scholarly journals Impact of Biochar on Physicochemical Properties of Haplic Luvisol Soil under Different Land Use: A Plot Experiment

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Cybulak ◽  
Zofia Sokołowska ◽  
Patrycja Boguta
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
And Function ◽  
Positive Effect

There is limited information regarding the effect of biochar (BioC) on improving the fertility of degraded soils (fallow and grassland), particularly with respect to changes with time. The objective of the study was to evaluate, in a three-year field experiment, the influence of BioC on the physicochemical properties of Haplic Luvisol. BioC, obtained via wood waste pyrolysis at 650 °C, was applied to the soil of subplots under fallow and grassland at rates of 0, 1, 2, and 3 kg·m−2. Soil samples were collected eight times, from 2013 to 2015. Physicochemical characterization was performed for soil and BioC by analyzing density, pH, surface charge, as well as ash and organic carbon content. BioC’s influence on the physicochemical properties of degraded soils was determined by analyzing the changes in pH, specific surface area, radius, and volume of the micropore. The addition of BioC affected analyzed soils to varying degrees. In the case of the fallow, a positive effect on changes in these parameters was observed, particularly at the highest biochar dose and for the last year of the experiment. However, for the grassland, in most cases we observed the opposite trend—for example, pH and specific surface area values decreased with increasing biochar dose. We believe that it is necessary to examine how BioC affects sorption properties of organic matter of fallow and grassland soils, as well as the BioC’s influence on humic acids of these soils as a function on BioC dose and function of time.

Enhancing the available specific surface area of carbon supports to boost the electroactivity of nanostructured Pt catalysts

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (46) ◽  
pp. 25609-25620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaovi Holade ◽  
Claudia Morais ◽  
Karine Servat ◽  
Teko W. Napporn ◽  
K. Boniface Kokoh
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Platinum Nanoparticles ◽  
Pt Catalysts ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Nanostructured Pt

We report a convenient and straightforward thermal pre-treatment to improve the physicochemical properties of carbon-based substrates to boost the catalytic activity of platinum nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: II Dependence of soil specific surface area on clay and organic carbon content

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen ◽  
Väinö Mäntylahti
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Water Vapor Adsorption ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Vapor Adsorption

The specific surface area of 60 mineral soil samples estimated by water vapor adsorption at 20 % relative humidity ranged from 12.1 ± 3.6 to 225.1 ±18.4 m2/g. Clay (range 1—72 %) and organic carbon content (0.7—14.6 %) together explained 84 % of the variation in the surface area. The regression equation predicting the specific surface area of soil was surface area (m2/g) =2.69+ 1.23clay-% +8.69org.C-%.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Hydrazine Reduction Method for the Preparation of Nickel Nanoparticles, Physicochemical Characterization and Catalytic Application in Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Adél Anna Ádám ◽  
Márton Szabados ◽  
Gábor Varga ◽  
Ádám Papp ◽  
Katalin Musza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Hydrazine Reduction ◽  
Cross Coupling Reaction ◽  
Pore Size Analysis

In the experimental work leading to this contribution, the parameters of the ultrasound treatment (temperature, output power, emission periodicity) were varied to learn about the effects of the sonication on the crystallization of Ni nanoparticles during the hydrazine reduction technique. The solids were studied in detail by X-ray diffractometry, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetry, specific surface area, pore size analysis, temperature-programmed CO2/NH3 desorption and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the thermal behaviour, specific surface area, total pore volume and the acid-base character of the solids were mainly determined by the amount of the nickel hydroxide residues. The highest total acidity was recorded over the solid under low-power (30 W) continuous ultrasonic treatment. The catalytic behaviour of the nanoparticles was tested in a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction over five samples prepared in the conventional as well as the ultrasonic ways. The ultrasonically prepared catalysts usually performed better, and the highest catalytic activity was measured over the nanoparticles prepared under low-power (30 W) continuous sonication.

