Effects of herbivorous gastropod grazing on the sedimentation and succession of subtidal macroalgal assemblages

2020 ◽  
Vol 656 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
H Suzuki ◽  
Y Kubo ◽  
E Inomata ◽  
Y Agatsuma ◽  
MN Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Physical Disturbance ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Control Sediment ◽  
Exclusion Experiments ◽  
And Control ◽  
Algal Composition

The subtidal zone on cold temperate rocky coasts is an environment exposed to much less physical disturbance than the intertidal, and sediment deposition is continuous. Removal of this sediment by gastropod grazers is therefore presumed to affect the structure of subtidal algal communities. This concept was investigated by evaluating the grazing effects of the dominant herbivorous gastropod Omphalius rusticus by exclusion experiments in the field. Settlement plates of both exclusion and control treatments were placed every month from November 2014, and immersed for 1 mo. Algae colonized from May and tended to increase in biomass toward summer. No marked differences were observed in the algal composition of exclusion and control. Sediment deposition showed no apparent seasonal changes. Cumulative successional plates of both exclusion and control treatments were placed in November 2014, and immersed for 1 to 9 mo. The colonization of algae started in February and the species number peaked earlier in the exclusion and later in the control. Sediment load and algal biomass were high from February to May in the exclusion, and from April to July in the control. Seedlings of Sargassum confusum were found in both plots starting in July. We conclude that O. rusticus constantly removed sediments by its grazing activity and had a large impact on the formation of the macroalgal community by controlling sediment deposition. Its presence delayed the colonization of early-successional turf algal species, but did not affect colonization of late-successional canopy-forming algae such as S. confusum.

Seasonal changes in benthic algal communities of the upper subtidal zone in Sanya Bay (Hainan Island, China)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard A. Tytlyanov ◽  
Tamara V. Titlyanova ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Xiubao Li
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Hainan Island ◽  
Subtidal Zone ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Sanya Bay

A floristic study of the marine plants and algae at Luhuitou reef, Sanya Bay, Hainan Island, China, was conducted during the rainy (October 2008 and November 2010) and dry seasons (April 2009 and February 2012). Specimens were collected in the upper subtidal zone (from 0.5 to 3 m depth at low tide). A total of 156 taxa were collected, including 143 macrophyte species (90%), 12 blue–green algal species (10%), and the seagrass, Thalassia hemprichii. The most diverse group was the Rhodophyta (79 taxa or 55%), followed by the Chlorophyta (38 taxa or 25%) and then the Phaeophyceae (26 taxa or 20%). In the upper subtidal zone, macroalgae formed two types of communities: polydominant communities of turf-forming algae and monodominant and bidominant communities of foliose or fleshy algae. Seasonal changes occurred in the dominant species, which appear to be caused by periodic annual events of thalli detachment and subsequent community succession. In spite of heavy pollution from dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in Sanya Bay, the subtidal flora has not undergone any dramatic changes in species numbers or composition and is similar to that of unpolluted regions in the Indo-Pacific.

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGA DI PESISIR PULAU KECAMATAN BULANG

SIMBIOSA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Notowinarto Notowinarto ◽  
Ramses Ramses ◽  
Mulhairi Mulhairi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Important Value Index

Bulang districts Batam Islands of  Riau province (Riau Islands), its consists of many islands with as well as having the potential diversity of coastal marine life in particular kinds of macro algae or seaweed. Conducted research aimed to determine the structure of macro- algal communities in the intertidal zone islands. The results of the identification of algal species found 16 species are: the Order of Chlorophyceae as 6 spesies; Order Phaeophyceae as 2 spesies; and Order Rhodophyceae as 8 spesies. The community structure at the five stations showed the highest values were found in the island of dominance Cicir (D ' = 0.79) , uniformity index values on Tengah Island (E ' = 0.99) , while the island Balak had the highest diversity index (H ' = 0.88) , with the abundance patterns of population structure on the island is pretty good Central . Results of correlation analysis of regression between IVI types of algae with the conditions of environmental quality suggests that there is a significance (Fhit ˃ F table and the value of r = > 90 %) between IVI algae Halimeda sp and Cryptarachne polyglandulosa at each station with a temperature parameter surface (⁰C) , depth temperature (⁰C) and pH values. Keywords : Algae, Community Structure, Important Value Index.

scholarly journals Feeding patterns in Eubranchipus grubii (Dybowski 1860) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) and its potential influence on the phytoplankton communities of vernal pools

