scholarly journals Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Phytochemical Screening of Dried Ficus carica Linn Fruit Powder

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Different Types

Ficus carica L. or the common name is red figs that belong to the Moraceae family or the Mulberry family. Every part of the fruit or the tree has been able to treat different types of common diseases, for example, it is used as a natural laxative or a supplementary food for diabetes. Thus, this research uses four different solvents, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hexane, and water, to obtain the respective crude extracts in order to investigate the anti-diabetic properties by determining the inhibition of the activity of the diabetic enzymes, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase; and the DPPH assay determines the antioxidant activity while qualitative phytochemical screening was for phenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids; total quantitative phenolic and total flavonoid content was done. The phytochemical screening showed the presence of the compounds tested in different types of crude extracts. For the total phenolic content, ethyl acetate extract exhibits the highest content. In contrast, hexane extract shows the highest total flavonoid content. For the DPPH assay, ethyl acetate extract has the highest scavenging activity at 13.351 µg/mL with corresponding with the data of total phenolic content. For the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, water extract has the lowest IC50 value among the four extracts but higher value than the standard. For α-amylase inhibitory activity, only ethanol extract showed the IC50 value, but it was a high value. In conclusion, there is potential for figs to be a natural source of medicine, and the extracts tested can be used for future studies.

scholarly journals Kandungan Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Daun Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg sebagai Kandidat Obat Antidiabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Megawati Megawati ◽  
Sofa Fajriah ◽  
Edi Supriadi ◽  
Galuh Widiyarti
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ic50 Value

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the non communicable diseases (NCDs) with the largest number of deaths in the world. The Macaranga hispida (Blume) Mull. Arg is a source of phenolic compounds. Phenolic is grouped as polyphenols group that widely functioned as antidiabetic. The α-glucosidase enzyme plays a role in the forming of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The α-glucosidase enzyme can be used for antidiabetic activity assay because of its capability on breaking down carbohydrate into glucose in the human small intestine. This study aimed to determine phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antidiabetic activity of M. hispida leaves extract and its fraction. The extract and fraction were tested for the phenolic levels using Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total flavonoid using alumunium chloride method, and the antidiabetic activity using α-glukosidase method. The yield of methanolic extract of the Macaranga hispida was 10.23%. Phenolic content of the ethyl acetate fraction from the methanolic extract was 8.411 mg, equivalent to gallic acid/100 mg extract. Total flavonoid content was 6.14 ± 0.31b/b μg/mL. Antidiabetic activity assay of the extract and the fractions of Macaranga hispida resulted the highest antidiabetic activity (IC50) was in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value 21.91 μg / mL.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIMICROBIAL AND α-ΑMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF THE STEM BARK OF PISONIA GRANDIS, R.BR

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Vishu Mohan ◽  
Mohan Kumar Ramasamy ◽  
Srikalyani Vemuri ◽  
Ilango Kaliappan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

  Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibitory activity of the crude hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanolic stem bark extract of Pisonia grandis.Methods: The evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content were assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, and aluminum chloride assay, respectively. The antidiabetic activity was assessed for porcine pancreatic α-amylase for the stem bark of P. grandis. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids in all the three extracts. The antioxidant activity showed 148.2 μg/ml, total phenolic content (gallic acid equivalent), 0.0665±0.0002 mg/g, flavonoid content (quercetin equivalent), 0.6061±0.1817 mg/g, and inhibitory concentration 50% values were found to be 40.42 μg/ml and showed better in ethyl acetate extract. The antidiabetic activity exhibited mimic action with insulin due to the presence of pinnatol in the stem bark and leaves of P. grandis. Conclusion: P. grandis stem bark crude ethyl acetate extract showed strong antioxidant activity, high phenolic, and flavonoid content. The antimicrobial activity was studied in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains against ampicillin and rifampicin as reference drugs. Antidiabetic activity shows effective result by α-amylase inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals GC-MS BASED CHEMICAL PROFILING AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF LEAVES AND STEMS OF ALTERNANTHERA SESSILIS RED FROM SABAH, MALAYSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shaheen Khan ◽  
Samina Khan Yusufzai ◽  
Lim Yi Ying ◽  
Wan Zulnashriq
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to perform phytochemical screening and determination of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of various crude extracts of Alternanthera sessilis red leaves.Methods: Determination of antioxidant nature of Alternanthera sessilis red was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging method. GC-MS analysis of various crude extracts resulted in the presence of different types of low and high molecular weight compounds consisting of carbohydrates, fatty acid and vitamins.Results: Among all the extracts, methanol extracts exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 0.183 mg/ml. BHT used as the positive control showed IC50 value of 0.089 mg/mL. The results suggested that the crudes extracts of Alternanthera sessilis red exhibit moderate antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content (279.8 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (250.7 ± 0.03 mg QE/g) in methanol was estimated higher as compared to other solvents.Conclusion: The total flavonoid content and total phenolic content were  found to be higher in methanolic extract followed by ethyl acetate  and hexane extracts.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF GRAINS OF PASPALUM SCROBICULATUM