Influence of amorphous silica and iron hydroxide on interparticle action and soil surface properties

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Yong ◽  
A. M. O. Mohamed ◽  
B. W. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Surface Charges

The study of the physicochemical properties of pure amorphous materials (complexes) consisting of Fe2O3 and SiO2 in various proportions indicates that the amorphous complexes will exhibit different properties and characteristics depending on the proportions of Fe2O3 and SiO2. Addition of the amorphous complexes with illitic clay studied shows that the properties of the clay admixture will also vary according to the properties of the amorphous complex, albeit to a lesser degree. The properties and behaviour observed for the amorphous complexes and the clay admixtures can be linked directly to the large specific surface area and high surface charge of the amorphous complexes. The contribution of amorphous complexes to the clay – amorphous complex mixtures (clay admixtures) is twofold: firstly, by the amount of amorphous complex in the clay admixture, and secondly by the composition of the amorphous complex used. The contribution from the amorphous complex is in two forms: water-holding capacity and bonding action. The presence of pH-dependent surface charges associated with the amorphous complexes makes the physicochemical properties and behaviour of the clay admixtures (e.g., liquid limits and zeta potential) sensitive to the pH environment. Coating of amorphous colloids onto clay particle surfaces, shown by scanning electron microscopy, appears to, be enhanced by a decrease in pH of the system, indicating that the enhancement is likely due to the increased electrostatic attraction resulting from the increased amounts of positive charges on the amorphous colloids. Key words : amorphous materials, mass ratio, zeta potential, Bingham yield stress, clay admixtures, hydrogen bonding, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity, anion exchange capacity, fabric and soil structure.

Deflocculant consumption of clay suspensions as a function of specific surface area and cation exchange capacity

Clay Minerals ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480
Author(s):  
D. G. G. Delavi ◽  
A. De Noni ◽  
D. Hotza
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Clay Suspensions

AbstractCeramic tile production by the wet route requires clay suspensions with a high solid content and low viscosity. In this work the deflocculation of clays in aqueous suspensions was investigated by varying the type of clay and additive. Three kaolinitic and two illitic clays were characterized and dispersed with deflocculants based on lithium, sodium and potassium silicates and polyacrylates. The clays were characterized by chemical and mineralogical analyses, particle size distribution, zeta potential, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (BET). Deflocculation curves were determined by measuring the viscosity for 50 wt.% clay slips. The results indicate that additive consumption is closely related to CEC and BET, which correspond respectively to the chemical and physical characteristics of the clay mineral's surface. Moreover, viscosity values at the deflocculation point are closely related to BET.

Preparation of ultrafine tungsten carbide powder by CVD method from WCl6–C2H2–H2 mixtures

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2702-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Whan Won ◽  
Byong-Sun Chun ◽  
H.Y. Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbide Powder ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cvd Method ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Tungsten Carbide Powder

The synthesis of ultrafine tungsten carbide powder from WCl6–C2H2-H2 mixtures was investigated. Under most experimental conditions, a mixture of α–WC and β–W2C was produced. The specific surface area and morphology of the product prepared under various reaction conditions were determined. The product particle size increased with temperature up to 1373 K and then decreased, went through a minimum with increasing WCl6 partial pressure, and decreased with increasing H2 flow rate. The specific surface area of the product showed the opposite trend in all cases.

scholarly journals Iron-Based Water Treatment Residuals: Phase, Physicochemical Characterization, and Textural Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3938
Author(s):  
Magdalena Likus ◽  
Małgorzata Komorowska-Kaufman ◽  
Alina Pruss ◽  
Łukasz Zych ◽  
Tomasz Bajda
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Texture Characteristics

Groundwater treatment residuals (GWTRs) are safe waste materials generated during drinking water treatment. GWTRs are mainly deposited in landfills, but the preferred solution should be reused or utilized for some components. To ensure proper sludge management, it is important to provide quality, chemical composition, and texture characteristics of GWTRs. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate and compare the features of GWTRs collected from four water treatment plants. GWTRs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); thermogravimetric, differential thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis (TG, DTG, and DTA, respectively); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OEP); specific surface area (SBET) measurement; and determination of the isoelectric point (pHIEP). According to the results, GWTRs are poor crystalline materials that are predominantly composed of ferrihydrite with minor calcite and quartz admixture. They formed heterogeneously mixed particles with irregular shapes. They were mainly composed of iron oxides (32–55%), silica (4–28%), calcium oxide (4–17%), and manganese oxides (0.3–4.0%). They were found to be mesoporous with a large specific surface area. Due to their composition and texture characteristics, GWTRs demonstrate good adsorption properties toward different compounds such as heavy metals and metalloids.

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