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Celewicz ◽  
Michał Jan Czyż ◽  
Bartłomiej Gołdyn
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Filter Feeder ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Fairy Shrimps ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Filtration patterns in the fairy shrimp Eubranchipus grubii were analysed under laboratory conditions using water containing phytoplankton from their actual locality in western Poland. After 48 hours of feeding, we compared the structure of algal communities in water samples in treatments with males, females and control. The mean filtration rate for E. grubii was relatively high (14,488 mL h-1) in comparison to other crustacean filter feeders and was higher for females than for males. Fairy shrimps grazed effectively on all 11 dominant phytoplankton taxa and there was no sign of overall preferences with regard to taxon, cell volume, length or shape. Female fairy shrimps removed significantly more cells of three taxa (Cryptomonas erosa, C. ovata and Trachelomonas volvocina). The differences between sexes did not depend on the cell volume or length of particular phytoplankton taxa but were significantly related to their initial abundance, initial biomass and shape. The higher the abundance and biomass of the algal taxa, the more intensively it was grazed by females than by males. Females were also observed to graze more on spherical and elongated cells. In conclusion, our results show E. grubii to be an effective, generalist filter feeder capable of significantly influencing the phytoplankton community of a vernal pool. Possible implications of such grazing pressure are also discussed.

scholarly journals Diversity and Species Composition of Subaerial Algal Communities in Forested Areas of Meghalaya, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Kharkongor ◽  
Papiya Ramanujam
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Tree Barks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Mixed Plantation ◽  
Disturbed Forest

The study deals with a comparative study on diversity and species composition of subaerial algal communities from tree barks of closed undisturbed sacred grove, mixed plantation, and open disturbed forest. A total of 85 taxa had been recorded, 30 cyanobacteria and 55 algal species belonging to six classes of algae. Sacred grove harboured the highest subaerial algal diversity compared to those of plantation and open disturbed forest. There was a strong significant difference in species composition among the three different sampling areas. High number of diatoms with 14 species was recorded in sacred grove. Cyanobacteria with 22 species were the frequent group in disturbed forest whereas Trentepohliales dominated in plantation. Canonical correspondence analysis confirmed that high photon irradiance favored the growth of cyanobacteria in disturbed forest. The abundance of Trentepohliales members correlated to high rainfall and photon irradiance. High diversity and presence of many diatom species in undisturbed Mawphlang sacred grove were associated with low photon irradiance and high relative humidity and could also be due to a presence of suitable substrata formed by the growth of mosses. Sunlight, relative humidity, and rainfall were the important factors which played a major role in determining the diversity and distribution of subaerial algal communities.

PATTERNS OF VARIATION IN ALGAL COMMUNITIES ALONG THE MEDITERRANEAN COAST, ISRAEL

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbro Lundberg ◽  
Linda Olsvig-Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Community Patterns ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Ordination Techniques ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Composite Samples

Algal species composition and cover data were collected from sixteen stations along 150 km of the Mediterranean coast of Israel during 1973–1995. The samples produced 185 composite samples from three habitat types, platform, wall, and rocky sea floor, which were analyzed using numerical classification and ordination techniques (TWINSPAN and RDA) to determine whether habitat, season, site, or yearly patterns correlate with observed differences between the algal communities. We conclude that habitat is the most important factor determining algal community composition, followed by season and site. Community patterns fluctuate between years but show no trends. Some recommendations for future monitoring are given.

Dominant diatom species in the Canada Basin in summer 2003, a reported serious melting season

Polar Record ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuxian Zheng ◽  
Guizhong Wang ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Minghong Cai ◽  
Jianfeng He
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Canada Basin ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

ABSTRACTDuring the second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2003, sea ice cores and the underlying water were sampled from seven stations in the pack ice zone of the Canada Basin and were examined with a phase contrast microscope. A total of 102 and 78 algal species were identified for the ice cores and the underlying water, respectively, ranking in the middle range among the surveys of the Arctic Ocean up to the present despite seasonal variability. The Shannon-Wiener indices ranged from 1.40 to 4.88 with an average of 3.58 ± 0.68. Diatom species, especially pennate species, dominated in all the samples. A large number of algal spores were contained in every layer (abundance percentage > 1%). The microalgal abundances ranged from 1.4 × 104 to 8.73 × 105 cells L−1 and the biomass ranged from 0.56 to 89.49 μg L−1. They were correlated with the number of algal species (P < 0.05) but not with the diversity index (P > 0.05). Ice algal maxima were observed in various layers (bottom, interior and near the surface of the ice floes). The phytoplankton biomass in the ice-water interface was one order of magnitude lower than that in the bottom ice (P < 0.05). The species number and the diversity index in water samples, with much less biomass (P < 0.01), were comparative with the ice samples (P > 0.05). Spatial heterogeneity in both horizontal and vertical directions was the main characteristic of the algal community structure, which was demonstrated by the cluster analysis result and the distribution patterns.

