scholarly journals Issues of Scientific Support of Radiation Safety Based on the Experience of Overcoming the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Yu.E. Kvacheva ◽  
◽  
N.K. Shandala ◽  
O.V. Parinov ◽  
E.G. Metlyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
System Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
Local Radiation

The measures on liquidation of the Chernobyl accident consequences are analyzed from the point of view of topical issues of ensuring radiation safety of the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the population. The following problems have been considered: organization of liquidation of medical and sanitary consequences and rendering medical aid to victims of the Chernobyl accident; radiation hygienic standardization, control and monitoring; improvement of emergency response system; development of new medical technologies for treatment of acute radiation disease and local radiation injuries; application of radiation protective drugs. It is stated that the experience of liquidation of the Chernobyl accident consequences created a scientifically grounded base for the work on further improvement of the radiation safety assurance system with fixation of the main provisions in the existing regulatory documents. Conclusions are drawn about the expediency of: - development of new medical and sanitary technologies aimed at ensuring radiation safety; - completion of a unified system of response and protection in the event of radiation accidents; - further search and development of methods and means of prevention and treatment of human radiation pathology, including innovative biomedical technologies; - improving the methodology for studying the consequences of radiation exposure of the personnel of radiation hazardous facilities and the population; - development of a new scientific field — medical nuclear forensics.

scholarly journals AHP Based Grassroots Emergency Response Capability Evaluation Index System Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Sijie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
System Development ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System ◽  
Process System ◽  
Importance Ranking ◽  
Capability Evaluation

The primary and secondary catastrophes of emergencies, as well as their comprehensive disasters, add a significant deal of complexity and risk to the grassroots emergency response system’s creation. The completeness of the emergency response system development is significantly related to improving the basic capacity of grassroots emergency security. The weight comparison calculation and analysis of the links at all levels in the emergency response system is carried out using the hierarchical analysis method based on the basic experience of current domestic related fields for the construction of the emergency response process system, and the results of the relative importance ranking of indicators are obtained, and this is used to provide emergency response and emergency management decision makers with emergent information.  

Situation awareness oriented user interface design for fire emergency response

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Yang, PhD, MSc, BSc, FBCS, CITP ◽  
Raj Prasanna, PhD candidate ◽  
Malcolm King, PhD, MA, FIMA, CMath
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
System Development ◽  
Fire Fighters ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System ◽  
Emergency Personnel ◽  
First Response ◽  
The Right

Emergency response management demands certain characteristics of the individuals involved. They need to act decisively on often little or incomplete information within tight time schedules, or, sometimes, with too much data from which it is difficult to extract key information. Procuring the right information at the right time, in the right format, and to get it to the right people is a challenge in any emergency response management system design; especially, as poor designs can lead to response systems that are not used, are ineffective, and in some cases dangerous to the emergency personnel. This article explores how situation awareness (SA) oriented design can be used for on-site emergency response system development. The end-user requirements are identified through extensive interviews with fire fighters and observations of fire emergency response training simulations. These requirements are calculated against the identified responsibilities of the core members in the first responder hierarchy. The on-site dynamic information which could be presented to emergency personnel is examined through the use of three SA levels to meet the various requirements of the first response party. Finally, an interface prototype of an information system for fire and rescue services is presented to illustrate the methods proposed in the article. Although our focus was on structural fire and fire fighters, the interface design for an onsite emergency response system proposed here is applicable for other emergency response situations as well, due to standard operating procedures.

Application of Locating Technology in the Highway Emergency Response System

ICCTP 2009 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hantao Zhao ◽  
Yunpeng Wang ◽  
Shiwu Li ◽  
Hongyan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System

IMPLEMENTATIONS EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ERA-GLONASS) FOR CARS AND TRUCKS IN UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akmal Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System

