scholarly journals Economics of Black gram cultivation and its impact on farmers livelihood in two selected districts of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
M Mohiuddin ◽  
N Akter ◽  
R Khanum
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Price Instability ◽  
Returns To Labour

The present study is an attempt to assess the existing agronomic practices of black gram cultivation, its impact on farmers livelihood and constraints of black gram production and marketing. Primary data from 85 farmers were collected during February to March 2016 through face to face interviews. Descriptive statistics and Garret ranking method were used to analyze the data. The majority of the farmers had sown seeds during the last week of September to first week of October. The average seed rate was found to be 19.36 kg per hectare which indicated that all farm households used below recommended dose of seeds (35-40 kg/ha). The average yield of black gram was found higher than the national average. The average net income was observed to be Tk. 26990 and Tk. 19845 in Sherpur and Jamalpur respectively. The average gross margin was observed to be Tk. 37629 on total variable cost basis. It was also found that average returns to labour was Tk. 1000/man-day in Sherpur and Tk. 692/man-day in Jamalpur district respectively. It was also observed that all kinds of livelihood assets of the selected farmers increased significantly through black gram farming. The results revealed that the main constraints faced by black gram grower were lack of irrigation facility, non availability of HYV seeds, low output price, labour scarcity, lack of knowledge about improved varieties with their production technology, excessive rainfall after flowering and weak research-extension farmers linkage etc. Farmers also faced some marketing related problems such as limited buyers, price instability, lack of storage facilities and high market toll. Farmers cultivated black gram because of higher yield, higher income, and easy growing. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 83-96 (2018)

scholarly journals Economics of marigold cultivation in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Haque ◽  
MA Monayem Miah ◽  
S Hossain ◽  
M Alam
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Full Cost ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Benefit Cost

Marigold cultivation is now a profitable enterprise to the farmers, but the socioeconomic data and information of this flower are very scarce in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was conducted to identify agronomic practices, analyze relative profitability, and input-output relationship during February 2011. Primary data were collected from 100 randomly selected farmers from Jessore and Jhenaidah districts. The results indicated that 95% farmers cultivated T- 004 line and only 5% farmers cultivated T- 003 line of marigold. The per hectare costs of marigold cultivation were Tk. 1,47,234 and Tk. 1,02,858 on full cost and variable cost, respectively. The major share of full cost was for human labour (34%), land use (18%), fertilizer (15%), and irrigation (10%). The yield of marigold was 2,650,447 flowers per hectare. The gross margin and net return were Tk.1, 62,186 and Tk.1, 17,812 per hectare, respectively. The net return was 81% higher than lentil, 85% higher than mustard, and 6% lower than potato cultivation. The benefit cost ratios were 2.57 and 1.80 on variable cost and full cost basis, respectively. Cobb-Douglas production function revealed that human labour, land preparation, seedling, urea, TSP, MoP, and irrigation had positive effect on marigold cultivation. The lack of technical knowledge, nonavailability of high yielding variety, and infestation of insects and diseases were major problems for marigold cultivation. Therefore, necessary steps from concerned authority are needed to overcome these problems. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i4.14395 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(4): 711-720, December 2012

scholarly journals Analysis of the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Joseph Ugah Ukpabuku ◽  
Susana Ben Ohen
Keyword(s):  
Least Square ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Access To Credit

