Study of anatomical parameters of leaf and brix content of some promising commercial Indian varieties of sugarcane

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Animesh Mondal ◽  
Tuhin Pal ◽  
Kalyan Kumar De
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Regression Curve ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Photosynthetic Cells ◽  
Linear Regression Curve ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The structural and quantitative diversity of Kranz anatomy of nineteen Indian varieties of sugarcane was studied in relation to brix content or yield of sugar. The nature and distribution of Kranz tissue and types of vascular bundle in the leaf blade have also been described and discussed. In hand made transverse sections of leaf blade of sugarcane varieties, two different sizes (large and small) of vascular bundles were found. The large vascular bundles were characterized by the presence of metaxylem vessels on the either side of protoxylem. The small vascular bundles entirely consist of metaxylem but lack of protoxylem. Variation of Brix content of the basal, middle and top part of Culm of nineteen varieties was also observed. Statistically, average Brix content was positively correlated with the total area of the photosynthetic cells as well as bundle sheath cells and the linear regression curve followed the straight line.

scholarly journals Leaf blade and midrib anatomy of two sugarcane cultivars of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Joarder ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
SN Sima ◽  
K Parvin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Mestome Sheath ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

Context: Kranz anatomy of locally developed sugarcane cultivars were studied in relation to C4 vascular arrangement.   Objective: The objective of this study was to make gross cross-sectional anatomy and quantitative assessment of the anatomic traits of the leaf-blade and midrib of the sugarcane cultivars.   Materials and Methods: Leaf blade and leaf sheath of two sugarcane cultivars Ishurdi 20 and Ishurdi 32 were used as the materials. Free hand section with appropriate stain were used. Sections were studied using an advanced biological system microscope fitted with motic camera. Anatomic traits were studied through motic image plus J 1.0 software using Macintosh computer.   Results: Three sized vascular bundles and significant differences in distance between those vascular bundles were noted. Ishurdi 32 possessed two sized vascular bundles. Large vascular bundles characters by two large metaxylem vessels on either side of protoxylem. Phloem well developed. Intermediate and small bundles lack metaxylem vessels and protoxylem, but have metaphloem with thick and thin walled sieve tubes. Bundle sheaths have extended to upper and lower epidermis but for small bundle it is extended to abaxial epidermis. Vascular bundles are almost completely surrounded by chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and associated with hypodermal sclerenchyma on both abaxially and adaxially except small blade bundles which associated with the abaxial sclerenchyma. Bundle sheath cells were smaller in large and larger in other two types of vascular bundle. An inner mestome sheath with thickened walls is always present round the phloem and metaxylem around all or part of the xylem in large and intermediate bundles. In small bundles mestome sheath is altogether absent. Bulliform cells with varied area were present on the adaxial epidermis opposite to small vascular bundles. Midrib anatomy consists of central large vascular bundles lacking bundle sheath cells pushed deep inside parenchymatous hypodermis from abaxial hypodermal sclerenchyma girders. Lack of Kranz traits, and bundle sheath cells have transformed into sclerenchymatous bundle cover. Central mid-rib large bundle flanked by 3-10 small bundles on either side of midrib which have Kranz system of anatomy. Midrib region have continuous hypodermis consists of sclerenchyma cells and it is few layer (Ishurdi 32) to multilayer (Ishurdi 20).   Conclusion: Kranz system with well developed bundle sheath associated with Kranz mesophil in the leaf blade were observed but Kranz tissue absent in midrib region. Large and small vascular bundles alternate all alone the leaf blade. Bulliform cell well develop indicates zeric adaptation. Two cultivars differ in respect of quantitative expression of Kranz tissue.   Keywords: Sugarcane cultivar; Kranz tissue; bulliform cells; mestome sheath. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8778 JBS 2010; 18(0): 66-73

scholarly journals Cross-sectional anatomy of leaf blade and leaf sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
SN Sima ◽  
AK Roy ◽  
MT Akther ◽  
N Joarder
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Adaxial Epidermis

