scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy of leaf blade and leaf sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
SN Sima ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
MT Akther ◽  
N Joarder
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis

Histology of leaf blade and sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) Beauv., indicated typical C4 Kranz anatomy. Cells of adaxial epidermis were smaller and bulliform cells were present on the adaxial epidermis. The shape of bulliform cells was bulbous; 3-7 cells were present in a group and 3-5 folds larger than epidermal cells. Three types of vascular bundles in respect of size and structure were extra large, large and small and they were part of leaf blade histology. These three sizes of vascular bundles were arranged in successive manner from midrib to leaf margin. Leaf sheath bundles were of two types: large and small. Extra large bundles were flanked by five small and four large bundles but small bundles were alternate found to be with large typed bundles. Extra large bundles were of typical monocotyledonous type but the large type had reduced xylem elements and the small typed was found to be transformed into treachery elements. Small be bundles occupied half the thickness of the flat portion of leaf blade topped by large bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis. Extra large and large bundle had been extended to upper and lower epidermis. Kranz mesophyll completely encircled the bundle sheath and radiated out into ground tissue. Midrib was projected in abaxial direction and had a central vascular bundle with large and small bundles on either side of it along the abaxial regions. The midrib vascular bundle was devoid of chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and was of non-Kranz type. Continuous sub-epidermal sclerenchyma girders were noted as adaxial hypodermis. Anatomical traits exhibited an important adaptive defense against draught and saline stress of the plant. Quantitative measurement of various anatomical traits indicated strong variations among them.J. bio-sci. 25: 17-26, 2017

scholarly journals Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Joarder ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
SN Sima ◽  
K Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Mestome Sheath ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement.   Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars.   Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer.   Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20).   Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue.   Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73

Intraspecifíc variability in Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc.

Bothalia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 901-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Frean ◽  
D. R. Barrett ◽  
D. Ariovich ◽  
M. Wolfson ◽  
C. F. Cresswell
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Double Bundle ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Mestome Sheath ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Large Numbers

Intraspecific variability in Alloteropsis semialata (R. Br.) Hitchc. is shown ultrastructurally with particular regard to the structure of the bundle sheath and the development of the dimorphic chloroplasts in both the C3 and C4 forms of this species. A. semialata is known to possess two distinct anatomical forms — Kranz and non-Kranz — within one species and occurring within a single ecological niche. Kranz and non-Kranz anatomy is known to be correlated with C3 and C4 physiology respectively. Transverse sections of leaf portions taken at midsheath, at the ligule and at midlamina show plastids with different morphologies at different ontogenetic stages. Plastid form is related to the stage of development, the influence of light on the emerging leaf and the C3 or C4form of A. semialata. Stages from amyloplast to chloroplast are investigated with regard to fine structure. Leaf transverse sections are examined microscopically and formation of new bundles, chiefly in the lamina is traced. Differences in anatomy and distribution of vascular bundles are more evident in the lamina than in the colourless leaf sheath. Both C3 and C4 forms of A. semialata are found to show chloroplast dimorphism in vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. This is shown to differ in the two forms. The specialized chloroplasts of the Kranz sheath are shown to develop in the inner or mestome sheath, and not in the parenchyma sheath as in some other members of the Kranz Panicoideae. Features of A. semialata,  such as the double bundle sheath, granal chloroplasts and large numbers of mitochondria in bundle sheath cells, in the C4 form, question the current classification of this grass as a malate former.

scholarly journals The utility of Bambusoideae (Poaceae, Poales) leaf blade anatomy for identification and systematics

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Leandro ◽  
R. T. Shirasuna ◽  
T. S. Filgueiras ◽  
V. L. Scatena
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Herbaceous Bamboos ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Woody Bamboos

