TOXIC PROPERTIES AND INTAKE SYMPTOMS OF SOME WILD PLANTS IN RELATION TO REPORTED FROM THE FOREST OF NORTH WEST SATPUDA REGION OF MAHARASTRA, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SANJAY A. KHAIRNAR
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
World Population ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
North West ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Croton Tiglium ◽  
Modern Era

In modern era about 80% of the world population depends on herbal alternative system of medicine. Seventy thousand plants are used in medicine and about 2000 plants are used in Indian Ayurveda. The activities of the curative plants are evaluated by their chemical components. Few of them are important as a medicine but also posses poisonous or toxic properties. The toxicity is produced in them due to the synthesis of toxic chemical compounds may be in primary or secondary phase of their life. Most of the users of such medicinal plants in crude form are tribal and peoples living in the forests and their domestic stock . Most of the time these peoples may not aware about the toxicity of such plants used by them and probably get affected sometimes even leads to death. In the study area during the field survey of poisonous plants, information are gathered from the traditional practicing persons, cow boy and from shepherds. About 20 plant species belonging to 17 families are reported as a medicinal as well as toxic. From the available literature, nature of toxic compound and symptoms of their intake on human being are recorded. In the study area the plants like, Abrus precatorious commonly known as a Gunj or Gunjpala, Jatropha curcas , (Biodiesel plant), Croton tiglium (Jamalgota), Citrullus colocynthis (Kadu Indrawan, Girardinia diversifolia (Agya), Mucuna purriens (Khajkuairi), Euphorbia tirucali (Sher), E. ligularia (Sabarkand), Datura metel ( Kala Dhotara), Datura inoxia (Pandhara Dhotara) and Asparagus racemo-sus (Shatavari) etc . are some of the toxic plants used as a medicine and harmful also.

scholarly journals Evaluations of Surface PM10 Concentration and Chemical Compositions in MERRA-2 Aerosol Reanalysis over Central and Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Ma ◽  
Peng Yan ◽  
Tianliang Zhao ◽  
Xiaofang Jia ◽  
Jian Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern China ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Routine Sampling ◽  
Aerosol Compositions ◽  
Modern Era

The chemical composition dataset of Aerosol Reanalysis of NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application, version 2 (MERRAero) has not been thoroughly evaluated with observation data in mainland China due to the lack of long-term chemical components data. Using the 5-year data of PM10 mass concentrations and chemical compositions obtained from the routine sampling measurements at the World Meteorological Organization the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme regional background stations, Jing Sha (JS) and Lin’An (LA), in central and eastern China, we comprehensively evaluate the surface PM10 concentrations and chemical compositions such as sulfate (SO42−), organic carbon (OC) and black carbon (BC) derived from MERRAero. Overall, the concentrations of PM10, SO42−, OC and BC from the MERRAero agreed well with the measurements, despite a slight and consistent overestimation of BC concentrations and a moderate and persistent underestimation of PM10 concentrations throughout the study period. The MERRAero reanalysis of aerosol compositions performs better during the summertime than wintertime. By considering the nitrate particles in PM10 reconstruction, MERRAero performance can be significantly improved. The unreasonable seasonal variations of PM10 chemical compositions at station LA by MERRAero could be causative factors for the larger MERRAero discrepancies during 2016–2017 than the period of 2011–2013.

scholarly journals Contamination of Asian herbal drugs : Need for its critical evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Gupta ◽  
G. Prasad ◽  
A.K. Chopra ◽  
D.R. Khanna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Severe Adverse Effect ◽  
World Population ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Dual Action