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Swati Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Paspalum scrobiculatum, commonly known as ‘Kodo’ is a millet variety found in India having medicinal and pharmaceutical importance. Crude extracts of chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol were evaluated for the presence of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the millet grains. Phytochemical screening was done for a qualitative basis of the study. Phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids in more polar solvent, methanol and ethanol. Carbohydrates and fats and oils were present in all four extracts.  The result of total phenolic content by Folin- ciocalteu method with gallic acid as standard at 765 nm ranged from 40.15 ± 0.17 to 175.94 ± 1.018 µg/100µg extract. Ethanol extract showed maximum phenolic content. The total flavonoid content at 510 nm using rutin as standard ranged from 4.88 ± 0.50 to 116.48 ± 1.57 µg/100µg extract. Highest flavonoid content was found in ethanol extract. Presence of good amount of phenolic and flavonoid content indicates presence of phytochemicals in kodo millet having good antioxidant potential.Keywords: Paspalum scrobiculatum, Phytochemical, TPC, TFC, Ethanol, etc.

Nutraceutical, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Properties of Pyropia vietnamensis (Tanaka et Pham-Hong Ho) J.E. Sutherl. et Monotilla

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Bhatia ◽  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Celia Bertha Vargas De La Cruz ◽  
Bhupal Chaugule ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Bacterial Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Pyropia genus is one of the most nutritionally rich marine algae which contain various bioactive compounds. Among Indian Pyropia species, Pyropia vietnamensis (P. vietnamensis) which was earlier known as Porphyra vietnamensis has recently documented with various reports. Present work is designed to evaulavte the radical scavenging, nutraceutical and microbicidal properties of Pyropia vietnamensis. Methods: P. vietnamensis was collected from the coastal region of Maharashtra namely Harihareshwar. Dried algal material was extracted with different solvents. Nutritional parameters such as fatty acids, minerals, dietary fibers, vitamins, lipids, ash content and protein were measured as per the standard protocol (WHO guidelines). Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric procedures were used to estimate total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Free radical scavenging activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide and superoxide anion (O2¯) assays. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by in vitro microdilution procedure to estimate minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration, against Gram-positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris). Results: Nutritional analysis revealed that Pyropia vietnamensis contained considerable amount of dietary fiber, protein, carbohydrate, methyl palmitate, magnesium, sulphur and sodium. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of methanolic fractions (913±21.7, 128±11.7) were more than aqueous fraction (841±21.2, 3.7±11.1). Aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (65.5±1.2 µg/mL, 68.3±1.6 µg/mL), nitric oxide (71.5±3.5 µg/mL, 52.3±1.9 µg/mL), and O2¯ (50.6±1.02 µg/mL, 62.1±1.03µg/mL) free radicals. Aqueous, methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions had the highest total antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration as 110–490 μg/mL and minimum bacterial concentration as 248–689 μg/mL against one Gram positive and three Gram negative microorganisms. Conclusion: Aqueous, ethyl acetate, and methanolic fractions of Pyropia vietnamensis exhibited good antimicrobial spectrum and antioxidant activity. This could be useful in preventing various oxidative stresses and pathogenic microbial strains.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties of Different Types of Torbangun Herbal Tea

REAKTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Intan Cidarbulan Matita ◽  
Titri Siratantri Mastuti ◽  
Smita Maitri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Herbal Tea ◽  
Different Types

In this study, Torbangun leaves are processed into three different types varying in their oxidation degree, namely unoxidized, semioxidized and oxidized Torbangun leaves. Each type is then brewed into herbal tea and analyzed in terms of its total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity. Unoxidized Torbangun herbal tea shows higher content of total phenolic (44.22 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid (17.02 mg QE/g) compared to oxidized (24.66 mg GAE/g total phenolic content and 8.61 mg QE/g total flavonoid content) and semioxidized (33.83 mg GAE/g total phenolic content and 10.68 mg QE/g total flavonoid content) Torbangun herbal tea. In terms of the antioxidant activity, processing the Torbangun leaves into herbal tea tremendously decreased the antioxidant activity based on the IC50 value of 1400.89 ɥg/mL for unoxidized Torbangun herbal tea, 3211.71 ɥg/mL for semioxidized Torbangun herbal tea and 4504.78 ɥg/mL for oxidized Torbangun herbal tea. However, steam blanching used in the preparation of unoxidized Torbangun leaves is proven to increase the total phenolic and flavonoid content of raw or unprocessed Torbangun leaves from 39.02 to 44.22 mg GAE/g and an increase of total flavonoid from 10.32 to 17.02 mg QE/g.Keywords: antioxidant; flavonoid; herbal tea; phenolic; torbangun

scholarly journals Brucea javanica seeds as source of potential natural antioxidants to improve biodiesel thermal and oxidative stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Ullah Hasni ◽  
Zul Ilham Zulkiflee Lubes ◽  
Jamaludin Mohamad ◽  
Mahendra Varman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Brucea Javanica ◽  
Metal Chelating

