The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

scholarly journals Tracing the cultural history of upper Snake River guides in Grand Teton National Park

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Yolonda Youngs
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Snake River ◽  
World War ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This study traces the development and evolution of Snake River use and management through an in-depth exploration of historic commercial scenic river guiding and concessions on the upper Snake River in Grand Teton National Park (GRTE) from 1950 to the present day. The research is based on a combination of methods including archival research, oral history analysis, historical landscape analysis, and fieldwork. I suggest that a distinct cultural community of river runners and outdoor recreationalists developed in Grand Teton National Park after World War II. In GRTE, a combination of physical, cultural, and technical forces shaped this community’s evolution including the specific geomorphology and dynamic channel patterns of the upper Snake River, the individuals and groups that worked on this river, and changes in boat and gear technology over time. The following paper presents the early results from the first year of this project in 2016 including the work of a graduate student and myself. This study offers connections between the upper Snake River and Grand Teton National Park to broader national trends in the evolution of outdoor recreation and concessions in national parks, the impact of World War II on technological developments for boating, and the cultural history of adventure outdoor recreation and tourism in the United States.   Featured photo by Elton Menefee on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/AHgCFeg-gXg

THE EARLY HISTORY OF OXYGEN USE FOR PREMATURE INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Early History ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Thus, by the end of 1948, belief in the value of oxygen therapy was universal. The newborn infant was thought to be more resistant to higher pressures of oxygen than the adult, and oxygen was accepted as being generally beneficial to the premature infant. Pediatricians concerned with mortality, neurological deficits such as cerebral diplegia and mental retardation, or with cyanotic attacks and apnea had a firm rationale for their strong emphasis on prompt and vigorous oxygen therapy as a major advance in the care of premature infants. Better incubators and piped-in oxygen in the new premature centers permitted better care after World War II. The relationship between RLF and oxygen therapy was neither known nor suspected.

scholarly journals Military-Technical Cooperation of the USSR and the CHSR in the 30s of the 20th Century (According to the Memoirs of Chief Designer of Artillery Weapons of the Kirov Plant I.A. Makhanov). Part 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Igor Tyumentsev ◽  
◽  
Alexander Kleitman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
World War ◽  
Source Text ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Chief Designer ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Introduction. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, who in the 1930s was the chief designer of artillery weapons at the Kirov plant, contain unique data on the development of the military-technical thought and the defense sector of the USSR industry in the pre-war period. The published fragment of memoirs, first introduced into scientific circulation, supplements and corrects the ideas formed in historiography about the militarytechnical cooperation of the USSR and Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. Methods and materials. The preparation of the source text for publication is carried out taking into consideration the modern requirements of archaeography. The published fragment is provided with archaeographic notes which allow to reconstruct the history of creation and modification of the text by the author. The scientific commentary provides information about personalities, place names and specific terms mentioned in the text. Analysis. The author pointed out that despite the supply of the latest weapons from Czechoslovakia to Yugoslavia, Italy, Turkey, Latin America, the share of purchases by the USSR was 50% and had broad prospects for increasing. The German occupation of 1938 suspended and then interrupted military-technical cooperation between the countries. Nevertheless, the Czech side fulfilled all obligations to the USSR. Result. As the published fragment of I.A. Makhanov proves, in the 1930s Czech specialists willingly acquainted the Soviet delegation with the latest developments in artillery systems. At the same time, after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, none of these weapons were brought to a prototype. Plants “Skoda” and “Zbroevka” were engaged only in the production and modernization of old weapons. Thus, the data of I.A. Makhanova confirm the hypothesis of sabotage of work for Nazi Germany by Czech designers led by V. Gromadko.

scholarly journals Military-Technical Cooperation of the USSR and the ChSR in the 30s of the 20th Century (According to the Memoirs of Chief Designer of Artillery Weapons of the Kirov Plant I.A. Makhanov)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Igor Tyumentsev ◽  
◽  
Alexander Kleitman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
World War ◽  
Source Text ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Chief Designer ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military