Histology of leaf blade and sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) Beauv., indicated typical C4 Kranz anatomy. Cells of adaxial epidermis were smaller and bulliform cells were present on the adaxial epidermis. The shape of bulliform cells was bulbous; 3-7 cells were present in a group and 3-5 folds larger than epidermal cells. Three types of vascular bundles in respect of size and structure were extra large, large and small and they were part of leaf blade histology. These three sizes of vascular bundles were arranged in successive manner from midrib to leaf margin. Leaf sheath bundles were of two types: large and small. Extra large bundles were flanked by five small and four large bundles but small bundles were alternate found to be with large typed bundles. Extra large bundles were of typical monocotyledonous type but the large type had reduced xylem elements and the small typed was found to be transformed into treachery elements. Small be bundles occupied half the thickness of the flat portion of leaf blade topped by large bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis. Extra large and large bundle had been extended to upper and lower epidermis. Kranz mesophyll completely encircled the bundle sheath and radiated out into ground tissue. Midrib was projected in abaxial direction and had a central vascular bundle with large and small bundles on either side of it along the abaxial regions. The midrib vascular bundle was devoid of chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and was of non-Kranz type. Continuous sub-epidermal sclerenchyma girders were noted as adaxial hypodermis. Anatomical traits exhibited an important adaptive defense against draught and saline stress of the plant. Quantitative measurement of various anatomical traits indicated strong variations among them.J. bio-sci. 25: 17-26, 2017

The potential digestibility of cellulose in grasses and its relationship with chemical and anatomical parameters

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cellulose Digestibility ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

SUMMARYPotential cellulose digestibility, measured by incubation in vitrofor 6 days, decreased during floral development in perennial ryegrass, Wimmera ryegrass, cocksfoot, oat and tall fescue. The rate of decline was slower than for cellulose digestibility measured after incubation in vitro for 2 days only. Morphological fractions ranked in order of descending potential cellulose digestibility – leaf blade, inflorescence, leaf sheath and stem.Lignin content was determined chemically by the method of Van Soest (1963) and lignified tissue was assessed by staining transverse sections of leaf blades and leaf sheaths with safranin and fast green. Both lignin and lignified tissue increased with maturity. Lignified tissue increased mainly through increase in the number of scleren-chyma cells, but was also affected by the formation of lacunae or cavities between the vascular bundles in leaf blades of cocksfoot and in leaf sheaths of all species studied. For 19 samples of leaf blades and leaf sheaths, potential cellulose digestibility had significant negative correlations with both lignin content (r = -0·862) and lignified tissue (r = -0·905). Limitations to the techniques used to assess lignification and further factors which may affect the relationship between lignification and potential cellulose digestibility are discussed.

Response of alfalfa and sugar beet to field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) parasitism: a physiological and anatomical approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Saric-Krsmanovic ◽  
Dragana Bozic ◽  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Jelena Gajic Umiljendic ◽  
Sava Vrbnicanin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
Leaf Parameters ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

The physiological and anatomical impact of field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on alfalfa and sugar beet was examined under controlled conditions. The following parameters were checked: physiological — content of pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids) and mineral nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and percent of organic and mineral nutrients; and anatomical — thickness of the epidermis and cortex, diameter of the stem and central cylinder of alfalfa plants, diameter of tracheids and phloem cells, area of xylem and phloem, and hydraulic conductance of petiole bundles in petiole vascular bundles of sugar beet plants. Leaf parameters were also measured on both host plants: thickness of upper and underside leaf epidermis, thickness of palisade, spongy and mesophyll tissue, and diameter of vascular bundle cells. Pigments content and anatomical parameters were measured 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after infestation (DAI), while mineral nutrient contents were determined 20 and 40 DAI. Field dodder caused a significant reduction in pigments content in infested alfalfa (15%–68%) and sugar beet plants (1%–54%). The results obtained in this study confirmed that this parasitic flowering plant has a strong effect on most anatomical parameters of the stem and leaf of alfalfa and leaf and petiole of sugar beet. Also, it was revealed that field dodder increased the contents of N, P2O5, K2O, and organic nutrients in infested alfalfa plants, while infested sugar beet plants had higher contents of N and organic nutrients compared with non-infested plants.

Phenolic Deposits and Kranz Syndrome in Leaf Tissues of Spotted (Euphorbia maculata) and Prostrate (Euphorbia supina) Spurge

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Rex N. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Fixation Technique ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Sheath Cells

Spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculataL.) and prostrate spurge (E. supinaRaf.), both in subgenusChamesyce,were examined by light and electron microscopy using a caffeine - fixation technique to sequester the phenolic pools intercellularly. Both species have typical dicotyledon-type Kranz anatomy. Sequestered phenolic pools were located in vacuoles in epidermal and mesophyll cells. Only in spotted spurge, however, were additional phenolic pools formed in bundle - sheath cells. This study was undertaken because allelopathy has been demonstrated in prostrate spurge and because phenolic compounds have been implicated in allelopathy. These results would indicate that spotted spurge should also be allelopathic.