Biodiesel is one of the most promising renewable energy derived from biological sources. Biodiesel is clean and renewable biofuel but its oxidative stability is low. To increase oxidative stability of biodiesel, natural antioxidants are considered as potential compounds to be used. The purpose of the  work was to investigate and determine the antioxidation potential of Brucea javanica seeds by applying different antioxidant assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal chelating and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Furthermore, Total phenolic content (TPC) and Total flavonoid content (TFC) tests were done. Among the three extracts of Brucea javanica seeds, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest total phenolic content (98.5 ±0.1mg GAE/g dry extract). The highest total flavonoid content (20 ± 0.4mg QAE/g of dry weight) and DPPH inhibition activity 90%. Ethyl acetate extract also exhibited the highest chelating activity with 59% inhibition in the metal chelating assay. However, the Rancimat showed a maximum of 69hour induction period (IP) in biodiesel when gallic acid is added.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Etanol Herba Poguntano (Picria Fel-Terrae Lour.) Secara In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Nevi Hayati Utami ◽  
Suryadi Achamad ◽  
Panal Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Latar Belakang: Antioksidan adalah senyawa yang mampu menangkal atau meredam efek negatif oksidan dalam tubuh, bekerja dengan cara mendonorkan satu elektronnya kepada senyawa yang bersifat oksidan sehingga aktivitas senyawa oksidan tersebut dapat dihambat. Herba poguntano (Picria fel-terrae Lour.) digunakan sebagai obat antidiabetes dan telah dilaporkan mengandung senyawa kimia yang terdiri dari alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan polifenol yang merupakan metabolit sekunder yang bersifat antioksidan. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan serta mengetahui kandungan fenolat dan flavonoid total dari ekstrak etanol herba poguntano. Metode Penelitian: Ekstrak diperoleh secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, lalu dipekatkan dengan alat rotary evaporator hingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Ekstrak diuji dengan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) serta mengukur kandungan fenolat total dan flavonoid total dengan mengukur absorbansi menggunakan spektrofotometri uv-vis yang diinkubasi berturut-turut selama 60, 90 dan 40 menit pada panjang gelombang 516, 775 dan 432 nm. Hasil: Hasil pengukuran aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode pemerangkapan radikal bebas DPPH dari ekstrak etanol herba poguntano menunjukkan kekuatan antioksidan dalam kategori sangan kuat dengan nilai IC50 21.79 ppm dan kuersetin menunjukkan kekuatan antioksidan dalam kategori sangat kuat dengan nilai IC50 4.9 ppm. Hasil pengukuran kandungan fenolat total dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteau menunjukkan angka 66.29 mg GAE/g ekstrak serta hasil pengukuran kandungan flavonoid total menunjukkan angka 19.26 mg QE/g ekstrak. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol herba poguntano mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan dengan kategori sangat kuat serta memiliki kandungan fenolat total yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan kandungan flavonoid total. Background: Antioxidants are compounds capable of counteracting or reducing the negative effects of oxidants in the body. Antioxidants work by donating an electron to an oxidant compound so that the activity of the oxidant compound can be inhibited. Poguntano (Picriafel-terrae Lour) is used as an antidiabetic drug and has been reported to contain chemical compounds, , as secondary metabolites that have antioxidant properties. Objective: This study aimed to determine antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of poguntano. Research Method: . The dried materials were macerated using 96% ethanol and then it was concentrated using rotary evaporator to obtain crude extract. The extract was tested by DPPH free radical scavenging method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and the total phenolic and flavonoid content was determinedby measuring absorbance using uv-vis spectrophotometry which was incubated successively for 60, 90 and 40 minutes at wavelength 516, 775 and 432 nm. Results: The evaluationof antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging method ofethanol extract of poguntano showed the antioxidant activitywas in very strong category with IC50 value of 21.79 ppm and quercetin showed the antioxidant activitywas in very strong category with IC50 value of 4.9 ppm. The result of the measurement of total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method was66.29 mg GAE/g extract and the result of measurements of total flavonoid content was19.26 mg QE/g extract. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of poguntanohas antioxidant activity in a very strong category and it has higher total phenolic content compared with total flavonoid content.

scholarly journals QUANTIFICATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC AND TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT OF EXTRACTS OF TAGETES ERECTA FLOWERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhu N ◽  
Saxena J
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Objective: Tagetes erecta, marigold, has various ethnomedicinal uses. It has a wide variety of bioactive components such as polyphenols and flavonoids which show different bioactivities. The aim of the present study is to quantitatively estimate total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of different extracts of T. erecta flowers.Methods: Extraction was done by maceration process, sequentially from non-polar to polar. Chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of T. erecta flowers were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The extracts were analyzed for TPC and TFC using gallic acid and rutin as standard, respectively.Result: Phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolics, fats, and oils. TPC and TFC in extracts of T. erecta varies with solvents. The study revealed that methanolic extract possesses the highest phenolic content, 49.76±0.29 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract, and also maximum flavonoid content, 13.43±0.43 mg RE/g extract, among the three extracts.Conclusion: Higher value of phenolics and flavonoid indicates higher antioxidant activity. The present study revealed that methanolic extract has the highest phenolic and flavonoid content. This indicates that the flowers may possess a good antioxidant property and further research could be carried out.

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