Introduction. Memoirs of I.A. Makhanov, who in the 1930s was the chief designer of artillery weapons at the Kirov plant, contain unique data on the development of the military-technical thought and the defense sector of the USSR industry in the pre-war period. The published fragment of memoirs, first introduced into scientific circulation, supplements and corrects the ideas formed in historiography about the military-technical cooperation of the USSR and Czechoslovakia on the eve of World War II. Methods and materials. The preparation of the source text for publication is carried out taking into consideration modern requirements of archaeography. The published fragment is provided with archaeographic notes which allow reconstructing the history of creation and modification of the text by the author. The scientific commentary provides information about personalities, place names and specific terms mentioned in the text. Analysis. The author pointed out that despite the supply of the latest weapons from Czechoslovakia to Yugoslavia, Italy, Turkey, Latin America, the share of purchases by the USSR was 50% and had broad prospects for increasing. The German occupation of 1938 suspended and then interrupted military-technical cooperation between the countries. Nevertheless, the Czech side fulfilled all obligations to the USSR. Results. As the published fragment of I.A. Makhanov proves, in the 1930s Czech specialists willingly acquainted the Soviet delegation with the latest developments in artillery systems. At the same time, after the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Germany, none of these weapons were brought to a prototype. “Skoda” and “Zbroevka” plants were engaged only in the production and modernization of old weapons. Thus, the data of I.A. Makhanov confirm the hypothesis of sabotage of work for Nazi Germany by Czech designers led by V. Gromadko.

Psychoanalysts on the Podium: Sándor Ferenczi and Sándor Feldmann in the Hungarian Daily Press

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Melinda Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of Psychoanalysis ◽  
Sándor Ferenczi ◽  
Daily Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
Weekly Press ◽  
The Way

This article uses the example of Hungary to present some ways in which the study of old newspapers can contribute to the early history of psychoanalysis and even change the way we think about it. It explores the presence of various psychoanalysts in selected organs of the Hungarian daily and weekly press before World War II. A search was conducted on ten daily papers and two weekly papers ( Az Est, Budapesti Hírlap, Esti Kurir, Magyar Hírlap, Magyarország, Népszava, Pesti Hírlap, Pesti Napló, Ujság, Világ, Színházi Élet, Tolnai Világlapja) for articles by and interviews with psychoanalysts, with a focus on the main representatives of the two major psychoanalytical societies in Hungary – Sándor Ferenczi for the Hungarian Psychoanalytical Society and Sandor Feldmann for the Hungarian section of the Association of Independent Medical Analysts. One of the goals of this paper is to draw attention to the role that the rival psychoanalytical schools and their societies played in the history of psychoanalysis, without which it would not be as we know it today.

Office of Strategic Services versus Special Operations Executive: Competition for the Italian Resistance, 1943–1945

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Tommaso Piffer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Support ◽  
Office Of Strategic Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

This article explores the relationship between the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in the Italian campaign during World War II. Drawing on recently declassified records, the article analyzes three issues that prevented satisfactory coordination between the two agencies and the impact those issues had on the effectiveness of the Allied military support given to the partisan movements: (1) the U.S. government's determination to maintain the independence of its agencies; (2) the inability of the Armed Forces Headquarters to impose its will on the reluctant subordinate levels of command; and (3) the relatively low priority given to the Italian resistance at the beginning of the campaign. The article contributes to recent studies on OSS and SOE liaisons and sheds additional light on an important turning point in the history of their relations.

Kina warszawskie: wrzesień–grudzień 1939 roku

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Karol Szymański
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
World War ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
General Government ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