The distribution and ultrastructure of chloroplasts in leaves differing in photosynthetic carbon metabolism. I. Wheat, Sorghum, and Aristida (Gramineae)

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bisalputra ◽  
W. J. S. Downton ◽  
E. B. Tregunna
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Photosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism ◽  
High Carbon Dioxide

The ultrastructure of the chlorenchymatous tissues around the vascular bundles of three different types of grass leaves is described. In the temperate grass leaf, as exemplified by wheat, the inner mestom sheath contains proplastids. Normal chloroplasts are found only within the mesophyll cells. Smaller chloroplasts occur in cells of the ill-defined parenchymatic bundle sheath. This type of leaf has the photosynthetic pathway described by Calvin and a high carbon dioxide compensation value. In the tropical grasses, Sorghum and Aristida, the new photosynthetic pathway proposed by Hatch et al. and low carbon dioxide compensation are correlated with development of the parenchymatic bundle sheath. Cytological evidence indicates that cells of the bundle sheath are much more active than the surrounding mesophyll tissue. The specialized chloroplasts of the bundle sheath cells may be responsible for the physiological and biochemical differences between leaves of tropical and temperate grasses.

Collenchyma in Panicum maximum (Poaceae): localisation and possible role

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elder A. S. Paiva ◽  
Sílvia R. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Phases Of Development

This work relates the occurrence and distribution of collenchyma in Panicum maximum Jacq. P.�maximum leaves were collected at different phases of development and sampled from both the base of the sheath and from the sheath–leaf blade transition area. For the stems, the study was made by using hand-cut sections of the internodal base. In the leaves, analyses of serial sections showed, at the base and sheath–leaf blade transition area, a sudden change of tissue at vascular bundle. The vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchyma, both in the sheath and the leaf blade, as well as by fibrous threads that occur on the adaxial side of the central bundles. However, at the base of the sheath and at the sheath–leaf blade transition area, sclerenchyma was substituted for collenchyma. In the stem, the substitution of sclerenchyma associated with vascular bundles for collenchyma occurs at the base of the internode, in the pulvinus region. The analyses from transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of lamellated cell wall and active protoplast in collenchyma cells.

scholarly journals Morphology and Anatomy of the Fused Vein Trait in Cucurbita pepo L.

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
R. Bruce Carle ◽  
J. Brent Loy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Stage

The morphology, growth rate and anatomy of the fused vein trait were characterized in Cucurbita pepo using the inbreds NH2405 (fused vein), NH7210 (moderately fused vein), and NH614 (normal). Morphological analysis showed that the trait is characterized by a partial fusion of the five primary leaf veins. Fusion begins at the distal point of the petiole and extends along the central vein. Branching of the veins is delayed and there is a reduction of the interveinal leaf blade. Consequently, the upper leaf surface appears puckered or wrinkled. Depending on genetic background, the onset of fused vein leaf production starts at the fourth to tenth leaf stage and continues throughout vegetative growth. The extent of fusion increases with leaf number but stabilizes by the twentieth leaf stage maximum extent of vein fusion also varies with genetic background (5-20 cm). Though fused vein and normal inbreds differed in the rate and pattern of leaf growth, examination of F2 and BC populations revealed no significant effect of the fused vein trait on leaf number, leaf size, and rate of leaf initiation. Anatomical examination revealed different vascular patterns in the transition zone between petiole and leaf blade for normal and fused vein leaves. In normal leaves, the vascular bundles of the petiole enlarge and coalesce to form a vascular crescent. The crescent reorganizes and diverges as large vascular columns and pairs of smaller flanking vascular bundles into each vein. In contrast, two cycles of enlargement, coalescence, and dispersal occur in fused vein leaves.

scholarly journals Ecological anatomy of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (MYRTACEAE) in the restinga region,state of Ceará

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane de Oliveira Thomaz Lemos ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonilla ◽  
Bruno Edson-Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Ecological Anatomy ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Sclerenchyma Fibers

Abstract The species Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (myrtle) occurs in the coastal region of the state of Ceará and has ecological and medicinal importance. This study aimed to characterize the leaf anatomy of myrtle (E. punicifolia) in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade in the restinga region of the state of Ceará and to contribute to the understanding of the morphoanatomic variations in response to the natural conditions of the occurrence of this species. For this, collections of fully expanded leaves were performed at the Botanical Park of Ceará and fixed in FAA70, being replaced by 70% ethanol after 24 hours. The usual anatomical procedures were then performed in order to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the leaf blade, petiole and epidermis structures. As a result, it was found that myrtle has xeromorphic characteristics such as thick cuticle, hypoestomatic leaf and sclerenchyma fibers in the median vein vascular bundles. It was concluded that E. punicifolia has great plasticity to adjust well under the analyzed conditions.

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