scholarly journals Role of Allergen Immunotherapy in Asthma Treatment and Asthma Development

Allergies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Nakagome ◽  
Makoto Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Moderate Disease

Allergen immunotherapy may modify the natural course of allergic diseases and induce remission. It includes subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). For asthma, allergen immunotherapy using house dust mite (HDM) improves clinical symptoms and airway hyperresponsiveness and decreases drug requirements. Furthermore, it has been suggested that allergen immunotherapy also has the following effects: (1) the effect can be maintained for more than a year even if the treatment is terminated, (2) the remission rate of childhood asthma can be increased, (3) new allergen sensitization can be suppressed, and (4) asthma development can be prevented if allergen immunotherapy was performed in the case of pollinosis. Allergen immunotherapy differs from conventional drug therapy, in particular the effect of modifying the natural course of allergic diseases and the effect of controlling complicated allergic diseases such as rhinoconjunctivitis. The general indication for HDM-SCIT in asthma is HDM-sensitized atopic asthma with mild-to-moderate disease and normal respiratory function. HDM allergens should be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, and a duration of illness of less than 10 years is desirable. HDM-SLIT is available for allergic rhinitis but not for asthma in Japan. However, as the efficacy of SLIT for asthma has been fully proven internationally, SLIT is also applied in asthmatics with complicated allergic rhinitis in Japan.

scholarly journals Allergen Immunotherapy in Asthma

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1406
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Nakagome ◽  
Makoto Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Sublingual Immunotherapy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Medication Dose

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a specific treatment involving the administration of relevant allergens to allergic patients, with subtypes including subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). In asthma, AIT using the house dust mite (HDM) alleviates clinical symptoms and decreases airway hyper responsiveness and medication dose. In addition, AIT can improve the natural course of asthma. For example, the effects of AIT can be preserved for at least a few years, even after ending treatment. AIT may increase the remission rate of asthma in children and suppress sensitization to new allergens. If AIT is introduced in pollinosis, AIT may prevent the development of asthma. Moreover, AIT can control other allergic diseases complicated by asthma, such as allergic rhinitis, which also improves the control of asthma. The indication of HDM-SCIT for asthma is mild-to-moderate HDM-sensitized allergic asthma in a patient with normal respiratory function. To date, HDM-SLIT is applicable in Japan for allergic rhinitis, not for asthma. However, the effect of SLIT on asthma has been confirmed internationally, and SLIT is available for asthma in Japan if allergic rhinitis is present as a complication.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis: It’s Effect on the Immune System and Clinical Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1248-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Kouzegaran ◽  
Mohammad Ali Zamani ◽  
Reza Faridhosseini ◽  
Houshang Rafatpanah ◽  
Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Positive Skin Prick Test ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Prick Test

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common allergic diseases and characterised by sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and nasopharyngeal itching. Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for specific allergens is an effective treatment and induces the inhibitory effect of T regulatory lymphocytes and decreases clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis.AIM: In this study effect of subcutaneous immunotherapy with specific allergens on clinical symptoms and T regulatory and T Helper cells cytokines, in patients with allergic rhinitis are evaluated.METHODS: In this study, 30 patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis according to clinical criteria and positive skin prick test for aeroallergens were selected and treated by SCIT. Clinical symptoms and T cells cytokines IL4, IL17, IFN gamma, TGF beta, GITR, FOXP3 and IL-10 (by RT-PCR) were evaluated before and one year after initiation of treatment.RESULTS: Thirty (30) patients with allergic rhinitis at age range 15-45 years old were treated by SCIT, and 23 (14 female, 9 male) patients continued the study, and 7 patients did not continue treatment. After immunotherapy, clinical symptoms decreased significantly. The specific cytokines TGF beta and IL10 levels increased and changes were statistically significant. (Respectively P = 0.013 and P = 0.05) The IL17 level was also increased, but not statistically significant. (P = 0.8) IFN gamma, IL4, GITR, FOXP3, all decreased, but the changes were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for specific allergens decreases clinical symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis and induces tolerance in T lymphocytes, especially by increasing T regulatory cells cytokines, TGF beta and IL10.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Reveals Process of Allergic Rhinitis Patients with Single- and Double-Species Mite Subcutaneous Immunotherapy