The paper addresses the problem of increasing transportation safety due to usage of new possibilities provided by modern technologies. The proposed approach extends such systems as ERA-GLONASS and eCall via service network composition enabling not only transmitting additional information but also information fusion for defining required emergency means as well as planning for a whole emergency response operation. The main idea of the approach is to model the cyber physical human system components by sets of services representing them. The services are provided with the capability of self- contextualization to autonomously adapt their behaviors to the context of the car-driver system. The approach is illustrated via an accident emergency situation response scenario. “ERA-GLONASS” is the Russian state emergency response system for accidents, aimed at improving road safety and reducing the death rate from accidents by reducing the time for warning emergency services. In fact, this is a partially copied European e Call system with some differences in the data being transmitted and partly backward compatible with the European parent. The principle of the system is quite simple and logical: in the event of an accident, the module built into the car in fully automatic mode and without human intervention determines the severity of the accident, determines the vehicle’s location via GLONASS or GPS, establishes connection with the system infrastructure and in accordance with the protocol, transfers the necessary data on the accident (a certain distress signal). Having received the distress signal, the employee of the call center of the system operator should call the on-board device and find out what happened. If no one answers, send the received data to Sistema-112 and send it to the exact coordinates of the team of rescuers and doctors, and the last one to arrive at the place is given 20 minutes. And all this, I repeat, without the participation of a person: even if people caught in an accident will not be able to independently call emergency services, the data on the accident will still be transferred. In this work intended to add some information about applying system project in Uzbek Roads especially mountain regions like “Kamchik” pass. The Kamchik Pass is a high mountain pass at an elevation of 2.306 m above the sea level, located in the Qurama Mountains in eastern Uzbekistan and its length is about 88km.The road to reach the pass is asphalted, but there are rough sections where the asphalt has disappeared. It’s called A373. The old road over the pass was by passed by a tunnel built in 1999. On the horizon, the snow-capped peaks of the Fan Mountains come into view. The pass is located in the Fergana Valley between the Tashkent and Namangan Regions.

scholarly journals COVID-19 emergencies around the globe: China’s experience in controlling COVID-19 and lessons learned

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Jin ◽  
Ligong Lu ◽  
Junwei Liu ◽  
Min Cui
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Global Community ◽  
Problem Statement ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System ◽  
The World ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Doctors And Nurses

Abstract Motivation Nations around the world have been significantly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. China’s strategies for controlling COVID-19 offer valuable lessons for the global community. By learning from China’s experience and lessons, other countries could also find appropriate methods to control the pandemic. Problem statement What measures has China taken to control the pandemic? What lessons has China learned through this pandemic? Approach/methods The literature on China’s lessons and experience in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic was searched and reviewed. Related newspapers and magazines were also searched. Results China’s experience can be summed up as establishing temporary hospitals, strict isolation, experts with a knowledge of COVID-19, and measures that increase social distancing. Conclusions By learning from the experience of China, other countries in the world could eventually find the methods to control the COVID-19 pandemic. An emergency response system should be established in each country. Doctors and nurses are not alone in fighting COVID-19, and the entire world is helping them. With cooperation, current difficulties could be overcome.

RADIATION HAZARDS IN THE FIELD OF PEDIATRICS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-940
Author(s):  
Meinhard Robinow ◽  
Frederic N. Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Radiation Induced

The different types of injury from external sources of ionizing radiation are briefly described and the manifestations of radiation injury in the fetus, the infant and the child are reviewed. If radiation therapy for malignant disease is excluded from consideration, it is found that x-ray damage to skin, other tissue destruction, and growth impairment are relatively minor radiation hazards compared to the dangers of leukemia and other malignancy and of radiation-induced genetic damage. Consideration is given to somatic radiation injury as largely an individual problem and genetic injury as a population problem. This point of view is reflected in the differing recommendations concerning "permissible doses" for individuals and for populations. Medical radiation represents a major and presumably growing source of exposure to individuals and to the population in the United States. Various ways are shown in which excessive diagnostic exposure to x-rays, especially in children, can be reduced without interference with requirements of diagnosis. Control of avoidable radiation can be accomplished by combined attack from different fronts. The more important approaches to radiation safety are discussed. They include attention to technical detail, personnel monitoring, maintenance of radiation records, radiation safety through legislative control and public education. The responsibility of the physician in promoting public understanding of radiation hazards is emphasized.

scholarly journals New insights into flood warning reception and emergency response by affected parties

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Kreibich ◽  
Meike Müller ◽  
Kai Schröter ◽  
Annegret H. Thieken
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Emergency Plan ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Flood Warning ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Flood Experience ◽  
Flood Warnings ◽  
Early Warnings

Abstract. Flood damage can be mitigated if the parties at risk are reached by flood warnings and if they know how to react appropriately. To gain more knowledge about warning reception and emergency response of private households and companies, surveys were undertaken after the August 2002 and the June 2013 floods in Germany. Despite pronounced regional differences, the results show a clear overall picture: in 2002, early warnings did not work well; e.g. many households (27 %) and companies (45 %) stated that they had not received any flood warnings. Additionally, the preparedness of private households and companies was low in 2002, mainly due to a lack of flood experience. After the 2002 flood, many initiatives were launched and investments undertaken to improve flood risk management, including early warnings and an emergency response in Germany. In 2013, only a small share of the affected households (5 %) and companies (3 %) were not reached by any warnings. Additionally, private households and companies were better prepared. For instance, the share of companies which have an emergency plan in place has increased from 10 % in 2002 to 34 % in 2013. However, there is still room for improvement, which needs to be triggered mainly by effective risk and emergency communication. The challenge is to continuously maintain and advance an integrated early warning and emergency response system even without the occurrence of extreme floods.

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