scholarly journals Inferring True COVID19 Infection Rates From Deaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian McCulloh ◽  
Kevin Kiernan ◽  
Trevor Kent
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as COVID19 has become a global pandemic in early 2020. The world has mounted a global social distancing intervention on a scale thought unimaginable prior to this outbreak; however, the economic impact and sustainability limits of this policy create significant challenges for government leaders around the world. Understanding the future spread and growth of COVID19 is further complicated by data quality issues due to high numbers of asymptomatic patients who may transmit the disease yet show no symptoms; lack of testing resources; failure of recovered patients to be counted; delays in reporting hospitalizations and deaths; and the co-morbidity of other life-threatening illnesses. We propose a Monte Carlo method for inferring true case counts from observed deaths using clinical estimates of Infection Fatality Ratios and Time to Death. Findings indicate that current COVID19 confirmed positive counts represent a small fraction of actual cases, and that even relatively effective surveillance regimes fail to identify all infectious individuals. We further demonstrate that the miscount also distorts officials' ability to discern the peak of an epidemic, confounding efforts to assess the efficacy of various interventions.

Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs as promising therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Shirbhate ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Vijay K Patel ◽  
Ravichandran Veerasamy ◽  
Prabodh C Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China has today travelled all around the world, so far 216 countries or territories with 21,732,472 people infected and 770,866 deaths globally (as per WHO COVID-19 update dated August 18, 2020). Continuous efforts are being made to repurpose the existing drugs and develop vaccines for combating this infection. Despite, to date, no certified antiviral treatment or vaccine prevails. Although, few candidates have displayed their efficacy in in vitro studies and are being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. This article summarizes synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds displaying potent activity in their clinical experiences or studies against COVID-19 and also focuses on mode of action of drugs being repositioned against COVID-19.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES ON THE MANIFESTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
S. O. Yastremska ◽  
O. M. Krekhovska-Lepiavko ◽  
B. A. Lokay ◽  
O. V. Bushtynska ◽  
S. V. Danchak
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Summary. The first known case of infection from the novel coronavirus was recorded almost one year ago, in China’s Hubei province. The city of Wuhan was infamous the world over as the original virus epicenter, seeing more than half of China’s reported cases and deaths. The outbreak of COVID-19 virus, as sickened more than 14.7 million people. At least 610.200 people have died. The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data about the influence of chronic diseases on the manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on COVID-19 infection, in particular the causes and mechanisms of its development, treatment, complications and its consequences as well as the influence of different chronic disorders on the course of COVID-19. Results. A sample of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 across 14 states of the USA in March was analyzed by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It was found that many (89 %) had underlying health problem and 94 % of patients were at the age 65 and older. The case fatality rate for those under age 60 was 1.4 percent. For those over age 60, the fatality rate jumps to 4.5 percent. The older the population, the higher the fatality rate. For those 80 and over, Covid-19 appears to have a 13.4 percent fatality rate. Moreover, it was recognized, that older adults don't present in a typical way of the course of different disorders, and we're seeing that with Covid-19 as well. Conclusions. Chronic diseases and conditions are on the rise worldwide. COVID-19 became the most challenging pandemic influencing all countries worldwide. Chronic diseases are suggested to be one of the main causes of different life-threatening complications of COVID-19 infection and one of the main factors of poor prognosis for the patients.

scholarly journals The Information Infrastructure of Search Engines: A Content Analysis of Covid-19 Immunization Information Online

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée Belliveau
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

After the World Health Organization declared the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) a global pandemic in March 2020, they cautioned of another outbreak: an “infodemic.” This study examines how online search engines are influencing the global spread of immunization information about COVID-19. It aims to address the various ways in which search technology is shaping users’ perceptions of the pandemic and to measure the credibility of the sources they provide.

scholarly journals Community grid management is an important measure to contain the spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Ling ◽  
Xianjie Wen
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Grid Management

Abstract The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), declared as a ‘global pandemic’ by the World Health Organization (WHO), is a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC). The outbreak in multiple locations shows a trend of accelerating spread around the world. China has taken a series of powerful measures to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to actively finding effective treatment drugs and developing vaccines, it is more important to identify the source of infection at the community level as soon as possible to block the transmission path of the virus to prevent the spread of the pandemic. The implementation of grid management in the community and the adoption of precise management and control measures to reduce unnecessary personnel movement can effectively reduce the risk of pandemic spread. This paper mainly describes that the grid management mode can promote the refinement and comprehensiveness of community management. As a management system with potential to improve the governance ability of community affairs, it may be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic in the community.

