Mutation breeding in six rowed barley: Screening for stem rust resistance in certain induced mutants

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shipra Raj
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Induced Mutants ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Moderately Resistant

During the induced mutagenesis in six rowed barley, 18 mutant lines were isolated from the M2 and M3 generations. Thirteen lines were induced by gamma rays, four by EMS and one by HA. These lines were screened for resistance to stem rust and loss assessment. Mutants were grown in field as well as in earthen pots. Artificial inoculums were provided in condition suitable for rust occurrence. Rust reaction was recorded according to modified Cabb’s scale and the rust intensity was classified as 0,5, 10, 25, 40 and 65 percent. Lines K50-38, K50-97, K50-102 and K40-73 were completely free from infection (0 %) and thought to be immune lines(I). K50-47, KE-4-47 and G50-47 exhibited traces of symptoms and placed under 5% intensity and were very resistant(R). Line KE2-63 exhibited 10% intensity and classified as moderately resistant(MR). Line K50-44; K40-11, K40-67, K30-91, KE3-75, G50-35 and GH3-32 showed 25% intensity of pustules and were put into moderately susceptible(MS) class. One line K30-82 showed 40% intensity and classified as susceptible(S), while line KE4-87 exihibited 65% intensity and was classified as heavily susceptible. Class 100 percent was not observed. Immune, very resistant and moderately resistant were identified as resistant lines and selected for further study, while moderately susceptible and heavily susceptible lines were identified as susceptible lines and discarded. Reduction in yield contributing traits i.e. number of grains/spike, test weight, seed yield and biological yield was also observed which was positively correlated with disease intensity.

scholarly journals Studies on Induced Physical and Chemical Mutagenesis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gunasekaran ◽  
P. Pavadai
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chemical Mutagenesis ◽  
Program Selection ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Ld50 Value ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mutation breeding has been widely used for the improvement of plant characters in various crops. It is a powerful and effective tool in the hands of plant breeders. In any mutation breeding program, selection of an effective and efficient mutagen is very essential to produce high frequency of desirable mutation. Groundnut (Arachis hypogia) var. VRI-2. was treated with different concentration of physical and chemical mutagen namely gamma rays 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 KR and Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS). For inducing mutation various concentration of EMS such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 % for six hours were applied to 200 seed sample of each concentration and one respective control. The LD50 value was observed in 50% of gamma rays and 0.5 % of EMS. The morphological and yield characters were significantly reduced seed germination, seedling survival, days to first flower, plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of grains per plant, grain length and breath, 100 grains weight, grain yield per plant, fresh and dry weight per plant. The increasing doses/concentration of gamma rays and EMS decreased in phenotypic and yield characters in M1generation. The mutagenized populations showed significantly higher variability in the M2 generation. Mutant lines showing higher yield per plant than the respective parents and checks were isolated in M2 and subsequent generation were significantly more pod yield and yield components than the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Amelioration of seed yield, oil content and oil quality through induced mutagenesis in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamina Begum ◽  
Tapash Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutant Lines

Thirty mutant lines selected from 3 widely adapted genotypes of sesame viz. Rama, SI 1666 and IC 21706 (ten from each of the three genotypes), developed by induced physical (?-rays) and chemical (EMS) mutagens, were evaluated against their respective control genotype for yield and its important attributes in M4 generation to reveal the ramification of mutagens for disclosing the magnitude of variation among mutants in advance generation and also to identify the promising positive mutants to refurbish new improved varieties of sesame. Mutants professing higher seed yield were evaluated for oil quantity and quality. All selected mutant lines evinced improved seed yield over their respective controls. Irrespective of the genotypes highest yield was recorded in the line induced by 0.5% EMS. Based on mean seed yield and its components, selected 10 superior mutants, also possessed high oil percentage with a better oil profile having relatively more polyunsaturated fatty acid content, specially linoleic acid, than the control, indicating potentiality of mutation breeding to restructure plants with high yield, improved oil percentage and quality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v44i1.22718 Bangladesh J. Bot. 44(1): 15-22, 2015 (March)

scholarly journals ​Binasoybean-6: A High Yielding Mutant Soybean Variety Developed through Sustainable Mutation Breeding

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Malek ◽  
R.M. Emon ◽  
M.K. Khatun ◽  
M.S.H. Bhuiyan ◽  
Adedze Yawo Mawunyo Nevame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Mutant Lines

