scholarly journals Доклад И.С. Гурвича по этнографии Якутии в архиве Академии наук

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Mikhail Yu. Kiselev,
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Language Literature

The article provides information on the report by I.S. Gurvich “New Data on Ethnography of Northern Yakutia”, stored in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, presented at a meeting of the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences on April 26, 1955. The report contains information about expeditions of the Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Yakut Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1953-1954. The expeditions aimed to study the composition of the population, life and culture of the peoples living in the basins of the Yana and Lower Lena rivers (Verkhoyansk, Ust-Yansky, Berizinsky, Zhigansky regions). As a result of a wide continuous ethnographic survey, it was possible not only to collect material for an ethnographic map of the northern regions of Yakutia and to further elaborate ethnic statistics for a number of regions, but also to identify areas of settlement of specific ethnic groups. The scientist managed to collect sufficient material to characterize the process of national consolidation, which was extremely intensive in the north of Yakutia. He noted that in reality the historical process in the North was still going on and had its own specificity, and "the task of Soviet historians and ethnographers is to reveal the essence of these processes, since there is still no connected history of the peoples of the North".

“A Page from the History of Marxism”: Gefter’s Edevours to Read Marx Anew

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 11-34
Author(s):  
Svetlana Neretina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Strategy Development ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of this paper is to show how the thought and speech of people holding and defending directly opposite positions affect the change in the thought and speech of people of their own and subsequent generations, with different life orientations, and to find ways of this influence. The author describes the situation that arose at the end of the sixties of the twentieth century, known as the ideological dispersal of philosophical, historical and sociological trends that ran counter to the policy of the CPSU, which became especially fierce in the fight against opponents after the USSR’s invasion of Czechoslovakia in August, 1968. One of the results of such an ideological battle was the defeat of the sector of the methodology of history of the Institute of General History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, headed by M. Ya. Gefter, who published a series of books in which the so-called laws of historical development (formational approach) were questioned and the fundamental provisions of the classics of Marxism-Leninism were criticized. The subject of analysis is Gefter’s article “A Page from the History of Marxism in the Early 20th Century”, published in the book “Historical Science and Some Problems of the Modernity”, dedicated to the analysis of Lenin’s tactics and strategy development which changed the views of many, especially young, historians on the historical process, and most importantly - on the methods of seeking and expressing the truth. The differences were expressed primarily in the fact that the proponents and defenders of the Soviet regime, which was based on their own established norms of Marxism-Leninism, fearlessly used all means of pressure on unwanted opponents. Professionals, however, who tried to understand the true sense of the historical process, the sense of judgments about it, especially the sense of the revolutionary struggle against the autocracy, unfolding at the beginning of the twentieth century, were forced to use the Aesopian language, which also provoked a distortion of this sense in many ways: due to the nebulous and veiled expressions, which give the impression of theoretical blackmail, causing such consequences as speech irresponsibility.

scholarly journals Crimean Correspondents of Academician V. I. Vernadsky (1920s–1930s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Nepomnyashchy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Local History ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Written Sources

Referring to a corpus of epistolary sources kept in the personal archival fund of academician V. I. Vernadsky in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (correspondence sent to him from Crimea) and documents from the St Petersburg branch of the RAS Archive and the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, the author restores some aspects of the daily life of Crimean local history of the 1920s–1930s. Vernadsky’s attention to people and events on the peninsula are connected with a dramatic period of his biography, i.e. his unexpected tenure as rector of the University of Taurida (October 1920 — January 1921). Thanks to the participation of the university in the activities of the Taurida Scientific Association, the academician formed a social circle of scientists from different fields of knowledge in Crimea. The analysis of Vernadsky’s correspondence helps define his range of interests related to Crimean affairs after his departure from Crimea. Vernadsky, not indifferent to the fate of Taurida University (M. V. Frunze Pedagogical Institute) (during the years in question described as Crimean University), was interested in the fate of the prominent professors who he worked with at the university in 1920. Thanks to the Crimean correspondence of A. I. Markevich, the leader of the local history movement, the author has been able to clarify the fate of individual manuscripts by V. I. and G. V. Vernadsky and the history of transfer of funds of the pioneers of comprehensive exploration of the peninsula P. I. Köppen and H. H. Steven to the Archives of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The epistolary heritage of geologists P. A. Dvoichenko and S. P. Popova, Vernadsky’s former colleagues at Taurida University, makes it possible to recreate the pages of the research of the natural productive forces of Crimea carried out in those years. In his correspondence with professors E. V. Petukhov and N. L. Ernst, Vernadsky discussed individual issues that worried scientists.

