The impact of a mega-event on city branding: The European Capital of Culture 2010 and the image of Istanbul

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evinç Doğan ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
World City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Symbolic Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study examines the ways in which the city image of Istanbul is re-created through the mega-events within the context of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010. Istanbul “took the stage” as one of the three ECoC cities (Essen for the Ruhr in Germany and Pécs in Hungary), where the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators of the events. Organisers and agents of the ECoC 2010 seemed to rebrand Istanbul as a “world city” rather than a “European capital”. With a series of transnational connotations, this can be considered as part of an attempt to turn Istanbul to a global city. In this study we examine posters used during the ECoC 2010 to see whether this was evident in the promoted images of Istanbul. The research employs a hermeneutic approach in which representations, signs and language are the means of symbolic meaning, which is analysed through qualitative methods for the visual data (Visual Analysis Methods), namely Semiotics and Discourse Analysis. The analysed research material comes from a sample of posters released during the ECoC 2010 to promote 549 events throughout the year. Using stratified random sampling we have drawn 28 posters (5% of the total) reflecting the thematic groups of events in the ECoC 2010. Particular attention is also paid to the reflexivity of the researchers and researchers’ embeddedness to the object of research. The symbolic production and visual representation are therefore investigated firstly through the authoritative and historically constituted discourses in the making of Istanbul image and secondly through the orders of cultural consumption and mediatisation of culture through spectacular events. Hence enforcing a transnationalisation of the image of the city where the image appears to be almost stateless transcending the national boundaries. Findings and methodology used in this study can be useful in understanding similar cases and further research into the processes of city and place branding and image relationships. 

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI KOTA RUANG PUBLIK TAMAN SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK CITRA KOTA HIJAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Mariana Rista Ananda Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
City Government ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
The City ◽  
Green City

Building an image of an area now has become the concern of many local governments in shaping the image of the city or region. Place branding is part of the study of city branding which is part of an effort to plan cities in building differentiation of images and strengthening brands. Bogor City as one of the supporting cities of capital city has a lot of potential natural resources, human resources and environmental resources that support in building the city image as a Green City. This study aims to describe the efforts of the Bogor City government in building the city image as a Green City. This paper is based on several research authors with a sequential method approach using data collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. Instead of communicating with the city marketing using media publications, the City of Bogor Government prefers to build its city image in the public's mind through a landscape strategy approach in carrying out the city's primary communication. The landscape strategy carried out by the Bogor City government in building its city image is carried out by building city parks, structuring and expanding green open spaces as a city attraction that is also seen and felt by its citizens.

Portuguese Sardines - from the ritual to the brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cecília Avelino Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
City Council ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Branding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Place branding is a network of associations in the consumer’s mind, based on the visual, verbal, and behavioral expression of a place. Food can be an important tool to summarize it as it is part of the culture of a city and its symbolic capital. Food is imaginary, a ritual and a social construction. This paper aims to explore a ritual that has turned into one of the brands of Lisbon in the past few years. The fresh sardines barbecued out of doors, during Saint Anthony’s festival, has become a symbol that can be found on t-shirts, magnets and all kinds of souvenirs. Over the year, tourists can buy sardine shaped objects in very cheap stores to luxurious shops. There is even a whole boutique dedicated to the fish: “The Fantastic World of Portuguese Sardines” and an annual competition promoted by the city council to choose the five most emblematic designs of sardines. In order to analyze the Sardine phenomenon from a city branding point of view, the objective of this paper is to comprehend what associations are made by foreigners when they are outside of Lisbon. As a methodological procedure five design sardines, were used of last year to questioning to which city they relate them in interviews carried in Madrid, Lyon, Rome and London. Upon completion of the analysis, the results of the city branding strategy adopted by the city council to promote the sardines as the official symbol of Lisbon is seen as a Folkmarketing action. The effects are positive, but still quite local. On the other hand, significant participation of the Lisbon´s dwellers in the Sardine Contest was observed, which seems to be a good way to promote the city identity and pride in their best ambassador: the citizens.

Book Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Eduardo Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
The City ◽  
The Olympic Games

Evinç Doğan (2016). Image of Istanbul, Impact of ECoC 2010 on The City Image. London: Transnational Press London. [222 pp, RRP: £18.75, ISBN: 978-1-910781-22-7]The idea of discovering or creating a form of uniqueness to differentiate a place from others is clearly attractive. In this regard, and in line with Ashworth (2009), three urban planning instruments are widely used throughout the world as a means of boosting a city’s image: (i) personality association - where places associate themselves with a named individual from history, literature, the arts, politics, entertainment, sport or even mythology; (ii) the visual qualities of buildings and urban design, which include flagship building, signature urban design and even signature districts and (iii) event hallmarking - where places organize events, usually cultural (e.g., European Capital of Culture, henceforth referred to as ECoC) or sporting (e.g., the Olympic Games), in order to obtain worldwide recognition. 