Karol Szymański depicts the history of the Warsaw cinemas and analyzes the cinema repertoire in the particular time from September to December 1939 (that is from the outbreak of World War II, through the defense and the siege of Warsaw, until the first months of the German occupation) taking into account a wider context of living conditions in the capital as well as a changing front and political situation. The author draws attention, among other things, to the rapid decrease in the cinema audience in the first week of September. As a consequence cinemas ceased to work, which made them unable to fulfill their informational or propaganda role and provide the inhabitants of the fighting city with the escapist or uplifting entertainment. During the siege of Warsaw some cinemas changed their functions and became a shelter for several thousand fire victims and refugees, while others were irretrievably destroyed in bombings and fires. In turn, after the capitulation and takeover of the city by the Germans, some of the most representative cinemas which survived (they were entirely expropriated by the administration of the General Government) began to gradually resume their activity from the beginning of November. By the end of 1939 there were already eight reactivated cinemas in Warsaw, including one (Helgoland, former Palladium) intended only for the Germans. These cinemas showed only German films – they were entertaining productions which were well-executed, devoid of explicit propaganda or ideological elements, with the greatest stars of the Third Reich cinema. However, December 1939 brought also the first action of the Polish resistance against German cinemas and cinema audience in Warsaw, which in the years to come developed and became an important element of the civilian fight against the occupant.

scholarly journals Paronella Park: Music, Migration and the ‘Tropical Exotic’

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Community Music ◽  
Musical Score ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Movie Theatre ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Musical Activities

The history of Paronella Park is a tale of migration from Europe to far north Queensland; underscored by the music of a diversity of cultures that weaves a rich tapestry through this narrative; set to a backdrop of tropical wilderness in the rainforest of Mena Creek, via Innisfail. Jose Paronella arrived in north Queensland, Australia from Catalonia, Spain in 1911; where he spent many years working as a cane cutter. In 1929 he bought thirteen acres of land on Mena Creek to fulfil his dream of creating a Spanish castle and tourist resort. By 1935 Paronella’s dream had become a reality, with the completed construction of Paronella Park: a Spanish castle, picnic area, ballroom, movie theatre, hydro-electric power system, tennis courts and botanical gardens. Paronella Park became the cultural hub of the Mena Creek-Innisfail area, providing entertainment in movies, dances, balls and theatre. North Queensland was a base for Allied Service personnel during World War II, so musical activities increased greatly during this time with Australian and United States soldiers frequenting Paronella Park on rest and recreation. From this heyday, Paronella Park has survived destruction by cyclones and floods, fire, years of neglect, and finally restoration of much of the property. Over the past decade, Paronella Park has won extensive tourism awards. In 2010, to commemorate Paronella Park’s 75th anniversary, the musical The Impossible Dream was written and performed in Cairns. This paper traces the musical history of Paronella Park, investigates the cultural and musical activities performed there, identifies the bands and musicians who played at Paronella Park, their musical styles and repertoire, discusses the contribution of Paronella Park to tourism in north Queensland, and evaluates the influences of Spanish culture and music on the identity of the Mena Creek community. Music and lyrics from The Impossible Dream are transcribed and analysed to correlate their musical links to entertainment at Paronella Park during the 1930s and 1940s and identify Spanish influences in the musical score. The research also evaluates the impact of The Impossible Dream on recent tourism at Paronella Park, investigates current musical entertainment at Paronella Park and its potential for future development.

Geelong's Changing Landscape

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Ecological History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Future Management

Geelong's Changing Landscape offers an insightful investigation of the ecological history of the Geelong and Bellarine Peninsula region. Commencing with the penetrating perspectives of Wadawurrung Elders, chapters explore colonisation and post-World War II industrial development through to the present challenges surrounding the ongoing urbanisation of this region. Expert contributors provide thoughtful analysis of the ecological and cultural characteristics of the landscape, the impact of past actions, and options for ethical future management of the region. This book will be of value to scientists, engineers, land use planners, environmentalists and historians.

The Aviatrix: Nationalism, Women, and Heroism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serinity Young
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
Women Pilots ◽  
Wonder Woman ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines women in modern aviation, beginning with the comic-book character Wonder Woman, who embodies themes of war, nationalism, and heroism. These themes continue to be examined through the lives of American aviator Amelia Earhart, women pilots in World War II (especially the German aviator Hanna Reitsch), and women who have taken part in NASA’s space programs. The relatively recent battles over whether and when to allow women to fly airplanes and space shuttles encourage speculation on how much or how little things have changed for women who long to fly. World War II female pilots also illustrate the early history of discussions about women’s fitness for combat.

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