This study was undertaken to evaluate the profitability micro broiler businesses in Calabar metropolis. The specific objectives of the study were to evaluate the profitability of micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis, analyses selected factors which affects the profitability of micro broiler enterprises and to identify the constraints faced by micro broiler enterprises in Calabar metropolis. It made use of primary data obtained from a random sample of 112 micro broiler operators. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profitability ratios, cost and return analysis and Ordinary Least Square Multiple regression approach. The cost and returns analysis showed that the total variable cost of production per cycle amounted to N45,931,670.00 with cost of feed contributing 60.11 percent to the total cost. Total production cost per bird was N1,213.77 and total revenue per bird was N1,862.39, showing a gross margin of  N684.96 and a net income of N648.62 per bird produced. The rate of return on sales (0.35), rate of return on investment (0.53), rate of return on variable cost (1.55) and operating ratio (0.63) all show that micro broiler business in Calabar metropolis was profitable. Output of broiler (flock size) (p<0.01), cost of day old chicks (p<0.05), and transportation fare (p<0.1) were significant to the variation in maximum variable profit. The most dominant constraints identified in the study included; inflationary/recessionary trends, high cost of inputs, poor access to credit, high competition and disease/pest in that order. The study recommended that micro broiler operators should organize themselves into cooperative societies to enable them enjoy the benefits of economies of size and credit facilities from lending agencies.  Keywords: Profitability, enterprises, micro, broiler, cost and returns

scholarly journals Economics of hybrid maize production in some selected areas of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Karim ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
QM Alam
Keyword(s):  
High Price ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Hybrid Maize

The present study is an attempt to assess the existing agronomic practices of hybrid maize cultivation, its profitability, constraints, and factors affecting hybrid maize production. The majority of the total farmers sowed seeds during the first week of December. The average seed rate was found to be 20.94 kg per hectare. About 16 varieties were found to cultivate by farmers, of which majority farmers used NK-40 followed by Pacific-II. All kinds of fertilizer used by the farmers were below the optimum level of recommendation. About 33 and 28 percent of the total variable cost was for human labour and chemical fertilizer, respectively. The average yield of hybrid maize was found higher than the national average. The average gross margin was observed to be Tk. 28456 on total variable cost basis. The cost per kilogram of maize cultivation was Tk. 4.12 and return from one kilogram of maize production was Tk. 7.80. It is found that the coefficient of human labour, land preparation, irrigation, urea and borax have significantly impact on gross return. Timely non-availability of seeds, high price of fertilizer, and low price of yield were the major problems for hybrid maize production. Farmers cultivated hybrid maize because of higher yield, higher income, and easy growing. Keywords: Gross return; gross margin; profitability. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i1.5869Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(1) : 83-93, March 2010

scholarly journals PROFITABILITAS DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHATANI BAWANG MERAH DI KABUPATEN BANTUL DAN KABUPATEN NGANJUK

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fauzan
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Production Function ◽  
Return On Capital ◽  
Frontier Production Function ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p><em>The board objective of study is to evaluate the profitability and technical efficiency of shallot farming in Bantul and Nganjuk regency. The specific objectives are to (1) Evaluate the profitability of shallot farmers in the study area and (2) Determine the levefl of technical efficiency of shallot farmers. The primary data used for the study obtained using structured questionnaire administered to 60 selected farmers. Gross margin, net farm income, gross ratio, operation ratio, return on capital invested, and stochastic frontier production function were used to analyze the data. The study showed that (1) shallot farming in Bantul and Nganjuk regency was profitable with net income Rp 20.903.711,00/ha and Rp 35.294.540,00/ha, (2) the distribution of the technical efficiency indices revealed that the most of the farmers were technically efficient with mean TE Index of 0.802 (Bantul) and 0,929 (Nganjuk), (3) the result of the inefficiency model showed that years of education (Bantul) and age (Nganjuk) significantly increased the farmers technical efficiency.     </em></p><p> </p><p><em>Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi profitabilitas dan efisiensi teknis usahatani bawang merah di Kabupaten Bantul dan Kabupaten Nganjuk. Secara spesifik, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui profitabilitas usahatani bawang merah di lokasi penelitian dan (2) mengetahui tingkat efisiensi teknis petani bawang merah. Penelitian ini mengggunakan data primer hasil survey pada 60 petani responden dengan menggunakan kuisioner yang telah dirancang sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Gross margin, net farm income, gross ratio, operation ratio, return on capital invested, dan fungsi produksi frontier stokastik digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) usahatani bawang merah di Kaupaten Bantul dan Kabupaten Nganjuk menguntungkan untuk dijalankan dengan net income Rp 20.903.711,00/ha and Rp 35.294.540,00/ha, (2) distribusi tingkat efisiensi teknis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas petani telah mencapai tingkat yang efisien dengan rata-rata TE Index 0,802 (Bantul) dan 0,929 (Nganjuk), (3) hasil analisis model in-efisiensi menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan (Bantul) and umur (Nganjuk) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan efisiensi teknis petani.</em></p>

scholarly journals Agro-economic analysis of maize production in Bangladesh: a farm level study