scholarly journals Gjirokastra’S Promotion as a Branding & Marketing City

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Jonida Avdulaj ◽  
Klodian Muço
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Marketing Plan ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
City Image ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Simple Economic

The sustainable development of the tourism phenomenon and the impact that it produces it is important not only for the enterprises receiving tourism but also for the economic sectors correlated with the structures above as handicrafts, trade and services, turning tourism in a primary factor for the economic development of a region or a country. To talk about tourism in a city very rich in "contrasts" such as Gjirokastra, is an issue that goes beyond simple economic aspect, generating significant consequences in terms of geography and especially in social level. This is because Gjirokastra is a city with a glorious history since the fifteenth century, rich in culture, archaeology, enogastronomia (Food and wine) and several endless natural beauties. Although is the capital of the most important cultural event, the national folk festival which perform the tradition through the art. Shortly, Gjirokastra is a genuine multidimensional brand; the promotion of it would increase the income, the employment, the consumption and most of all it would transform into in an international city. Certainly to promote this brand it is needed a coordination between decision-maker institutions and local businesses but above all is necessary an efficient and comprehensive marketing plan that promote "brand " pointing at the same time in the centre of the universe "tourist".Based on this affirmation, this paper requires just to give some modest idea on the development of the city image through qualitative and quantitative analysis of data obtained from a sample of tourists visiting various cities in the world and recently have visited the Gjirokastra.

Studying tourist intention on city tourism: the role of travel motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Khanh Chi ◽  
Vu Huyen Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Travel Motivation ◽  
City Tourism ◽  
Knowledge Enhancement ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impacts of travel motivations, time perspective and city image that affect travelers’ intention to visit city tourism. Design/methodology/approach The data in this study was collected through a structured questionnaire survey conducted in three big cities in the North of Vietnam (Hanoi, Hai Phong and Ha Long). The data set consists of 625 valid responses by Vietnamese tourists. Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test the causal relationships among time perspective, city image, travel motivations and tourist intention. Confirmatory factor analysis is conducted to verify the reliability and validity of each latent construct and to evaluate the discriminant validity, convergent validity, composition reliability and average variance extracted for the latent constructs. Findings This study finds that tourists’ travel motivations, time perspective and city image are significantly and positively associated with their intention to visit city tourism. This study also reports that tourists’ time perspective and city image are significantly and positively related to their travel motivation which is in turn significantly and positively correlated to their intention to engage in city tourism. Practical implications City tourism providers need to seek for understanding travel motivations of potential customers. City tourism products should be promoted to people who want to travel for knowledge enhancement, seeking, self-fulfillment, socializing and escape. Tourism businesses and marketers focus more on developing the overall image of city. They should have city slogan and have strategy to establish the city branding to evoke or remind the customers to come in. Since the Corona (COVID-19) pandemic impact on every nation around the world, the artificial intelligence has to be taken on city tourism to minimize the negative influence of this pandemic. Originality/value This study reveals three key determinants of tourists’ intention including travel motivations, city image and time perspective, which have unclear study in the city tourism literature. This study also explains the role of travel motivations in mediating the impacts of their time perspective and city image on their intention to visit city tourism. Improving the city image is important to attract tourists who want to engage in city tourism for knowledge enhancement, seeking, self-fulfillment, socializing or escape. Tourism providers need to have a strategy for establishing the city branding to evoke or remind the customers to come in. The time perspective should be paid more attention to tourists who want to travel to city tourism for knowledge enhancement, seeking, self-fulfillment, socializing or escape.

Cultural Heritage and Digitalization in City Branding

2022 ◽  
pp. 467-483
Author(s):  
Oya Yildirim ◽  
A. Celil Çakici
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Fundamental Feature ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

In today's competitive global environment, cities are striving to stand out and be attractive to investors, visitors, and residents. City branding is an important tool to differentiate the city from its competitors and to be preferred by visitors. Every city has its own characteristics resulting from its historical development, the influence of its geography, and its social, cultural, and economic past. Therefore, the tangible and intangible cultural heritage of cities is vital for their promotion and branding. This study aims to show the importance of their cultural heritage, which is the most fundamental feature to differentiate themselves from their competitors in city branding. It is emphasized that the cultural events organized in cities or the assets specific to cities, most of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List, have a significant impact on city branding. In addition, the chapter explains the impact of digitalization, which is one of the most important developments of our time, on city branding and cultural heritage.

scholarly journals From Landscape to Mindscape: Spatial Narration of Touristic Amsterdam