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Peiyan Zheng ◽  
Guanyu Yan ◽  
Yida Zhang ◽  
Huimin Huang ◽  
Wenting Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
One Year

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment that can change the course of allergic diseases. However, there has not been any research on metabolic reactions in relation to AIT with single or mixed allergens. In this study, patients with allergic rhinitis caused by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) were treated with single-mite (Der p) and double-mite (Der p:Der f = 1:1) subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), respectively. To compare the efficacy and the dynamic changes of inflammation-related single- and double-species mite subcutaneous immunotherapy (SM-SCIT and DM-SCIT), we performed visual analogue scale (VAS) score, rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) score and serum metabolomics in allergic rhinitis patients during SCIT. VAS and RQLQ score showed no significant difference in efficacy between the two treatments. A total of 57 metabolites were identified, among which downstream metabolites (5(S)-HETE (Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid), 8(S)-HETE, 11(S)-HETE, 15(S)-HETE and 11-hydro TXB2) in the ω-6-related arachidonic acid and linoleic acid pathway showed significant differences after approximately one year of treatment in SM-SCIT or DM-SCIT, and the changes of the above serum metabolic components were correlated with the magnitude of RQLQ improvement, respectively. Notably, 11(S)-HETE decreased more with SM-SCIT, and thus it could be used as a potential biomarker to distinguish the two treatment schemes. Both SM-SCIT and DM-SCIT have therapeutic effects on patients with allergic rhinitis, but there is no significant difference in efficacy between them. The reduction of inflammation-related metabolites proved the therapeutic effect, and potential biomarkers (arachidonic acid and its downstream metabolites) may distinguish the options of SCIT.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Pattern Is Similar between Allergic Rhinitis and Atopic Dermatitis but Distinct from Atopic Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paulina Sobkowiak ◽  
Wojciech Langwiński ◽  
Joanna Nowakowska ◽  
Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak ◽  
Dawid Szczepankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Altered Expression

Background and Aim. Neurogenic inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Interactions between neurons with the immune cells and structural cells (airway epithelium, nasal mucosa, skin keratinocytes) undergo altered regulation during chronic inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the expression of neuroinflammatory genes may be altered allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, and that, compared to atopic asthma, the expression pattern may be disease-specific in pediatric patients. Methods. In the study, we included 86 children diagnosed with atopic asthma (n=25), allergic rhinitis (n=20), and atopic dermatitis (n=20) and healthy control subjects (n=21) of Caucasian origin from the Polish population. The blood leukocyte expression of 31 genes involved in neuroinflammatory response (neurotrophins, their receptors, neuropeptides, and histamine signaling pathway) was analysed using TaqMan low-density arrays. The relative expression of selected proteins from plasma was done using TaqMan Protein Assays. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica. Results. Blood expression of 31 genes related to neuroimmune interactions showed significant increase in both allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, in comparison to the control group. We found 12 genes significantly increased in allergic rhinitis and 9 genes in which the expression was elevated in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, 9 genes with changed expression in atopic dermatitis overlapped with those in allergic rhinitis. Atopic asthma showed 5 genes with altered expression. The peripheral expression of neuroinflammatory genes in the human study was verified in target tissues (nasal epithelium and skin) in a rat model of allergic inflammation. Conclusions. A common pattern of neuroinflammatory gene expression between allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis may reflect similar changes in sensory nerve function during chronic allergic inflammation.

scholarly journals Exposures in the Indoor Environment and Prevalence of Allergic Conditions in the United States of America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janvier Gasana ◽  
Boubakari Ibrahimou ◽  
Ahmed Albatineh ◽  
Mustafa Al-Zoughool ◽  
Dina Zein
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Can F 1