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MK Karim ◽  
QM Alam
Keyword(s):  
High Price ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Cash Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study was carried out in four major maize growing areas namely Chuadanga, Dinajpur, Bogra and Lalmonirhat during 2006-2007 to know profitability level of maize production in Bangladesh. A total of 200 randomly selected maize growers taking 50 from each location were interviewed using pre-designed interview schedule. The average yield was found to be 8.00 t/ha. The average costs of maize production were Tk 44197, Tk 33195 and Tk 24441 per hectare on total cost, variable cost and cash cost basis respectively and gross return was Tk 69773 per hectare. The gross margin was Tk 36578/ha on total variable cost (TVC) and Tk 45332/ha on cash cost basis. The net return was observed to be Tk 25575 per hectare. Benefit cost ratios were calculated as 1.58, 2.10 and 2.85 on total cost, variable cost and cash cost basis respectively. As a result, maize cultivation was more profitable. Lack of capital and high price of TSP were the main constraints to its higher production.Key Words: Maize; production; agro-economic.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5748Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 15-24, March 2009

scholarly journals Panikachu (Calocasis esculenta L. Schott) cultivation in some selected areas of Bangladesh: an agro-economic profile

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
MA Haque ◽  
MA Monayem Miah ◽  
S Hossain ◽  
AN Luna
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Varietal Improvement ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Positive Effect

Panikachu is a nutritious vegetable contributing to the total supply of vegetables during the summer in Bangladesh. Many farmers cultivate this crop from their innovative ideas. Researchers are unable to formulate adequate research design for its varietal improvement and technology packages. Therefore, the study was conducted in two panikachu growing districts, namely Joypurhat and Jessore during February 2011 to know the profitability of panikachu cultivation. In total, 100 panikachu farmers were selected of which 50 farmers from each area were selected randomly to collect primary data. The results indicated that the costs of panikachu cultivation were Tk. 2,67,726 and Tk. 1,84,530 per hectare on total cost and variable cost basis, respectively. The major share of total cost was for human labour (45%), land use (17%), and fertilizer (15%). The yield for rhizome and stolon were 24.94 tons and 23.29 tons per hectare. The gross margin and net returns were Tk. 2,06,058 and Tk. 1,22,862 per hectare. The benefit cost ratios was 1.46. Human labour, manure, urea, TSP, MoP, insecticides, and irrigation had positive effect on the yield of panikachu. Lack of technical knowledge about improved cultivation practices, non-availability of HYV seedling, and low price of product were major constraints to panikachu cultivation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i3.16977 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(3): 505-513, September 2013

scholarly journals Management of agribusiness enterprise-an analysis of sheep rearing in Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
S. Shabeer ul hasan ◽  
M.R. Girish ◽  
Mamatha Girish
Keyword(s):  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Backward And Forward Linkages

The present study was conducted in Bagepalli taluk of Chikkaballapur district of Karnataka state to analyse the backward and forward linkages in sheep rearing; to assess the financial viability of sheep rearing and to identify the constraints in sheep rearing. The primary data for the study was collected from 40 sheep rearers. Majority of the sample sheep rearers used their own money realised from horticultural and agricultural crops for investing in sheep enterprise while some of them, especially women borrowed credit from SHGs. The family members met the labour requirements of sheep rearing. Chelur sheep shandy was the only sheep market located in Bagepalli taluk. It is a popular weekly shandy held every Friday where sheep is traded in large numbers. The total cost incurred and the gross returns realised per annum for rearing a flock size of 61 sheep was Rs. 1,59,577/ - and Rs. 2,74,788/-, respectively, resulting in a net returns of Rs. 1,15,211/-. Among the variable costs, labour was the major cost accounting for about 83 per cent of the total variable cost. The sale of adult sheep accounted for about 75 per cent of the gross returns followed by sale of lambs (18.76%), sale of manure (4.13%), sale of meat (1.95%), etc. At 12 per cent discount rate, the NPW, BCR and IRR were found to be Rs. 3,56,943.40/-, 1.72 and 53.77per cent, respectively, indicating the financially viability of sheep rearing. Scarcity of water and exploitation by middlemen were the major constraints faced by sheep rearers.