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianchen Dai ◽  
Taozhi Zhuang ◽  
Juan Yan ◽  
Tong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
Cultural Sustainability ◽  
Image Building ◽  
Categorization System ◽  
Cultural Types ◽  
The City

The cultural attributes of architecture in touristic cities are vital to city image building, city branding, and rebranding, as well as generating more economic profits for sustainable urban development, and protecting cultural sustainability. However, many studies on this theme focus on the singularity of architecture referring to its stylistic or morphological definitions, lacking attention to visitors’ cultural experiences in the architectures. Considering the importance of personal experience involved in cultural activities as a process of spatial narration through which architecture makes sense to visitors and generates cultural values, the aim of this paper is to reveal the respective correlations between different types of architecture regarding the cultural experience it imparts and the non-positive dimensions of the city image. This research builds a categorization system of three cultural types of architecture, and designs a questionnaire to collect tourists’ personal opinions concerning architectures and the city image of Amsterdam’s waterfront in order to calculate such correlations statistically. The results associate architectures with ‘tourism-oriented’, ‘present/process-based’, and ‘mass’ cultural types with non-positive dimensions of city image, which leads to further discussions of ‘authenticity’, ‘identity’, and ‘mass culture’, suggesting the significance of urban cultural policies and local communities in terms of city rebranding.

The image impact of mega-sporting events perceived by international students and their behaviour intentions

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
City Image ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
Leisure Facilities ◽  
Willingness To Recommend ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Using Shanghai F1 as an example, this research seeks to examine the impact of mega-events on host city image from the perspective of international students. Leisure facilities and service were the most positive image impact perceived by the respondents, followed by affective city images as well as opportunities and convenience. International students tended to disagree that F1 would result in any crime and security problems and were unsure about any negative impact on environment and daily life. Some of the image factors were significantly related to intention to work in the city or the willingness to recommend the city.

scholarly journals Topical symbols of Kyiv as a tourism brand

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 1238-1251
Author(s):  
Illia Afanasiev ◽  
Lesia Ustymenko ◽  
Oksana Malynovska ◽  
Valentyn Stafiichuk ◽  
Nataliia Bulhakova
Keyword(s):  
Place Branding ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Capital City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Factor Of Influence ◽  
Very High

The attention to branding, from theorists as well as from practitioners, had been remained at a very high level for the 2000s and 2010s. There many new branches of branding theory have emerged, and place branding was among them. Actually, place branding has become an umbrella term, a generic definition for three areas of study and practice: nation branding, region branding, and city branding. Every year, new scientific, journalistic, business articles and books on place branding emerge, there are even several specialized periodicals devoted to this field of branding. This study aims to identify the most relevant and effective symbol of the Ukrainian capital city Kyiv (Kiev) as a tourism brand. Questionnaire surveys and the content analysis of literature and mass media are used. Key segments and sub-segments of the target audience of Kyiv tourism branding are determined, as well as the key factor of influence on the formation of the opinion regarding the tourism symbols of Kyiv. The most common popular symbol is compared with the real resources of the city. Thus, a set of relevances is found appropriate for the development of effective branding of Kyiv.

scholarly journals STRATEGI COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE UNTUK MEMBANGUN CITY BRANDING KOTA BATU SEBAGAI KOTA WISATA

IQTISHODUNA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Uyunur Rochmawati Miladiyah ◽  
Slamet Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
City Branding ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
City Brand ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Globalization led to tough competition among cities around the world to win the competition toattract visitors and increase investment. Therefore, not only the company, the cities are also struggling tocreate uniqueness to gain an advantage in competition. It is very important to communicate the competitiveadvantages owned by these cities to the public and all parties to ensure the achievement of objectives. Citybranding is a method used to re-brand the city as identification which is expected to reflect the advantages aswell as its uniqueness. Therefore, in 2013 Shining Batu was introduced as a city brand wich expected to bereflect the competitive advantage of Batu City. The purpose of this study is to reveal aspects of the competitiveadvantages Batu City; strategies that are used in communicating it; as well as how big the impact of thecommunication strategy for the visitors Batu City. The paradigm of this research is qualitatively by case studydesign. Data were obtained by interview and documentation. The results showed that the Batu City has threeinterrelated aspects superior to one another that supports the creation of competitive advantages: geographicand agricultural sectors are packed in the development of the tourism sector. At the same time, the governmentdeveloped the program as a means of communicating Shining Batu and reflects the benefits of the city to thepublic. Shining Batu communicated through various forms of promotion that utilizes a wide variety ofcommunication tools; a variety of Tour Package; and held aa variety of routine and incidental events.Questionnaire showed that aim to dominate the number of respondents traveled, which consists of a visitor,where recreational tourist attractions types over a favorite choice than any natural attractions. Hotel is a topchoice for a place to stay. Most visitors make a visit to Batu City more than once.

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