R/V “VITYAZ” – FLAGMAN OF THE SCIENTIFIC FLEET OF THE GOLDEN AGE OF SOVIET OCEAN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-105
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Research Vessel ◽  
Shirshov Institute ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the first research vessel “Vityaz” of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS, until 1991 – IO of the USSR Academy of Sciences). The history of the vessel is briefly told, information about “Vityaz” cruises is selectively given, photographs stored in the Museum of the History of IO RAS and documents from the personal archives of IO RAS employees participating in “Vityaz” cruises are given. Some of the photos and documents are published for the first time.

scholarly journals DAGHESTAN FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES: THE DIFFICULT AND GLORIOUS WAY OF CREATION (TO THE 75 ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDATION)

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Akai Kurbanovich MURTAZAEV ◽  
Yuliya Mikhaylovna LYSENKO
Keyword(s):  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organizational Activities ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of Formation

The article examines the history of formation and development of the Daghestan base of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Daghestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Daghestan Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences – the Daghestan Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Shown are the successes achieved by the team of Daghestan scientists over the years of its existence. The scientific and scientific-organizational activities of the Centre for 75 years have been analyzed.

scholarly journals The history of forming libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the Siberian-Far East region and trends of their development in the 2000s

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
E. B. Artemyeva ◽  
N. I. Podkorytova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
Far East ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Library System ◽  
Siberian Branch ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

In the context of the active development of information and communication technologies and a changing society in the XXI century, it becomes relevant to comprehend the experience accumulated by the scientific libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which have experienced serious organizational and structural transformations that affect the formation of their ideological and resource base, the construction of adequate models for the organization, preservation, use and promotion of their resources.  The article objective is to present the history of forming scientific institution libraries in Siberia and the Far East, emerging and developing the library system of a department of the USSR Academy of Sciences – the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences – Russian Academy of Sciences (SB USSR AS and SB RAS) in 1920–2020 to determine further trends in their activities. To carry out the work, the author used such techniques as statistic, system and factor analysis, modeling, forecasting. The main tasks of the library system of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (as well as other libraries of RAS) were to provide information for scientists and specialists of research institutions and preserve the historical, cultural and scientific heritage of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Disintegration of the network connections, the model destruction of centralizing the library community of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which has occurred recent years, required the development of new models of interaction between libraries and adjustments of their functions in the scientific and information space of the region. The authors represents reasoning about the trends in the further development of the libraries of RAS, SB RAS and SPSTL SB RAS as the central library of the system.

scholarly journals Studies of Permafrost in the European Northeast of Russia in the First Half of the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Tatyana P. Filippova ◽  
◽  
Nina G. Lisevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

On the basis of a wide range of sources, the research analyzes the history of the study of permafrost in the territory of the European Northeast of Russia in the first half of the 20th century. The documentary sources revealed in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow), the National Archive of the Komi Republic (Syktyvkar), the Scientific Archive of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar), the Vorkuta Museum and Exhibition Center (Vorkuta) are introduced into the scientific use for the first time. The 1920s became the period of the birth of a new scientific direction – permafrostology. This science gave an impetus to the systematic study and development of the North and the Arctic. The beginning of systematic geocryologic studies was connected with the development of the European Northeast in the 1920s–1930s. It has been determined that the USSR Academy of Sciences played the leading role in carrying out these studies: it organized special scientific expeditions for studying the cryolithozone of this region. The main results of the studies and their motives interconnected with the government’s interests in the development of valuable northern mineral resources are shown. The results of the expeditions were conclusions about the possibility of constructing large industrial facilities in the regions of the explored reserves of natural raw material resources. Following scientists’ recommendation, the industrial development of the Pechora coal basin and the colonization of the polar region began. The climatic and natural features of the region demanded stationary scientific research in the field of design and construction. The Vorkuta Research Permafrost Station (VRPS) (1936–1958), created under the supervision of the USSR Academy of Sciences, began to carry out this research. Today, the history of this station’s activities is poorly studied. The article presents the main directions of VRPS research: engineering permafrostology and general issues of permafrost studies. The staff of the station were researchers of the Committee on Permafrost Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences and scientists from among prisoners of GULAG. The role of the staff who made a great contribution to permafrost studies is shown. Under the leadership of the scientists of the station, on the basis of their techniques, large industrial structures of Vorkuta District and Vorkuta, among them the first railroad in the conditions of permafrost, were designed. The conclusion is drawn on the leading role of scientists of the USSR Academy of Sciences in carrying out studies of permafrost soil in the European Northeast in the first half of the 20th century which became the basis in the successful solution of construction problems in the Arctic territory.

