scholarly journals Performance of Strawberry Varieties Developed for Perennial Matted-Row Production in Annual Plasticulture in a Cold Climate Region

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
High Yields

Annual plasticulture production of strawberries promises superior weed control, fruit quality and yields. However, strawberry varieties adapted for perennial, matted-row production and local markets in cold climate regions have not been widely tested for adaptation to an annual production cycle. Productivity of seven short-day varieties developed for matted-row and/or annual production was examined in an annual plasticulture system in two consecutive trials in central NY (lat. 42.87° N, long. 76.99° W) harvested in 2013 and 2014. ‘Flavorfest’ demonstrated good performance in Trial 1 with high yield (390 g/plant) and large fruit size (13.9 g mean berry weight). ‘Jewel’ was shown to be well adapted to the annual plasticulture system with consistently high yields (330 and 390 g/plant) that equaled or surpassed other varieties and had moderate fruit size. ‘Chandler’ performed similarly to previous trials conducted in warmer regions with yield (340 g/plant) and fruit size (9.8 g mean berry weight) similar to ‘Jewel’. ‘Clancy’ yielded less but was consistent from year to year. The late season varieties Seneca and Ovation showed marked variability between years, possibly due to drastically different temperatures during flowering and fruit development in Trial 1 compared to Trial 2. High temperatures in Trial 1 likely caused higher early fruit yield, a compressed season and a precipitous decline in fruit size in the later season, thus reducing yield in the late season. Survival after a second dormant period was poor resulting in a small second harvest and reduced fruit size. Overall, the system demonstrated many of the expected benefits but may be more sensitive to weather conditions in the region. While many varieties developed for matted-row production may work well in an annual plasticulture system, not all varieties are equally adapted. Performance of each variety should be determined independently before large scale adoption by growers.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF SELF-FERTILITY IN BLACK CURRANT CULTIVARS IN THE NORTHWEST OF RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
O. A. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Northwest Of Russia ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Background. High yield is one of the main requirements for modern black currant cultivars. It depends on many factors, but is always linked to self-fertility. Highly selffertile cultivars are of particular importance in areas with unfavorable weather conditions during flowering, because they are able to provide high yields even in single-cultivar plantings. In this regard, it is very important to study selffertility of cultivars in order to identify those with the highest level of this character for use in breeding and large-scale cultivation.Materials and methods. The study of selffertility was carried out at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR in 2014–2017. Fifty-seven black currant cultivars of different genetic and ecogeographic origin were the material of the research. The degree of self-fertility was measured by conventional techniques in 3 variants of pollination: 1) natural self-pollination; 2) artificial self-pollination; and 3) free pollination. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel and the guidelines by B. A. Dospekhov.Results and conclusions. Highly self-fertile cultivars were identified, which may be recommended for breeders as sources of this trait: ‘Navlya’ (k-42228), ‘Dobrynya’ (k-42121), ‘Golubichka’ (k-32624), ‘Golosievsky velikan’ (k-44176), ‘Valentina’ (k-15631A), ‘Kozatskaya’ (k-44187), ‘Arapka’ (к-44175), ‘Kanakhama’ (k-44197) and ‘Fat’ (k-42509). High yield in the Northwest of Russia can be secured by cultivars that combine high self-fertility with large fruit size: ‘Valentina’ (k-15631A), ‘Vernisazh’ (k-43126), ‘Garmoniya’ (k-40677), ‘Dobrynya’ (k-42121), ‘Desertnaya Ogoltsovoy’(k-45670), ‘Joninai’ (k-43124), ‘Kanakhama’ (k-44197), ‘Karri (k-44172), ‘Mila’ (k-40673), ‘Sevchanka’(k-45551), ‘Sofievskaya’(k-43131), ‘Talisman’ (k-44183), ‘Yubileinaya Kopanya’ (k-44189), ‘Shalunya’(k-41988), and accession 2780-20-33 (k-15575A). It is shown that free pollination and artificial self-pollinationprovide a positive impact on the fruit setting level, fruit weight and seed productivity. Natural autogamy, on the contrary, tends to decrease the weight of berries and the number of seeds in them.

