

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Granich ◽  
Siobhan Crowley ◽  
Marco Vitoria ◽  
Ying‐Ru Lo ◽  
Yves Souteyrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv

scholarly journals Modelling In Vivo HIV Dynamics under Combined Antiretroviral Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mobisa ◽  
G. O. Lawi ◽  
J. K. Nthiiri
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Host Infection

In this paper a within host mathematical model for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission incorporating treatment is formulated. The model takes into account the efficacy of combined antiretroviral treatment on viral growth and T cell population in the human blood. The existence of an infection free and positive endemic equilibrium is established. The basic reproduction number R0 is derived using the method of next generation matrix. We perform local and global stability analysis of the equilibria points and show that if R0<1, then the infection free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and theoretically the virus is cleared and the disease dies out and if R0>1, then the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable implying that the virus persists within the host. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the effect of treatment on the within host infection dynamics.

scholarly journals “Friendly reminder: hi! It is that time again ☺”: understanding PMTCT care text message design preferences amongst pre- and post-partum women and their male partners

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natabhona M. Mabachi ◽  
Melinda Brown ◽  
Catherine Wexler ◽  
Kathy Goggin ◽  
May Maloba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Message Design ◽  
Message Content ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Verbal Immediacy ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Clinical Source

Abstract Background Prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) services in Kenya can be strengthened through the delivery of relevant and culturally appropriate SMS messages. Methods This study reports on the results of focus groups conducted with pre and postnatal women living with HIV (5 groups, n = 40) and their male partners (3 groups, n = 33) to elicit feedback and develop messages to support HIV+ women’s adherence to ART medication, ANC appointments and a facility-based birth. The principles of message design informed message development. Results Respondents wanted ART adherence messages that were low in verbal immediacy (ambiguous), came from an anonymous source, and were customized in timing and frequency. Unlike other studies, low message immediacy was prioritized over customization of message content. For retention, participants preferred messages with high verbal immediacy—direct appointment reminders and references to the baby—sent infrequently from a clinical source. Conclusion Overall, participants favored content that was brief, cheerful, and emotionally appealing.

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