Herbal drugs have been used as remedies for the treatment of large number of humans, ailments since ancient times as the traditional medicine system; India has a glorious past, having first documented record of fully developed medical science known as Ayurveda written by several ancient Rishi’s. Major groups of indigenous system of medicine are based on herbal drugs. A survey made by WHO indicated that about 80% of the world population relies on herbal drugs. Herbal drugs are becoming more popularized and important even in the developednations with hope of their non-toxicity and may play a role of substitute to overcome the problems of multi drug resistant pathogens. Cultivation of drug plants has been started in large scale without considering the land quality and in certain cases irrigation with waste water. Application of different fungicides, pesticides in that specific field or in neighboring fields may be directly deposited superficially or may be absorbed by the plant system. Therefore in the present situation possibilities of the Asian herbal drugs, contaminated with large number of toxic components cannot be ignored which may severely hurt human life in place of healing or curing.These contaminants may be either alone or in combination and may be originated intrinsically, extrinsically and deliberately. Certain contaminants may be highly toxic and may cause severe adverse effect in the human system. Some of the important contaminants are the heavy metals like lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, copper and pesticides. Adulteration of modern drugs to enhance drug potency and heterogenous microbial population including human pathogens may contaminate both raw and powdered herbal drugs. Among these contaminants, microbial contamination seems more severe and may be due to their dual action on the drug i.e. utilization of medicinally important chemical components as nutrients and in certain cases by producing certain mycotoxins, which may be even carcinogenic under certain conditions . Critical evaluation of both raw and powdered herbal drugs for contaminants is the urgent need of the time in order to provide safety measures in herbal health care medicine.

Spring poisoning hazards

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Nicola Bates
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Allium Species ◽  
Cardiac Effects ◽  
Conium Maculatum ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Neurological Effects

Poisoning in the spring may occur in livestock from exposure to glyphosate which is used prior to sowing of plant crops or from ingestion of poisonous plants. Glyphosate is of low toxicity but many products contain a carrier which is irritant to tissues. Plant poisoning may occur because other forage is unavailable and hungry animals will eat unpalatable toxic plants if other food sources are scare. Some plants such as bluebell (Hyacinoides species) and ransom (wild garlic, Allium urinsum) grow in profusion in the spring. Bluebells cause gastrointestinal and cardiac effects and Allium species cause anaemia. Some plants are more toxic in the spring as concentrations of toxic compounds are high compared with other times of the year. This is the case with hemlock (Conium maculatum) and water hemlock (Cicuta virosa). Both these plants cause neurological effects and water hemlock, in particular, causes very rapid onset of clinical signs. Spring flowering plants such as Rhododendron and Pieris species are commonly associated with poisoning, particularly in ruminants. Both these species contain grayanotoxins which cause gastrointestinal and cardiac effects. Access to areas where poisonous plants are known to grow should be restricted and good quality forage provided. Treatment options for management of poisoning in livestock are limited and, in some cases, the only sign of exposure is sudden death.

scholarly journals Review of Ayurvedic herbs with Kesharanjana Property in the Management of Caniites (Palitya)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murali Krishna C ◽  
Sivaram G ◽  
Malini S ◽  
Babu G
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Biological Entity ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Exothermic Reactions ◽  
Gray Hair ◽  
Grey Hair ◽  
Modern Era

Greying of hair according to age is common phenomenon. But in modern era due to different kind of stress and changing life style Canities (Palitya) occur in early age. According to W.H.O in India, its incidence is high in the age group of 20-30 years. In Ayurveda premature greying of hair is called as Akala palitya (premature gray hair). According to Ayurveda grey hair is mainly due to the vitiation of Pitta dosha (biological entity related to exothermic reactions or transformation) & reference of Palitya is directly mentioned only in Pitta Prakruti (inherent constitution of an individual). The use of purification procedures of panchakarma (detoxifying therapy) has prime importance in the remedies mentioned for premature greying. Nasya karma (nasal medication) is one of the major rejuvenative treatments. Palliative external & internal medicaments measures like Shiro dhara (pouring oil on head), Shoro pichu (cloth dipped in oil kept on head), Shiro basti (oil is kept on head with an apparatus), Shiro lepa (application of medicated paste over head), Shiro abhyanga (oil massage to head) helps in speedy recovery. The chemical components in the herbs responsible for hair dyeing are discussed

An urban–rural continuum? A spatial comparison in mid-eighteenth-century northern Germany

Urban History ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-447
Author(s):  
Olaf März
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
German Cities ◽  
Modern Era