Evaluation of parental raspberry breeding forms for fruit size

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
M. A. Podgaetskiy ◽  
S. N. Evdokimenko
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Berry Size

Te article tackles the feasibility of improving the raspberry fruit size as an important production and marketability factor. Te trials included 22 domestic and foreign cultivars, 11 selected forms of raspberry, as well as ten cross-breeding combinations and three open-pollinated forms. Te assessment of parental forms and hybrids was carried out at the collection and breeding sites of the Kokino base station of Federal Horticultural Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery during 2016-2020. Fruits were harvested from regular cultivar bushes every 2 days in triplicate. Te average weight was determined per 100 berries in each replicate. Cultivars and hybrids were divided into three groups, small- (3.6 g). Te average berry weight in hybrid nurslings was estimated per plant. Each plant was sampled with 30 berries. Weighing was performed with an SCC-750 electronic scales device. Te weather conditions of the trial period were contrast, allowing a more objective assessment of the collection and breeding raspberry material by berry weight. Te following cultivars were identified as the sources of improved berry size in the parental form trials: Maria, Cascade Delight, Fenomen, Lavina, Cowichan, Patricia, Laczka, Glen Ample and selections 2-115-1, 8-13-2, 18-11-3, 18-11-2, 2-90-2 and 2-90-3. Tese forms had an average trial-period berry weight of 3.7-4.3 g least affected by weather conditions. Te inspection of hybrids revealed the best parental forms for obtaining new raspberry cultivars with an improved berry weight: Maria, Fenomen, Lavina, Cowichan, Glen Ample and the selected form 8-13-2. Te promising cross-combinations are: 2-12-1 x Fenomen, Lavina x Ulybka, 8-13-2 x Peresvet, as well as the open-pollinated offspring of Glen Ample, Cowichan and Maria. Large-fruited genotypes isolated in these lineages will be used in further breeding to increase the fruit size in raspberry.

Cultivation and Environmental Impact of Corn

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Nafziger
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Yields

Corn ranks first among crops in quantity produced globally, owing to its high yield and to its value as a food for humans and domestic animals. While its water-use efficiency is high compared to that of other crops, the production of high corn yields requires a great deal of water; the availability of water largely determines where the crop is grown. As a high-yielding grass species, corn also requires a substantial supply of nutrients (especially nitrogen) from external sources, including manufactured fertilizers and organic materials such as animal or green manures. This, along with the need to manage soils, weeds, insects, and diseases, makes corn production environmentally consequential. Corn captures large quantities of sunlight energy through photosynthesis, but its production requires large external inputs of energy, coming mostly (in mechanized production) from fossil fuels. So even though the crop’s high yields moderates the environmental cost per unit of grain produced, minimizing the external environmental consequences of large-scale corn production is an important goal in the quest for greater sustainability of production of this important crop.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters and Breeding for Yield in Red Raspberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Peter A. Alspach ◽  
Ron A. Beatson ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Emily J. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Small Fruit

For most small fruit-breeding programs, high yield is a key objective and breeders face a number of challenges breeding for high yield, including interaction of environmental influences and the high cost of yield measurements. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) yield is determined by a number of yield components (YC), including cane number, cane length, number of fruiting laterals, fruit numbers, and fruit size. The ultimate goal for breeders would be to be able to select for high-yield genotypes using key YC as early in the life of the plant as possible. In this study we set out to determine how individual components of yield are inherited, determine which components contribute the most to total yield, and investigate whether it is possible using key components to make selections for high-yielding genotypes on 1- and 2-year-old plants. We estimated variance components, heritabilities, phenotypic and genotypic correlations, and breeding values for yield and YC from 1008 genotypes based on 85 families derived from 45 parents harvested over three seasons in Washington state. Narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from moderately low [0.2 for number of canes (NCAN)] to moderately high [0.69 for berry weight (BWT)]. In general, all YCs were positively correlated with total yield (TYLD). The highest genetic correlation with TYLD was found for BWT (0.8), followed by cane length (CLEN) (0.54) and number of fruit per lateral (NFRT) (0.5). NCAN had the lowest genetic correlation with TYLD (–0.03). Genotype × year (G×Y) interaction was higher for some YCs than others. Berry weight, lateral length (LLEN), and NFRT were found to be the most stable overall seasons and the interaction was higher between the first and second years than between the second and third years of the study. To determine the most important YC, we calculated the correlations between the product of all combinations of subsets of the YC breeding values and TYLD. Berry weight, CLEN, and cane diameter (CDIA) were found to be the most important for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The two most important YCs were LLEN and BWT and this was consistent overall seasons. We demonstrate that it is possible to select high-yielding genotypes by measuring key components such as LLEN, CLEN, and BWT in the first and second fruiting seasons.