Our study examines the association of the presence of mildew, cockroaches, and pets in homes as well as household dust allergens with the prevalence and/or severity of allergic diseases. No study has concurrently assessed home environment exposures in relation to allergic conditions in the general US population. Data from 5,409 participants from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey living in their current homes for ≥1 year were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses between home exposures and allergic diseases prevalence and severity were performed. In adjusted analyses, mildew was associated with higher current asthma, allergies, and allergic rhinitis prevalence; endotoxin, with higher current asthma prevalence), and dust Canis familiaris (Can f) 1, with higher allergic rhinitis prevalence. However, presence of cockroaches and dust Dermatogoides farinae (Der f) 1 were associated respectively with lower current asthma and allergies prevalence. Presence of mildew, dust Der f1, Dermatogoides pteronyssinus (Der p) 1, Feline domesticus (Fel d) 1, and endotoxin were all associated with asthma and/or wheeze severity. Non-atopic asthma was more frequent with mildew and/or musty smell dust and higher dust Fel d1 concentration, while atopic asthma was more prevalent with higher Can f1and endotoxin concentrations in dust. This study confirms previous relationships and reports novel associations, generating hypotheses for future research.

ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY AND SAFETY OF APPLICATION AQUA MARIS® ECTOIN (ANS01) NASAL SPRAY IN THE THERAPY OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN PREGNANT WOMEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
M.A. Ryabova ◽  
◽  
L.V. Georgieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nasal Spray ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Open Label

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing: according to recent data, about 20% of the worlds' population suffers from allergic rhinitis. About 30% of the reproductive age women are known to suffer from allergic rhinitis, and in a third of cases, symptoms of allergic rhinitis increase during pregnancy. Allergic inflammation is the result of contact with a causative allergen and elimination of causative allergens is not always possible. The creation of a protective barrier preventing the adhesion of allergens on the surface of the nasal mucosa reduces the penetration of allergens and helps control allergic rhinitis. Aqua Maris® Nasal Spray Ectoin is a completely natural remedy that creates a physical barrier (“barrier”) for attaching allergens to the nasal mucosa and prevents the development of allergic rhinitis. Aqua Maris® Ectoin can be used for allergic rhinitis treatment in pregnant and nursing women. Non-comparative open-label trial investigating the efficacy and safety of the Aqua Maris® Nasal Spray Ectoin was carried out from September to June 2019 at the Center of early diagnosis of allergic diseases in women of childbearing age Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. The study included 45 pregnant women with allergic rhinitis. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by the severity of clinical symptoms and rhinoscopic data of patients in dynamics during treatment. As a result of the use of Aqua-Maris Ectoin in pregnant women, a significant reduction in complaints on the 10th day of therapy and a decrease in inflammatory phenomena in the nasal cavity were observed. In addition, a significantly significant decrease in secretory nasal IgE was noted. This indicates the effectiveness of the Aqua Maris® Nasal Spray Ectoin in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in pregnant women. Adverse events associated with the use of Ectoin Aqua Maris® Nasal Spray in pregnant women were not detected. Aqua Maris® Nasal Spray Ectoin can be used for effective and safe treatment of allergic rhinitis in pregnant women.

scholarly journals Allergen Immunotherapy in Pediatric Respiratory Allergy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Doroudchi ◽  
Kamran Imam ◽  
Maria Ines Garcia Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
House Dust Mites ◽  
Subcutaneous Immunotherapy ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Asthma In Children

Abstract Purpose of Review Atopic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis are highly prevalent in children. Common triggers include tree and grass pollens, house dust mites, molds, and animal dander. These diseases are most often treated symptomatically; however, many patients show partial or poor response and require long-term medication use. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) stands as the only treatment modality that can alter the underlying disease process and potentially offer a cure. In this review article, we discuss the merits of AIT with particular emphasis on its efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. We also discuss the challenges for AIT implementation and present an overview of current research that aims at improving its applicability for the treatment of allergic diseases. Recent Findings Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) are both safe and efficacious treatment options in children with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. Additionally, AIT has efficacy in preventing the development of asthma in children. Although there are clear advantages with AIT, there are challenges to overcome to optimize treatment. Solutions include improved diagnostics with pre-treatment biomarkers and molecular multiplex assays, biomarkers for prediction of response (e.g., basophil activation markers), improved allergen immunogenicity with the use of recombinant AIT, adjuvants, and allergoids, and lastly improved safety with the concurrent use of omalizumab. Summary AIT has shown safety and efficacy in major clinical trials for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in children. AIT provides a curative treatment option for atopic disorders and should be considered in children with allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. There are many continued advances being made in the field of allergy to further improve the safety and efficacy profile and shorten the duration of AIT treatment.

scholarly journals Long-Term Clinical Effect Of Grass-Allergen Immunotherapy In Local Allergic Rhinitis, And Its Capacity to Modify The Natural Course Of The Disease.