scholarly journals Analisis Pendapatan Petani Nanas di Desa Tanjung Atap Kecamatan Tanjung Batu Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Analysis of Revenue of Pineapple Farmers in Tanjung Atap Village, Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Mulyana
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Pineapple Fruit ◽  
One Year

The purpose of this research are: (1) Calculate production cost and acceptance of pineapple farmer in Tanjung Atap Village, Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency. (2) Calculating the income of pineapple farmers who have narrow land and large area in Tanjung Atap Village, Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency. Data collected in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained directly in the field by way of direct survey and field interviews with sample farmers using a list of questions that have been prepared. Secondary data are obtained from various institutions and agencies related to this research and the literature relating to this research. Sampling in Tanjung Atap Village, Tanjung Batu District, Ogan Ilir Regency is Simple Random Sampling. Data obtained from the field survey results will be collected and processed systematically and will be analyzed in a desktiptive manner.The average pineapple fruit production per year is 1,8640 with the average selling price is Rp 1,555.24 in 3 (three) times the planting period per fruit so that the average revenue earned during one year is Rp. 29,422,142,86 per year. With an average variable cost and a flat fee of Rp. 11,631,571,43 and Rp. 73,764,28 so that farmers get net income from farming of Rp. 17.716.807,58.

scholarly journals Socio Economic Analysis of Broiler Farms in Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu State

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
M. Kandeeban ◽  
S. Praveena ◽  
Raj Shravanthi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Roof Material ◽  
Tamil Nadu State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Category

The study was conducted to identify the socioeconomic status, assess costs and returns of broiler farms in Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu state in India. The primary data were collected from 30 respondents through face to face interview during the period between November 2019 and January 2020. The results of the study revealed that most of the respondents were male belonging to old age category. Majority of the respondents were running broiler business as a main occupation and highly depended on institutional sources of finance. Major share of the respondents were spending higher amount to the input. The farmers were spending their amount for purchasing of lights, roof material, drinker, feeder etc. Government should initiate various schemes for the upliftment of poultry sector. Low cost vaccine and medicines may be provided by the government to the growers which will minimize the variable cost. If all the above suggestions are implemented by the concerned authorities, the broiler farming will move in the right direction and the farmers will get good income.

Socio-economic analysis of lavender crop in Himachal Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
S Singh, S S Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Personal Interview ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Total Variable Cost ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Good Quality Seed ◽  
Male Labour

The data collected from 20 lavender growers of three blocks of Chamba district by personal interview using multi-stage purpose sampling technique. In lavender farms share of male labour was found to be more than female labour. Working as daily paid labourers followed by farming, service and business was the main occupation of adult family members. BCR (over total variable cost) as well as BCR (over total cost) was worked out as 3.170 and 0.642 respectively for lavender crop. Family labour income and net income measures per hectare were found to be negative for lavender crop. About 95% and 25% of selected lavender farmers’ responded positively regarding availability of good quality seed/seedlings and disease problem in seed/seedlings respectively, in the initial stage of sowing of lavender crop. Besides, 90% responded that cost of marketing of produce was high, all the respondents were hiring transport to market the produce. Likewise, 65% responded that there is lack of cheap credit from banks for lavender farming. The lack of profitability indicates the need to strengthen R&D work, extension services, training of farmers, establishment of cold storage facilities, and co-operatives farming societies for enhancing prospects of lavender farming.  

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