scholarly journals Discovering the Arctic: Socio-Humanitarian Studies of USSR Academy of Sciences in Northern Regions of Yakutia in 1980s-1991s

2020 ◽  
pp. 434-448
Author(s):  
A. A. Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The One ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
New Research ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A pioneering attempt in historiography presents a scientific analysis of socio-humanitarian research carried out by employees of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the Arctic regions of Yakutia during 1980-1991. Archival materials identified by the author, as well as data from the scientific literature were used for the preparation of the article. The work carried out allowed us to present a characteristic of the development by scientists of a complex of sociocultural, economic, archaeological, historical and anthropological, linguistic and folklore issues. In this regard, the geography of the research is shown, their key actors and main directions are identified. At the same time, an analysis of the most important provisions developed by the participants of the considered research initiatives was carried out. It was established that in the mentioned period, on the one hand, the research was continued, which had been successfully carried out earlier in the Polar Yakutia, and on the other hand, new research trends were making their way. Their stipulation is proved by the development of scientific knowledge and the changing socio-political situation in the Soviet Union. It is concluded that, as a result, interdisciplinary research has been developed, including the widespread use of the natural science arsenal, as well as a clear shift in the paradigm regarding the assessment of Soviet transformations for the destiny of the indigenous peoples of the North.

scholarly journals Orest A. Scarlato – scientist and organizer of science: on the 100th anniversary of his birth (1920–1994)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ussr Academy ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Zoological Institute ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organizational Work ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

В статье описана биография, научная и научно-организационная работа академика Ореста Александровича Скарлато (1920–1994) – зоолога и гидробиолога, специалиста по двустворчатым моллюскам, с 1975 по 1994 гг. возглавлявшего Зоологический институт АН СССР/РАН. Ключевые слова: О.А. Скарлато, биография, история малакологии. The article describes the biography, scientific and scientific-organizational work of the Academician Orest Alexandrovich Scarlato (1920–1994), zoologist and hydrobiologist, specialist in bivalves, who headed the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences/Russian Academy of Sciences from 1975 to 1994. Key words: O.A. Scarlato, biography, history of malacology.

scholarly journals «Орфография нового калмыцкого литературного языка»: позиция Ц.-Д. Номинханова

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-337
Author(s):  
Michael Yu. Kiselev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Central Body ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Free Interaction ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Goals. The paper studies a manuscript monograph by Ts.-D. Nominkhanov titled ‘Orthography of the New Kalmyk Literary Language’ (December 25, 1932) and contained in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Materials. The work investigates sections and subsections of the monograph, namely: ‘Preface’ narrating about areas of residence and dialects of Kalmyk ethnic groups; ‘Old Script Orthography’ supplemented with a Latinized Jangar epic excerpt (alphabet of the 1930s) illustrating Zaya Pandita’s spelling patterns; ‘Spelling of Russified Kalmyk Script’ providing an excerpt from the Latinized spelling-book (Russ. Светлый путь), and reviews decisions of the February 1928 Kalmyk transcription and orthography development meeting; ‘Latinized Script Orthography’ introduces spelling patterns adopted by 1931 Moscow and Elista-based scientific conferences. Results. Prof. Ts. Nominkhanov concluded that the Latinized alphabet of the 1930s based on Zaya Pandita’s spelling could not meet the then needs of orthography. According to him, a scientifically unified Kalmyk literary language was to be based on the development of all Kalmyk dialects through their free interaction towards foundations of the Torghut dialect for further assimilation of different spelling subtleties and final enrichment the Kalmyk language proper. To facilitate this, he proposed that certain measures be undertaken, such as publication of a scientifically reasoned spelling book, organization of consistent academic studies in Kalmyk orthography and existing Kalmyk dialects at large, establishment of a central body that would check all manuscripts against orthographic, grammatical and other regulations introduced prior to publication. Conclusions. The study shall expand the source base on the history of the Kalmyk language and Prof. Ts.-D. Nominkhanov’s scientific heritage, and can be used for further research and educational purposes.

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