Background: Soybean is an important source of food, protein and oil and hence more research is essential to increase its yield under different agro-ecological conditions, including stress. In this regard, four popular soybean varieties viz. Shohag, BDS-4, BAU-S/64 and BARI Soybean-5 were irradiated using Co60 gamma rays to create genetic variation for earliness, higher seed yield and other desirable agronomic traits. Methods: The experiments were conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) Headquarters farm, Mymensingh during 2006-2009 and 28 elite mutant lines were selected for evaluation. The mutant line, SBM-22 derived from mother variety BARI Soybean-5 irradiated with 300Gy of gamma rays was found to be superior compared to other mutants. Considering the superior performance of mutant SBM-22 including 28 mutants and mother check variety BARI Soybean-5, were evaluated through different trials. The evaluation trials were conducted at different agro-ecological zones of the country during Rabi season (January to April) of 2010-2018. Result: Significant variations were observed both in individual location and over locations for all traits. Reactions to major diseases and insect-pests infestation were also studied. Due to better performance of the mutant SBM-22, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) applied to the National Seed Board (NSB) of Bangladesh for registration as an important soybean variety “Binasoybean-6”. Consequently, the NSB of Bangladesh registered SBM-22 as an improved soybean variety in 2019 as Binasoybean-6 for commercial cultivation.

Lethal Dose (LD50) Fixation and Sensitivity of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL.) to Gamma Radiation for Induction of Mutation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
ANURADHA PATEL ◽  
POONAM VERMA ◽  
SHARDA CHOUDHARY ◽  
ARVIND KUMAR VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Small Flower ◽  
Dose Dependent

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecumL.) is an annual crop, mainly used as a spiceand leafy vegetable crop in many parts of the world. Classical breeding in fenugreek is restricted due to its low genetic variability and small flower size which hamper manual emasculation and pollination. Mutation breeding is an effective way to enrich genetic variability in crop plants. An experiment was conducted to determine the lethal dose of the physical mutagen gamma rays in fenugreek. The dry seeds of fenugreek were exposed to different doses of gamma rays i.e. 150Gy, 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. These irradiated seeds were sown in the Petri plates with non-irradiated seeds (control). As the dose of gamma rays increased, there was a decrease in germination percentage, seedling survival, root length, shoot length and vigour index. Among five doses of gamma rays, the maximum seed germination was observed at lowest dose 150Gy (93%), followed by 200Gy (83%), 250Gy (76%), 300Gy (76%) and 350Gy (64%). The seedling survival was decreased from 90% (in control) to 56% in 350Gy dose of gamma rays. The gamma rays dose of 150Gy gave stimulatory effect on seedlings growth. The growth parameters were dose dependent, as the dose of gamma rays increased from 200Gy to 350Gy. The gamma rays dose of 350Gy showed 64% seeds germination and 56% of seedlings survival. Therefore, it is concluded that the LD50 dose for fenugreek is close to 350Gy. This information would be highly useful for initiating mutation breeding programme in fenugreek

scholarly journals a/alpha-control of DNA repair in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: genetic and physiological aspects.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Heude ◽  
F Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dna Structures ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Error Prone Repair ◽  
G2 Phase ◽  
Mat Locus ◽  
Mat Genes

Abstract It has long been known that diploid strains of yeast are more resistant to gamma-rays than haploid cells, and that this is in part due to heterozygosity at the mating type (MAT) locus. It is shown here that the genetic control exerted by the MAT genes on DNA repair involves the a1 and alpha 2 genes, in a RME1-independent way. In rad18 diploids, affected in the error-prone repair, the a/alpha effects are of a very large amplitude, after both UV and gamma-rays, and also depends on a1 and alpha 2. The coexpression of a and alpha in rad18 haploids suppresses the sensitivity of a subpopulation corresponding to the G2 phase cells. Related to this, the coexpression of a and alpha in RAD+ haploids depresses UV-induced mutagenesis in G2 cells. For srs2 null diploids, also affected in the error-prone repair pathway, we show that their G1 UV sensitivity, likely due to lethal recombination events, is partly suppressed by MAT homozygosity. Taken together, these results led to the proposal that a1-alpha 2 promotes a channeling of some DNA structures from the mutagenic into the recombinational repair process.

scholarly journals Induction of chlorophyll mutation through physical and chemical mutagen in Phaseolus lunatus (Lima Bean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyani R Gunjal ◽  
A.D. More
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutation ◽  
Dose Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Mutants ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Light Green