AbstractThe spatial growth of German cities in the years of upheaval in the nineteenth century has been, and remains, the subject of intense historical research. However, the origins of the socio-economic processes underlying these transformations actually predate the epochal transition into the modern era. This article deals critically with the popular conception of a ‘town–country dichotomy’ by comparing, on an empirical basis, urban, semi-urban and rural settlements in a sub-region of the north-west of Germany in the mid-eighteenth century. With the aid of a Geographical Information System (GIS), the cartographic and serial material of the ‘Brunswick Land Survey’ is evaluated in terms of its relevance to a socio-topographic comparison of the spatial micro-structures of the three respective settlement segments. The comparison focuses on the general morphology of the settlement segments, the conditions accompanying the growth of the settlements and the spatial structures of the agricultural activities pursued. In addition, it identifies the factors which led to the erosion of differences between town and country.

scholarly journals Inventory of Toxic Plants in Morocco: An Overview of the Botanical, Biogeography, and Phytochemistry Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanane Benzeid ◽  
Fadma Gouaz ◽  
Abba Hamadoun Touré ◽  
Mustapha Bouatia ◽  
Mohamed Oulad Bouyahya Idrissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Natural Plants

Since they are natural, plants are wrongly considered nondangerous; therefore people used them in various contexts. Each plant is used alone or in mixture with others, where knowledge and the requirements of preparation and consumption are not mastered. Thus, intoxications due to the use of plants have become more and more frequent. The reports of intoxications made at the Antipoison Center and Pharmacovigilance of Morocco (ACPM) support this finding, since the interrogations suffered by the victims show that the use of plants is practiced irrationally, anarchically, and uncontrollably. Faced by the increase of these cases of poisoning in Morocco, it seemed necessary to investigate the nature of poisonous plants, their monographs, and the chemicals responsible for this toxicity.

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA PADA BUAH SEGAR TERUNG POKAK (Solanum torvum) DENGAN METODE LCMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nunuk Helilusiatiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
World Population ◽  
Solanum Torvum ◽  
Aminocyclohexanecarboxylic Acid

The content of antioxidant compounds in pokak eggplant (Solanum torvum) had the potential as an herbal medicine and was consumed by the world population. The research objective was to study the chemical compound content of the LCMS method. Experimental design with fresh fruit extraction of pokak eggplant using 95% ethanol solvent. The parameters measured were the chemical components found in fresh fruit. The results of analysis of chemical compounds include Choline, Proline, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, BMK ethyl glycidate, 4- Methoxycinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, 7- Hydroxycoumarine, Trigonelline, 1- Vinylimidazole, Pipecolic acid, L- (+) - Arginine- Stearoylglycerol, Caffeine, Cetrimonium, l- Pyroglutamic acid, Erucamide, Muscone, Cucurmin, Stearamide, Betulin, Acetophenone, Ethyl oleate, SSR146977, D - (+) - Maltose, M-144, Monoolein, L-ide, Histidine, Tomatidine, Oleamide Hexadecanamide, Isoleucine, DIPEA, L- Aspartic acid, Octadecanimine, Maltol, 1-Linoleoyl glycerol, 3- Hydroxy-L- proline, Sakuranin, Leucylprolin, Diaminopimelic acid, Nervonic acid, Nootkatone, Caffeic acid, 5-Hydroxymethyl , Methyl cinnamate, Octyl decyl phthalate, 1-Aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, Glycerophospho-N-palmitoyl ethanolamine, 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde, Methyl palmitate, Cyclohexyl, phenyl ketone, Esculin, n-Pentyl isopentyl phthalate, - 6 -Ketoprostaglandin F1α, N, N-Dimethylsphingosin e, α-Eleostearic acid, cis-12-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, Oleoyl ethanolamide, Citral, L-Tyrosine, XLR-11, Isovanillic acid, 1-Tetradecylamine, Isoquinoline, Calocarpin, Sedanolide, N-Acetyltyramine, Testosterone isocaproate , 2-Methyl-S-benzothiazole, 1-Aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 4-Methylumbelliferyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, Dodecyltrimethylammonium, cis, cis-Muconic acid, 6-Ketoprostaglandin 4-octopamine, Lupeol, N-FeroyETl, [4- (4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) tetrahydro-1H, 3H-furo [3,4-c] furan-1-yl] -2-methoxyphenyl hexopyranoside.

scholarly journals The Trilogy of Wild Crops, Traditional Agronomic Practices, and UN-Sustainable Development Goals

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajeet Singh ◽  
Rama Kant Dubey ◽  
Amit Kumar Bundela ◽  
Purushothaman C. Abhilash
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
World Population ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