Periphyton communities in New Zealand streams impacted by acid mine drainage

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Bray ◽  
Paul A. Broady ◽  
Dev K. Niyogi ◽  
Jon S. Harding
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Algal Assemblages ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Discharges from historic and current coal mines frequently generate waters low in pH (<3), high in heavy metals (e.g. Fe, Al) and cover streambeds in metal precipitates. The present study investigated periphyton communities at 52 stream sites on the West Coast, South Island, New Zealand, representing a range of impacts from acid mine drainage (AMD). Taxonomic richness was negatively related to acidity and metal oxides and biomass was negatively correlated with metal oxides, but positively related to acidity. Streams with low pH (<3.5) had low periphyton richness (14 taxa across all sites) and were dominated by Klebsormidium acidophilum, Navicula cincta and Euglena mutabilis. As pH increased, so did taxonomic richness while community dominance decreased and community composition became more variable. Canonical correspondence analyses of algal assemblages revealed patterns influenced by pH. These findings indicate that streams affected by AMD possess a predictable assemblage composition of algal species that can tolerate the extreme water chemistry and substrate conditions. The predictability of algal communities declines with decreasing stress, as other abiotic and biotic factors become increasingly more important.

scholarly journals Investigation of Species Biodiversity of Ship Hull Algal Communities Using Genetic Markers and Effect of Difference in Antifouling Paints on Algal Species Composition

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kawai ◽  
Takeaki Hanyuda ◽  
Hideo Okamura ◽  
Masanobu Kawachi ◽  
Masayuki Kunugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Ship Hull ◽  
Antifouling Paints ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Species Biodiversity

scholarly journals The First Cut Is the Deepest: Trawl Effects on a Deep-Sea Sponge Ground Are Pronounced Four Years on

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelin M. Morrison ◽  
Heidi Kristina Meyer ◽  
Emyr Martyn Roberts ◽  
Hans Tore Rapp ◽  
Ana Colaço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Bottom Trawl ◽  
Physical Disturbance ◽  
Remotely Operated Vehicle ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Control ◽  
Distinct Separation

Few studies have described the effects of physical disturbance and post-recovery of deep-sea benthic communities. Here, we explore the status of deep-sea sponge ground communities four years after being impacted by an experimental bottom trawl. The diversity and abundance of epibenthic megafauna of two distinct benthic communities in disturbed versus control areas were surveyed using a remotely operated vehicle on the Schulz Bank, Arctic Ocean. Four years after disturbance, megafaunal densities of the shallow (∼600 m depth) and deep (∼1,400 m depth) sites were significantly lower on the disturbed patches compared to the control areas. Multivariate analyses revealed a distinct separation between disturbed and control communities for both sites, with trawling causing 29–58% of the variation. Many epibenthic morphotypes were significantly impacted by the trawl, including ascidians, Geodia parva, Hexactinellida spp., Craniella infrequens, Lissodendoryx complicata, Haliclonia sp. Stylocordyla borealis, Gersemia rubiformis and Actiniaria sp. However, we found some smaller morphospecies to be equally abundant with control transects, including Polymastia thielei, Geodia hentscheli, and Stelletta rhaphidiophora, reflecting lower trawl impact for these morphotypes. Overall, our results suggest that these are fragile ecosystems that require much more time than four years to recover from physical disturbance typical of trawling activities.

scholarly journals Effects of nutrients enrichment on algal communities: an experimental in mesocosms approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirlene Aparecida Felisberto ◽  
Josimeire Aparecida Leandrini ◽  
Liliana Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Algal Composition

AIM: The effect of different concentrations of nutrients on algal communities living at the bottom of mesocosms was examined; METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the tributary of Rosana reservoir (Corvo river) from November 22nd to December 16th of 2003. Mesocosms were set up in triplicate, with four treatments: nitrogen (N); phosphorus (P); nitrogen plus phosphorus (NP); plus a control treatment (C), consisting in addition of water from the reservoir; RESULTS: Results of the Principal Components Analysis applied on the abiotic variables have shown that two axes explained 93.6% of the total variability (69.6 and 23.9%, respectively). It was possible to identify a group of P (positive) and N (negative) treatments of axis 1. The addition of nutrients in the experiment resulted in changes in algal composition. Mean values of density ranged from 8.383 to 34.510 ind.mL-1. Higher densities occurred in the phosphorus and nitrogen plus phosphorus treatments. The most representative classes were Zygnemaphyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanobacteria, both in density and species richness; CONCLUSIONS: Phosphorus seems to be beneficial to green algae in general, since a marked increase in Zygnemaphyceae and Chlorophyceae was found in the treatments containing phosphorus and nitrogen plus phosphorus. In the nitrogen treatment, however, green algae decreased dramatically, while Cyanobacteria remained constant, indicating their capacity to live in changed environments and confirms the limiting role played by phosphorus on the algal groups.

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