The present investigation was undertaken to study the frequency of chlorophyll deficient sectors and chlorophyll mutants induced by Gamma rays at the dosage of 240Gy,300Gy,360Gy,420Gy, Ethyl Methene Sulphate (EMS) at the concentrations of 0.25%,0.50%,0.75%,1% and the Combination of both (Gamma rays and EMS) like 240Gy+1%, 300Gy+0.75%, 360Gy+0.50%, 420Gy+0.25% in the variety ‘King of Garden’ Phaseolus lunatus (lima bean).The chlorophyll mutants were observed in all the three mutagenic treatments in the lima bean. These mutants were White (Albina), Yellow (Xantha), Yellow green (Chlorina) and Light green (Viridis). They were screened after 10-15 days of old seedling and were found at the margin of the leaflet or the entire leaflet.Induced mutation in the sectors of the leaves resulted into chlorophyll chimeric plants. The scoring of chlorophyll mutation frequency in M2 generation was one of the most reliable measures for evaluating the mutagenic induced genetic altercation of the mutagen treatments used in the ideotype. The frequency of chlorophyll mutants increased with the increase in the dose/concentration of the mutants. They can be screened and enhanced through mutation breeding for enormous yield.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Studies in M5 Generations of Determinate Early Maturing Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] (MDU-1) Mutants for Yield and Yield Attributing Characters

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Suresh ◽  
M. Ananthan ◽  
C. Vanniarajan ◽  
P. Balasubramanian ◽  
T. Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Bean Variety ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Different Doses

Background: MDU-1 is a high yielding, indeterminate cluster bean variety. In order to develop determinate mutant with high yield, MDU-1 cluster bean variety was irradiated using gamma rays, electron beam and combination of gamma rays and EMS with different doses and the variability induced in M5 generations were studied. Methods: Twenty one best individual plants from M4 generation were selected based on plant height and higher yield and forwarded to M5 generation where they were evaluated in RBD with three replications. Fourteen non-segregating mutant lines with desirable traits were identified in M5 generation and were evaluated for variability along with the parent MDU1. Result: Five best mutant lines namely ACMC-020-04, ACMC-020-11, ACMC-020-08, ACMC-020-10 and ACMC-020-11 were selected from the 14 accessions based on per se performance and variability analysis. The selected mutants needs to be forwarded for stability testing in different environments.

scholarly journals Chronic Gamma Irradiation Changes Phenotype and Gene Expression Partially Transmitted to Next-Generation Tomato Seedlings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
Yeong Deuk Jo ◽  
Jae-In Chun ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Jin-Ho Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
And Control

Compared to the studies on acute irradiation of seeds, fewer studies have reported on the chronic irradiation of seedlings, especially in fruit-bearing vegetables. We examined the effects of chronic gamma irradiation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’) seedlings exposed to gamma rays (50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy) for 4 weeks. As the total dose of gamma rays increased, leaf length, trichome density, and seed number were reduced in the irradiated seedlings (M1). Additionally, a change in fruit shape was observed. Chronic gamma irradiation reduced the expression of two trichome-related genes and affected the expression levels of 11 reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. We examined the transmittance of these effects using M2 plants. The trichome density and fruit shape were similar between M2 and control plants; however, a reduction in leaf length and seed number was detected in M2 plants. Interestingly, changes in the expression of four ROS-related genes (ZAT10, Mn-SOD, POD3, and RBOH1) found in M1 were detected in M2 plants. Thus, the changes in phenotype and gene expression induced by chronic gamma irradiation were transmitted to the next generation. Additionally, we found novel mutants from M2 plants, suggesting that chronic gamma irradiation may be considered in tomato mutation breeding.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Induced Mutagenesis Study for Identifying Lethality Dose in Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Var. Co - 4

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Umavathi ◽  
L. Mullainathan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutagenesis Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present study was conducted in order to determine the effect of gamma rays and EMS on seed germination, Seedling height and root length in chick pea to identify the lethal dose (LD50). In this regard, the healthy seeds of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of gamma rays and EMS was determined by measuring the seed germination, seedling height and root length under the conditions of the M1 generation. The results shows that, the seed germination, seedling height and root length were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations. The LD50 values were observed based on the growth reduction of seedlings after treatments with mutagen. The effective doses/concentrations which caused 50% growth reduction were observed in 40kR in gamma rays and 30mM in EMS.

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