Rapid Development and Deployment of Respiratory Evaluation Clinics in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic to Keep Staff and Patients Safe

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Charles Haddad ◽  
Christopher Scuderi ◽  
Judelle Haddad-Lacle ◽  
Reetu Grewal ◽  
Jeffrey Jacqmein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
The U.S

The world as we knew it changed at the beginning of 2020 with the explosion of the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a.k.a. COVID-19. As of January 10, 2021, the novel coronavirus has infected over 89 million people worldwide and killed over 1.9 million. In the U.S., there have been 22 million people infected and 373,000 deaths. It has never been more important to protect our vulnerable patients and staff from infectious disease, especially during the time they spend in our offices and clinics. It quickly became apparent that there was a need for a dedicated location where patients could be seen that were too ill to be evaluated via telemedicine, but not ill enough to be sent to the Emergency Department (ED). To fill this need, our primary care network developed the Respiratory Evaluation Clinic (REC) concept. These were two geographical locations where the outlying clinics could send potentially infectious patients to evaluate and test COVID-19. Some recommendations, adaptations, lessons learned and the REC clinics' expansions to other locations throughout our network are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Glucocorticoids in the Management of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Vasileia Ismini Alexaki ◽  
Holger Henneicke
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Frontline Treatment ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in a global pandemic and poses an emergency to public health systems worldwide. COVID-19 is highly infectious and is characterized by an acute respiratory illness that varies from mild flu-like symptoms to the life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As such, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies, which combat the high mortality in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Glucocorticoids are a frontline treatment for a diverse range of inflammatory diseases. Due to their immunosuppressive functions, the use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients was initially regarded with caution. However, recent studies concluded that the initiation of systemic glucocorticoids in patients suffering from severe and critical COVID-19 is associated with lower mortality. Herein we review the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids and discuss emerging issues in their clinical use in the context of COVID-19.

scholarly journals A proposed two-stage quarantine containment scheme against spreading of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2096215
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
C. L. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Targeted Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly all over the world with over 23 million infected near the end of August 2020. There are also asymptomatic patients (APs) who are difficult to identify, but they are infectious and believed to be one of the transmission sources. No specific medicine, no vaccine and even no reliable quick identification tests on SARS-CoV-2 are available yet. Workable safety management must be implemented to stop such global pandemic resulting from disease transmission, including those infected through APs. A two-stage containment scheme is proposed with quarantining people into units within blocks. The units inside a block is to be open after being closed for quarantine for an agreed period such as 14 days. The blocks would then be sealed for another period before opening. Argument of the proposal was supported by a simple mathematical approach with parameters deduced from observations on a cruise ship to estimate the infection constant. The proposed containment scheme is believed to be effective in controlling the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and identifying APs by a more targeted screening test for the suspected group with a more acceptable environment at the second stage of containment.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Thrombosis Predisposition

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Renata Gerculy ◽  
Camelia Libenciuc ◽  
Nora Rat ◽  
Monica Chitu ◽  
Imre Benedek
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Disease Spreading ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease first appeared in Wuhan (China) is an infectious disease spreading throughout the world, causing life-threatening conditions in vulnerable or even healthy individuals. The great impact of this virus on healthcare urges physicians to investigate all aspects of the disease in order to overcome its complications. A particularly investigated aspect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is represented by the coagulation disorders among infected and critically ill patients. Several studies observed modified blood coagulation parameters such as D-dimers, fibrinogen, and coagulation times. Moreover, the severe thrombotic complications, mainly pulmonary embolism, could be responsible for the high mortality and poorer outcomes of COVID-19 infected patients. The aim of this article is to present the current knowledge related to thrombosis predisposition in patients infected with the new coronavirus.

scholarly journals A Method to Model Outbreaks of New Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential such as COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem G. Odendaal
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
The World ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe emergence of the novel coronavirus (a.k.a. COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2) out of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China caught the world by surprise. As the outbreak began to spread outside of China, too little was known about the virus to model its transmission with any acceptable accuracy. World governments responded to rampant misinformation about the virus leading to collateral disasters, such as plunging financial markets, that could have been avoided if better models of the outbreak had been available. This is an engineering approach to model the spread of a new infectious disease from sparse data when little is known about the infectious agent itself. The paper is not so much about the model itself - because there are many good scientific approaches to model an epidemic - as it is about crunching numbers when there are barely any numbers to crunch. The coronavirus outbreak in USA is used to illustrate the implementation of this modeling approach. A Monte Carlo approach is implemented by using incubation period and testing efficiency as variables. Among others it is demonstrated that imposing early travel restrictions from infected countries slowed down the outbreak in the USA by about 26 days.

scholarly journals COVID-19 infections on international celebrities: self presentation and tweeting down pandemic awareness

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. A09
Author(s):  
Wishes Mututwa ◽  
Trust Matsilele
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which was first reported in China's Wuhan province in December 2019 became a global pandemic within a few months. The exponential rise in COVID-19 cases globally was accompanied by a spike in misinformation about the pandemic, particularly on social media. Employing Social Network Theory as a lens, this qualitative study explores how selected international celebrities appropriated their Twitter micro-blogging pages to announce their COVID-19 infection to the world. The study finds that these celebrities can take advantage of their huge social media following to counter disinfodemic and promote awareness about health pandemics.

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