Abstract Bambusoideae is a diverse subfamily that includes herbaceous (Olyreae) and woody (Arundinarieae and Bambuseae) bamboos. Species within Bambusae are particularly difficult to identify due to their monocarpic lifecycle and the often long durations between mass flowering events; whereas the herbaceous bamboos are pluricarpic, but often are found with no reproductive structures. The leaf blade anatomy of 16 sympatric species of native Brazilian bamboos (Olyreae and Bambuseae) from the Atlantic Rainforest was studied in order to detect useful features for their identification. All the studied species share the following features: epidermis with a single stratum of cells; adaxial bulliform cells; mesophyll with arm cells, rosette cells, and fusoid cells; and collateral vascular bundles. Herbaceous bamboos share two features: papillae scattered on the abaxial surface and parallel-sided arrays of bulliform cells; whereas woody bamboos share: centrally organized papillae and fan-shaped arrays of bulliform cells. Also within the woody bamboos, intercostal fibers and a midrib with only one vascular bundle (simple midrib) characterize the subtribe Arthrostylidiinae; whereas a midrib with more than one vascular bundle (complex midrib) and a stomatal apparatus with two pappilae per subsidiary cell characterize the subtribe Chusqueinae. There are also diagnostic features for the sampled species, such as: papillae shape, and the outline and structure of the midrib. An identification key for all the studied species is provided based on the anatomical features.

scholarly journals Erect culm internodal anatomy and properties of sun ecotype of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
SN Sima ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
N Joarder
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tissues

Internodal anatomy of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. was described in this paper. Culm internodes were completely encircled by leaf sheath. Peripheral vascular bundles were many in number and small in size. Central bundles were large in size and a few in number. Large bundles were of various sizes and vascular tissues well developed. Each vascular bundle had strong mass of sclerenchyma tissue arching over the phloem in the form of phloem hood. Small bundles were poorly developed in respect of vascular tissue. A small percentage of vascular bundle consisted of phloem tissue only fundamental ground tissues were parenchyma in nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22725 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 67-72, 2015 (March)

Leaf ultrastructure in species of Gomphrena and Pfaffia (Amaranthaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Emília Estelita-Teixeira ◽  
Walter Handro
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lamellar System ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Vascular Parenchyma

Ultrastructural aspects, especially the organization of chloroplasts and their distribution, were studied in leaves of three species of Gomphrena (G. macrocephala, G. prostrata, and G. decipiens) presenting "Kranz anatomy," and in Pfaffia jubata, without that characteristic. In Gomphrena spp. the distribution of chloroplasts according to the complexity of their lamellar system seems to follow a gradient: most of the chloroplasts in the bundle sheath cells have poorly developed grana but some of them, in the cell side opposite to the vascular bundle, may present conspicuous grana. A similar situation occurs in "Kranz mesophyll cells," but in this case grana are more developed. Finally, chloroplasts in "non-Kranz mesophyll cells" have the more developed grana. In P. jubata no differences occur in chloroplast structure, all of them showing well-organized grana. Chloroplasts with well-developed grana were found in vascular parenchyma and in companion cells of Gomphrena spp. and P. jubata.

The translocation of photosynthetically assimilated 14C in corn

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hofstra ◽  
C. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lateral Movement ◽  
Cutting Out ◽  
Corn Plants

A detailed study was made of translocation of photosynthetically assimilated 14C in 3- to 6-week-old corn plants. Corn assimilated 14C via malate and aspartate, and incorporated most of the 14C into sucrose, the only translocation compound. Lowering the temperature from 26° to 8 °C delayed the incorporation of 14C into sucrose, but had no effect on the distribution of 14C among the intermediates. Recent 14C assimilate was translocated very rapidly from the fed area, the amount remaining in the fed area decreasing logarithmically with time. The translocate moved down the vascular bundle it entered in the fed area, with no detectable lateral movement. The logarithmic profile in the leaf blade appeared to be the result of a temporary accumulation of the labelled pulse in the separate vascular bundles. This accumulation of sucrose in the veins could be eliminated by cutting out the fed area. Between 80 and 90% of the assimilated 14C was translocated from the fed area of the leaf in 24 hours with 50% moved out in the first 30 minutes. Both the rate of translocation and the total amount moved out of the fed area increased as the temperature was changed over the range 7 to 26 °C. Each leaf of young corn plants both imported assimilates from and exported assimilates to all other parts of the plant.

