Analysis of Characteristics of Halogen and LED Automobile Lamps

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
Yulia A. Zhuravlyova
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Luminous Efficacy ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Mandatory Rules ◽  
Halogen Lamps

This work contains analysis of characteristics of automobile lamps by Philips, KOITO, ETI flip chip LEDs, Osram, General Electric (GE), Gtinthebox, OSLAMPledbulbs with H1, H4, H7, H11 caps: luminous flux, luminous efficacy, correlated colour temperature. Characteristics of the studied samples are analysed before the operation of the lamps. The analysis of the calculation results allows us to make a conclusion that the values of correlated colour temperature of halogen lamps are close to the parameters declared by manufacturers. The analysis of the study results has shown that, based on actual values of correlated colour temperature, it is not advisable to use LED lamps in unfavourable weather conditions (such as rain, fog, snow). The results of the study demonstrate that there is a slight dispersion of actual values of luminous flux of halogen lamps by different manufacturers. Maximum variation between values of luminous flux of different lamps does not exceed 14 %. The analysis of the measurement results has shown that actual values of luminous flux of all halogen lamps comply with the mandatory rules specified in the UN/ECE Regulation No. 37 and luminous flux of LED lamps exceeds maximum allowable value by more than 8 %. Luminous efficacy of LED lamps is higher than that of halogen lamps: more than 82 lm/W and lower power consumption. The results of the measurements have shown that power consumption of a LED automobile lamp is lower than that of similar halogen lamps by 3 times and their luminous efficacy is higher by 5 times.

Analysis of Tungsten Halogen Lamps Characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kovalenko ◽  
Yulia A. Dashkina ◽  
Yulia A. Zhuravleva ◽  
Svetlana A. Mikaeva
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Technical Level ◽  
Relative Measurement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Halogen Lamps

The authors briefly review distinctions of tungsten halogen lamps (THL) and analyse the results of their own measurements of characteristics of three types of THL manufactured by Saransk lighting equipment plant LISMA. Rated power, luminous flux, and correlated colour temperature of lamps were measured. Relative measurement errors with consideration of possible technological errors for these products do not exceed 0.84 % for values of rated power and 0.29 % for values of correlated colour temperature in batches of 13 pcs. The analysis conducted shows that the technical level of development and production technology of Saransk lighting equipment plant LISMA provides high quality of THL.

scholarly journals Analytical Method for Geometric Nonlinear Problems Based on Offshore Derricks

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Chunbao Li ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Mengxin Han ◽  
Pengju Qin ◽  
Xiaohui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Order Effect ◽  
Practical Calculation ◽  
Geometrically Nonlinear ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Calculation Results

The marine derrick sometimes operates under extreme weather conditions, especially wind; therefore, the buckling analysis of the components in the derrick is one of the critical contents of engineering safety research. This paper aimed to study the local stability of marine derrick and propose an analytical method for geometrically nonlinear problems. The rod in the derrick is simplified as a compression rod with simply supported ends, which is subjected to transverse uniform load. Considering the second-order effect, the differential equations were used to establish the deflection, rotation angle, and bending moment equations of the derrick rod under the lateral uniform load. This method was defined as a geometrically nonlinear analytical method. Moreover, the deflection deformation and stability of the derrick members were analyzed, and the practical calculation formula was obtained. The Ansys analysis results were compared with the calculation results in this paper.

Field performance comparison of asphalt crack-filling materials: hot pour versus cold pour

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetkin Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Field Performance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Crack Sealing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Crack Sealant

One of the most important components of pavement maintenance has been the sealing of cracks. The most commonly used materials for crack sealing are hot-pour sealants, such as hot rubber asphalt. However, this material can be hazardous at high operating temperatures and is more likely to be picked up by vehicle tires if the sealant is not sufficiently adhered to the pavement. Thus, cold-pour sealants have been considered as an alternative for crack sealing purposes. This study aims to compare the performance of hot-pour rubber asphalt crack sealant and cold-pour asphalt emulsion crack sealant in five different Texas districts that experience different weather conditions. The comparison includes seven different crack sealants: three cold pour and four hot pour. Five different roads in five districts were selected for comparison of the sealants. The field study results indicate that hot-pour sealants performed better than cold-pour sealants.Key words: sealants, emulsified crack sealants, crack sealing, asphalt pavements.

Research Note: LED chip-on-board packaging technology for strict colour tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1052-1057
Author(s):  
J Zhang ◽  
P Ge ◽  
Z Zhou ◽  
D Liu ◽  
H Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Note ◽  
Luminous Efficacy ◽  
Packaging Technology ◽  
Colour Temperature ◽  
Colour Rendering ◽  
Method Show

In the field of LED packaging, people usually pay more attention to colour temperature, luminous efficacy and colour rendering than colour tolerance. This paper focuses on how to meet strict colour tolerances in the process of chip-on-board packaging. The McAdam ellipses are used to explain the meaning of colour tolerance. A method based on adjusting the amount of phosphor glue and the proportions of different phosphors it contains is described. Measurements on samples packaged according to this method show that it makes it possible to meet strict colour tolerance requirements.

scholarly journals The Use of Drone Photo Material to Classify the Purity of Photovoltaic Panels Based on Statistical Classifiers