scholarly journals Productivity of apricot cultivars of medium late and late maturity in the Belgrade area

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Dejan Djurovic ◽  
Gordan Zec
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Crosssectional Area

Characteristics of productivity and growth (yield per tree, trunk crosssectional area, yield efficiency and fruit weight) were studied in 30 apricot cultivars of medium late and late maturity in the Belgrade area during the six-year period (2009?2014). The cultivar ?Hungarian Best? was used as a control for comparison. The period of study was divided into initial bearing (trees aged three to four years) and full bearing (trees aged five to eight years). Significant differences in yield between cultivars and years were found. An average yield in the period of initial bearing ranged from 0.6 to 6.4 kg per tree, and in the period of full bearing from 4.5 to 18.4 kg per tree. Compared to the control cultivar, significantly higher yield was obtained in 11 cultivars. Adverse weather conditions resulted in a significant reduction in yield in two out of six years of study. Cumulative yield efficiency varied from 0.10 to 0.85 kg/cm2 and in 13 cultivars it was significantly higher compared to the control cultivar. Fruit weight ranged from 26.6 to 81.1 g. Compared to the control, fruit weight was significantly higher in nine cultivars, and significantly lower in ten cultivars. On the basis of high yield and large fruit size, introduced cultivars ?Roxana?, ?Mary de Cenad? and ?Silvercot? as well as domestic cultivars ?Novosadska Rodna?, ?NS-4? and ?NS-6? can be recommended for growing in the Belgrade area.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of cucumber hybrids of semko-junior company by yield in the taiga zone of Omsk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00133
Author(s):  
Alyona Krasovskaya ◽  
Maria Krasovskaya ◽  
Vladimir Kumpan ◽  
Anna Kling
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Early Production ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
High Yields

Comparative assessment of cucumber hybrids of a Semko-Junior farm firm located in a taiga zone of Omsk Region showed that on average over 2 years the cucumber hybrids – F1 Otello and F1 Lastochka – which button stage was noted 2 days earlier in comparison with ultra-early F1 Tviksi and 1 day earlier in comparison with the control sample, were the most early-ripening variety. The longest period of “seedling-button stage” – 46 days – was characteristic of the hybrids F1 Semkross and F1 Kaskader. F1 Otello hybrid gave the highest total (7.53 kg/m2) and commercial yield (7.10 kg/m2), as well as early products yield. On average over 2 years the highest percentage of commercial yield – 93.9 was obtained with F1 Otello hybrid, the lowest – 84.6 – with F1 Semkross hybrid. In 2016, the highest yield – 60.5% of the total amount was harvested with regard to F1 Otello by August 9, more than 50% of the total yield was obtained from F1 Orlenok and F1 Lastochka, which also indicates their early ripening. In 2017, fruiting was later due to weather conditions, and by August 21 F1 Otello gave more than 50% of the yield, which confirmed its early ripening. The highest tasting assessment of buttons in fresh form was obtained for F1 Lastochka and F1 Otello. In the conditions of the taiga zone of Omsk Region, cucumber hybrids of the Semko-Junior farm firm – F1 Otello, as well as F1 Lastochka, which are distinguished by high yields and flavors, are recommended for vegetable growers to ensure early production and high yield.