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. AB305
Author(s):  
Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia ◽  
Carmen Rondon ◽  
Gador Bogas ◽  
Paloma Campo ◽  
Francisca Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Local Allergic Rhinitis

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON THE PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC DISEASES AMONG THE EMPLOYEES OF INDUSTRIAL SITES LOCATED AT FORMER URANIUM ORES MINES

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
N I Ilina ◽  
L V Luss ◽  
A I Martynov ◽  
S V Tsarev ◽  
V I Astafurov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanism ◽  
Total Ige ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Ige Synthesis

The article presents the study of prevalence of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. The aim of the research was to study the spectrum of etiologically significant allergens, prevalence and clinical features of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. Materials and Methods. Analysis of data of screening questioning, clinical laboratory, functional and allergological methods of examination was performed. Results. The high prevalence of allergic diseases among employees of hydrometallurgical plant (OJSC GMP) and electromechanical plant (LLC EMP): 27,1 and 24,7%, respectively was found. Two employees of OJSC GMP and one of LLC EMPin 2014 had latent sensitization to pollen, but in 2015 demonstrated severe clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR). Conclusion. Respiratory forms of Ig-Emediated allergy - AR, bronchial asthma (BA) prevailed in the structure of allergic diseases among the employees of industrial sites located at former uranium ores mines in Lermontov region. 19,6% of OJSC GMP and 16,4% of LLC EMP employees showed an increased level of total IgE in the blood serum. No correlation between the increased total IgE and the presence of allergic deseases was established. These results can be explained by the weakening of the T-suppressor inhibitory mechanism that promotes IgE synthesis in response to antigenic stimulation (allergens, chemical factors, etc.).

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
S.O. Zubchenko
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergen Immunotherapy ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Medication Score ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Skin Prick Tests

Allergen immunotherapy is one of the effective treatments for many allergic diseases. The principle of allergen immunotherapy is to achieve tolerance to causative allergens. The effectiveness of allergen immunotherapy depends on the correct diagnostic approach, the quality of the vaccine and patient compliance. This article presents the analysis of the effectiveness of the allergen immunotherapy using sublingual and subcutaneous methods of administration in patients with allergic rhinitis. The study group consisted of 236 patients with allergic rhinitis, 126 (53.4%) female and 110 (46.6%) male individuals aged 32.6 ± 2.4 years. Clinical and laboratory data collection, instrumental, cytological, specific allergological studies (total IgG4, skin prick-tests, molecular studies ALEX) were carried out. The efficacy of the аllergen immunotherapy was assessed by a combined symptom medication score. According to the results of skin prick-tests, it was determined that 163 (69.0%) people had polysensitization, 61 (25.8%) individuals had monosensitization, and 12 (5.2%) had negative skin prick-tests. ALEX component studies were performed for 52 people. The most common major components found were Phl p 1, 69.2%, Lol p 1, 57.7%, Der f 2, 48.1%, Der p 2, 42.3%, Bet v 1, 34.6 %. Minor components Phl p 7, Phl p 12 were detected in 9 (17.3%) patients. According to molecular studies, the prognostic efficiency of the аllergen immunotherapy was defined as high in 41 people and as average in 9 people; 86 patients with allergic rhinitis took the allergen immunotherapy: 37 people by sublingual route, and 49 people by subcutaneous methods. There was a significant decrease in the overall assessment of symptoms, medication needs, and a comprehensive assessment that did not depend on the method of administration of the allergy vaccine. Comparative analysis of total IgG4 levels before and in the third year of the allergen immunotherapy showed only a tendency to increase (p = 0.492). The component-resolved diagnosis plays an important role in choosing a treatment strategy for patients with allergy and predicting the efficacy of the allergen immunotherapy. Allergen immunotherapy, regardless of the methods of its introduction, shows high clinical efficacy in patients with allergic rhinitis that was confirmed by the criteria of combined evaluation. Assessment of total IgG4 levels has not had a reliable diagnostic value as a biomarker of the immunological response to the allergen immunotherapy.

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