The world population is projected to become 10 billion by the end of this century. This growing population exerts tremendous pressure on our finite food resources. Unfortunately, the lion-share of the global calorie intake is reliant upon a handful of plant species like rice, wheat, maize, soybean and potato. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to expand our dietary reliance to nutritionally rich but neglected, underutilized and yet-to-be-used wild plants. Many wild plants are also having ethnomedicinal and biocultural significance. Owing to their ecosystem plasticity, they are adapted to diverse habitats including marginal, degraded and other disturbed soil systems. Due to these resilient attributes, they can be considered for large-scale cultivation. However, proper biotechnological interventions are important for (i) removing the negative traits (e.g., low yield, slow growth, antinutritional factors, etc.), (ii) improving the positive traits (e.g., nutritional quality, stress tolerance, etc.), as well as (iii) standardizing the mass multiplication and cultivation strategies of such species for various agro-climatic regions. Besides, learning the biocultural knowledge and traditional cultivation practices employed by the local people is also crucial for their exploitation. The Special Issue “Wild Crop Relatives and Associated Biocultural and Traditional Agronomic Practices for Food and Nutritional Security” was intended to showcase the potential wild crop varieties of nutritional significance and associated biocultural knowledge from the diverse agroecological regions of the world and also to formulate suitable policy frameworks for food and nutritional security. The novel recommendations brought by this Special Issue would serve as a stepping stone for utilizing wild and neglected crops as a supplemental food. Nevertheless, long-term cultivation trials under various agro-climatic conditions are utmost important for unlocking the real potential of these species.

scholarly journals STUDI ETNOBOTANI JENIS-JENIS TUMBUHAN BERACUN PADA SUKU DAWAN KECAMATAN FATULEU TENGAH, KABUPATEN KUPANG (Ethnobotany study of poisonous plants in Dawan Tribe Fatuleu Tengah Subdistrict, Kupang District)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Arnold christian hendrik ◽  
◽  
Anriyani Ivanita Pinat ◽  
Apriliana Ballo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
The People ◽  
Phyllanthus Acidus ◽  
Natural Pesticide

Abstract Poisonous plants are plants containing a poison that can cause pain or death. The people of the Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe have used poisonous plants in their daily lives. However, these types of poisonous plants have not been well documented. The purpose of the present study was to determine the types of poisonous plants and their utilization by the Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe. The data collection was conducted by interviewing the respondents for the use of poisonous plants. The obtained results showed that eight types of poisonous plants from six families used by the Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe, namely arbila nuts (Phaseolus lonatus L.), tubaroot (Deris elliptica L.), cassava (Manihot esculent), sengon (Paraserianthes faltacataria L.), ginje (Thevetia peruvianan), kecubung (Datura metel L.), ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L.), and biduri (Calotropis gigantean L.). The Dawan Fatuleu Tengah tribe community uses these poisonous plants to poison fish in the river for consumption, as a natural pesticide, to kill insect disease vectors, and for attacking the enemy. Abstrak Tumbuhan beracun merupakan tumbuhan yang mengandung racun dan dapat menyebabkan rasa sakit atau kematian. Masyarakat suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah telah lama memanfaatkan tumbuhan beracun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, sampai saat ini jenis-jenis tumbuhan beracun tersebut belum terinventarisasi dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan beracun dan pemanfaatannya oleh suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah. Teknik pengambilan data berupa pengambilan sampel responden dapat dilakukan dengan menghimpun keterangan melalui wawancara tentang pemanfataan tumbuhan beracun. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 8 jenis tumbuhan beracun dari 5 famili yang dimanfaatkan suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah yaitu kacang arbila (Phaseolus lonatus L.), akar tuba (Deris elliptica L.), ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta), sengon (Paraserianthes faltacataria L), ginje (Thevetia peruviana), kecubung (Datura metel L), ceremai (Phyllanthus acidus L), biduri (Calotropis gigantean L). Masyarakat suku Dawan Fatuleu Tengah memanfaatkan tumbuhan beracun tersebut untuk meracuni ikan di sungai untuk dikonsumsi, sebagai pestisida alami, untuk membunuh serangga vektor penyakit, dan juga untuk menyerang musuh.

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