Origin of inverted vascular bundles in winged leaves of Scleria plusiophylla (Cyperaceae)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 893-899
Author(s):  
Kátia Arenhart Hoss ◽  
Rafael Trevisan ◽  
Ana C. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Transition Region ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Normal Differentiation

The genus Scleria P.J. Bergius is pantropical, occurs in various habitats such as forests, fields, and wetlands, and is morphologically diverse. Some species have a winged sheath, which remains on the leaf blade and forms the last pair of costae. Anatomical observations of leaf blades of Scleria plusiophylla Steud. revealed the presence of inverted vascular bundles in the region of the wing. During the development of the shoot apical meristem of S. plusiophylla, it was observed that the wing emerges through divisions and enlargement of protoderm cells of the abaxial surface and subsurface cells (ground meristem) of the sheath. The ground meristem, from both sides of the sheath, gives rise to the procambial strands, which have normal differentiation. Subsequently, in the transition region between the sheath and the leaf blade, the growth of the sheath ends and the development of the leaf blade continues with the wings remaining adnate to the blade and initially folded towards the dorsal surface. As the leaf blade develops, the wings gradually unfold. Bulliform cells on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, which marked the beginning of the wing, and inverted vascular bundles intercalated with normal vascular bundles, are also observed. It was concluded that all of the bundles in the wing of the leaf blade have normal development and follow the orientation of development related to the side of the sheath from which they were initially derived, resulting in vascular bundles with different phloem positions.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and proportion of leaf blade tissues of elephant grass clones under sheep grazing

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1268-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Leal Viana ◽  
Alexandre Carneiro Leão de Mello ◽  
Adriana Guim ◽  
Mário de Andrade Lira ◽  
José Carlos Batista Dubeux Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Vascular Sheath

Abstract: The objective of this work was to characterize morphologically elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes and to estimate their proportions of leaf blade tissues under grazing. Two tall varieties (Elephant B and IRI-381) and three short ones (Mott, Taiwan A-146 2.37, and Taiwan A-146 2.114) were evaluated under intermittent sheep grazing as to the following morphological characteristics: plant height, internode length, and leaf blade/culm ratio. Moreover, the proportions of the following leaf blade tissues were estimated: sclerenchyma, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, bulliform cells, vascular bundles, phloem, vascular sheath, xylem, and mesophyll. The short varieties were 28.6% shorter than the tall ones and showed higher leaf blade/culm ratio; Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 had the shortest internodes of 3.9 and 4.7 cm, respectively, over ten grazing cycles. The clones differed regarding their proportions of leaf blade tissues, except for abaxial epidermis, phloem, and xylem. The differences in morphological characteristics indicate that the short clones Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.114 are better adapted to sheep grazing, and, therefore, may be recommended for the improvement of pastures.

scholarly journals Micro-morphological descriptions on Cenchrus species from Rajasthan (India)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2141
Author(s):  
Sunita Arora ◽  
Ganesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Thar Desert ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Famine Food ◽  
Large Vessels

Present investigation was carried out to screen micro-morphological features of Cenchrus species (C4 plant) belonging to family Poaceae. This is an important medicinal, fodder as well as crop plant and traditionally used as famine food during drought. It is best suited for desert environmental conditions.  In extreme conditions when food is in scarce, seeds of this grass are consumed by tribals. The microscopical illustrations revealed several interesting features i.e. presence of cuticle, bulliform cells, trichomes, lysigenous cavity, more amount of chlorenchyma, Y- shaped vascular bundles, double layered bundle sheath, large vessels and starch grains that support its assimilation efficacy and survival in typical conditions of Thar Desert. This study helps in referential identification, authentication, standardization and detection of adaptation strategies to understand biology of this plant.

Study of anatomical parameters of leaf and brix content of some promising commercial Indian varieties of sugarcane

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Animesh Mondal ◽  
Tuhin Pal ◽  
Kalyan Kumar De
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Regression Curve ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Photosynthetic Cells ◽  
Linear Regression Curve ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The structural and quantitative diversity of Kranz anatomy of nineteen Indian varieties of sugarcane was studied in relation to brix content or yield of sugar. The nature and distribution of Kranz tissue and types of vascular bundle in the leaf blade have also been described and discussed. In hand made transverse sections of leaf blade of sugarcane varieties, two different sizes (large and small) of vascular bundles were found. The large vascular bundles were characterized by the presence of metaxylem vessels on the either side of protoxylem. The small vascular bundles entirely consist of metaxylem but lack of protoxylem. Variation of Brix content of the basal, middle and top part of Culm of nineteen varieties was also observed. Statistically, average Brix content was positively correlated with the total area of the photosynthetic cells as well as bundle sheath cells and the linear regression curve followed the straight line.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document