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Tomasz Czarnecki ◽  
Kacper Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Soil Dust ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Statistical Classifiers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this work is the analysis of methods of detecting soiling of photovoltaic panels. Environmental and weather conditions affect the efficiency of renewable energy sources. Accumulation of soil, dust, and dirt on the surface of the solar panels reduces the power generated by the panels. This paper presents several variants of the algorithm that uses various statistical classifiers to classify photovoltaic panels in terms of soiling. The base material was high-resolution photos and videos of solar panels and sets dedicated to solar farms. The classifiers were tested and analyzed in their effectiveness in detecting soiling. Based on the study results, a group of optimal classifiers was defined, and the classifier selected that gives the best results for a given problem. The results obtained in this study proved experimentally that the proposed solution provides a high rate of correct detections. The proposed innovative method is cheap and straightforward to implement, and allows use in most photovoltaic installations.

scholarly journals Calculation of Comprehensive Ecological Flow with Weighted Multiple Methods Considering Hydrological Alteration

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenxiang Xing ◽  
Yinan Wang ◽  
Xinglong Gong ◽  
Jingyan Wu ◽  
Yi Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Requirement ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
The Sanjiang Plain ◽  
Flow Calculation ◽  
Hydrological Alteration ◽  
Ecological Water Requirement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Runoff Series ◽  
Ecological Flow ◽  
Calculation Results

Instream ecological flow is an essential determinant of river health. Intra- and interannual distribution characteristics of runoff have been altered to different degrees by dam construction. Historical runoff series with alterations, as basic data for ecological flow calculation, provide minimal instream hydrological process information, which affects the credibility of calculation results. Considering the influence of the alterations in runoff series on ecological flow calculation, the Gini coefficient (GI) is introduced to study the evenness degrees of the intra-annual runoff distribution of four hydrological stations located in the Naolihe basin of the Sanjiang Plain. The hydrological alteration diagnosis system is used to examine the alteration points in the GI series of each hydrological station for selecting reasonable subsequences. Based on the selected subsequences, the ecological flow of each station is calculated using three hydrological methods, and the comprehensive ecological flow is calculated using weighted calculation results from the three hydrological methods. The study results show that ecological flow and natural flow have similar processes with two peaks occurring in the process in May and August, respectively. Also, dams decrease the ecological water requirement damage frequency in dry seasons, but overuse of water resources increases the ecological water requirement damage frequency in flood seasons.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Bonding Materials on Flip-Chip LED Filament Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Chengyu Guan ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Qingchang Chen ◽  
Mingming Shi ◽  
Bobo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Shearing Force ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Photoelectric Properties

This article researches the effect of Sn-based solder alloys on flip-chip light-emitting diode LED (FC-LED) filament properties. SEM images, shearing force, steady-state voltage, blue light luminous flux, and junction temperature were examined to demonstrate the difference between two types of FC-LED filaments welded with two solders. The microstructure surface of Sn90Sb10 filament solder joints was smoother and had fewer voids and cracks compared with that of SAC0307 filament solder joints, which indicates that the Sn90Sb10 filaments had a higher shearing force than the SAC0307 filaments; moreover, the average shearing force was beyond 200 gf (standard shearing force). The steady-state voltage and junction temperature of the Sn90Sb10 solder-welded FC-LED filament were lower, and the Sn90Sb10 filament had a relatively higher blue light luminous flux. If high reliability of the solder joints and better photoelectric properties of the filaments are required, this Sn90Sb10 solder is the best bonding material for FC-LED filament welding.

VARIABILTY OF OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN RAPESEED CULTIVARS AFFECTED BY SEEDING DATE

2017 ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Balalic ◽  
Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽  
Jovan Crnobarac ◽  
Sreten Terzic ◽  
Velimir Radic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Rapeseed Cultivar ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The aim of this study was to determine the variability of oil and protein content in winter rapeseed cultivars affected by seeding date. Four cultivars (Banaćanka, Slavica, Express, Valeska) were sown at six seeding dates (SD1-21 August, SD2-31 August, SD3-10 September, SD4-21 September, SD5-1 October, SD6-9 October) across two cropping seasons. The trial was arranged as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of year, cultivar and seeding date were highly significant for oil and protein content. Increased oil content in the second year (2010/2011) was related to weather conditions which were favorable for rapeseed. However, protein content was significantly higher in the first year (2009/2010). Oil content ranged between 41.19% (Valeska) and 42.69% (Express). Significantly lowest oil content across seeding dates was found in SD6 (40.67%), and highest in SD4 (41.86%) and SD1 (41.61%). Valeska showed significantly highest mean protein content (21.54%). Protein content was highest in SD6 (20.18%). Oil content decreased with delayed seeding. Highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.730) existed between oil and protein content. Seeding date had significant influence on oil and protein content in rapeseed. Cultivar Express and SD4 can be pointed out, based on the achieved oil content, and cultivar Valeska for high protein content. Study results may be helpful in recommending optimal rapeseed seeding date in the region.

Estimation of Luminous Flux and Luminous Efficacy of Low-Power SMD LED as a Function of Injection Current and Ambient Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2790-2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna E. Raypah ◽  
Bashiru K. Sodipo ◽  
Mutharasu Devarajan ◽  
Fauziah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Luminous Flux ◽  
Injection Current ◽  
Luminous Efficacy

scholarly journals Yield and some quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain as influenced by the application of different rates of nitrogen

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
The University

A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 at the Czesławice Experimental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on loess-derived grey brown podzolic soil (good wheat soil complex). This study determined the effect of two levels of nitrogen fertilization on yield and the basic quality traits of grain of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Muza’. The study results show the dependence of the grain quality characters mainly on variable weather conditions throughout the study period and to a lesser extent on the level of nitrogen fertilization. Good technological parameters were obtained in the seasons with low rainfall and high air temperature. The study also demonstrated that the higher rate of nitrogen tended to have a positive effect on total protein and wet gluten content, falling number, sedimentation value, and grain test weight. In spite of the lack of significant differences, the quality of gluten was found to decrease with the increasing rate of nitrogen.

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