HIGH YIELD PREPARATION OF FULLERENE NANOWHISKERS AND NANOTUBES BY THE SOLUTION ROUTE

NANO ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHERRY L. RINGOR ◽  
KUN'ICHI MIYAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Transient Absorption ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Solution Route ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Morphological Transformations

The effect of ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared irradiation on the yield and morphology of single crystalline C 60 fullerene nanowhiskers (FNWs) and nanotubes (FNTs) was investigated in an effort to produce large-scale quantities of FNWs and FNTs. These fullerene nanomaterials were synthesized by the liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation method using pyridine and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as solvents. The C 60–pyridine solution was illuminated using different wavelengths for 24 h at ambient pressure and temperature before addition of IPA. High yields (30–38 mg/L) were obtained upon irradiation using wavelengths in the ultraviolet region in accordance with the increased photoabsorption signal of solid C 60 and C 60 dissolved in pyridine acquired by a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. However, elevated yields (21–27 mg/L) were also obtained in the 600–800 nm regions, where C 60 absorption is particularly weak. Such an enhanced yield of FNTs and FNWs is probably related to the reported rise in transient absorption of the triplet excited state of C 60 in the 740 nm region formed by the decay of the photoexcited singlet C 60 through intersystem crossing. The formation of photopolymerized fullerene nanofibers was also observed by Raman spectroscopy, it is attributed to ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. SEM and TEM observations suggest that preparation of FNWs and FNTs by irradiation using different wavelengths of light does not produce apparent morphological transformations on the surface of these fullerene materials.

scholarly journals THEEVALUATIONOFSELECTEDFORMSOFGUELDER-ROSE (VIBURNUM OPULUS L.)DEVELOPED IN THE ALTAI REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
L.A. Khokhryakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Viburnum Opulus ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Active Substances

The guelder-rose(Viburnum opulusL.)has fruits rich in biologically active substances. The introduction of Vibur-num opulusL.into the garden culture as a fruit plant for the first time in our country was started in Barnaul at the Altai Zonal Fruit and Berry Experimental Station. The reason for the lack of commercially significant guelder-rose planta-tions in Russia is the unrevealed potential of the crop, the lack of varieties having a complex of technologically attrac-tive characteristics: compact crown of the bush, suitability for mechanized harvesting, early fruiting, high yield, low bitter tasting fruits that are suitable for fresh consumption in addition to processability. This paper describes the select-ed forms of Viburnum opulusL.developed at the Research Institute of Gardening in Siberia named after M.A. Lisaven-koof the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agro-Biotechnologies, the City of Barnaul. The results of breed-ing work with Viburnum opulusL.revealed real opportuni-ties for developing varieties with a complex of high eco-nomically significant indices. The research goal was to study the hybrid of Viburnum opulusL.and to identify the selected forms with a complex of economically valuable characters. The results from 2013 through 2019 are dis-cussed. The research targets were 9 selected forms from 5 families. The research was carried out in the breeding gar-den planted in 2008. Throughout the observation period, the weather conditions in 2013 and 2015 were the most favorable for the growth and fruiting of Viburnum opulusL.From 2017 through 2019, there was no harvest due to se-vere damage to the plants by Pyrrhalta vibumi larvae and beetles. The seedlings were evaluated regarding the ma-turity period, fruit quality (size, taste), and yield. The gen-eral condition of the plants, disease damage and pest damage were also evaluated. The observations were car-ried out according to the generally accepted program and method of selection and variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. According to the research findings, the forms 5-12-08, 5-6-08 and 8-29-08 were selected for high yields (four-year average -3.7 kg per bush; maximum -5.0 kg bush) and large-fruits (1.2-1.5 g). A good taste of fresh fruits (4.5 points) and a processed product -strained fruits with sugar (4.7 points) was noted in the hybrid 5-2-08. Regarding the total content of biologically active substances in the fruits, the selected form 6-8-08 was identified.

Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Wuye Ria Andayanie
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate  with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and  Mlg 3288  with the category of mild resistant.  They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal  antibody

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

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