scholarly journals Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolated from Companion Animals in Korea

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Se Ra Shin ◽  
Seong Mi Noh ◽  
Woo Kyung Jung ◽  
Sook Shin ◽  
Young Kyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
E Coli ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Single Clone

The emergence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is of great concern in both human and veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate ESC-resistant bacterial isolates from companion animals in South Korea between 2017 and 2019. Isolates with ESC resistance genes, which were identified by PCR, were assessed for genetic relatedness by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). In total, 91 ESC-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp., and Enterobacter cloacae isolates harbored the blaTEM gene. Among other ESC resistance genes, blaCTX-M-15, blaCIT, and blaCTX-M-55 were predominantly detected in E. coli isolates, whereas blaSHV and blaDHA were more frequently detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. In addition, all blaEBC-positive isolates were classified as E. cloacae. From the MLST results, blaCTX-M-9-carrying ST131, blaCIT-carrying ST405, and blaCTX-M-1-carrying ST3285 strains were dominant among E. coli isolates. ST273 and ST275 strains harboring blaSHV were frequently detected in K. pneumoniae isolates. Various sequence types were obtained in E. cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca isolates. All isolates demonstrated unique PFGE profiles (<57–98% similarity) and were unlikely to be derived from a single clone. The present study reveals the presence and wide genetic distribution of ESC-resistant bacterial species in South Korean companion animals.

scholarly journals Characterization of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamases Produced by Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Dogs in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rzewuska ◽  
Ilona Stefańska ◽  
Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda ◽  
Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel ◽  
Paulina Szczygielska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
First Report ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Escherichia coli is a common cause of infections in companion animals. In recent years the increasing prevalence of resistance to β-lactams, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins, antimicrobials frequently used in small animal veterinary practice, was observed in canine isolates of E. coli. The aim of this study was to detect and to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by E. coli isolated from diseased dogs in Poland. Four isolates out of 119 studied (3.4%) were ESBL-positive. They harbored the blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, and blaTEM-116 genes. This study provides the first report of the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in dogs in Poland.

scholarly journals Characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Kuwait and UK strains identified by the Vitek system, and subsequent comparison of the Vitek system with other commercial ESBL-testing systems using these strains

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Dashti ◽  
P. West ◽  
R. Paton ◽  
S. G. B. Amyes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Test Card ◽  
Subsequent Comparison

Two hundred and fifty-one unique patient isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (123), Escherichia coli (114), Klebsiella oxytoca (7), Enterobacter cloacae (5) and Citrobacter freundii (2), flagged as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive by the Vitek system (GNS-526 card), were collected. These strains were isolated from a variety of clinical specimens submitted to the clinical bacteriology laboratories of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE), Edinburgh, UK (and associated GP practices), Hairmyers Hospital, Glasgow, UK, and the Amiri and Farwania Hospitals, Kuwait. Of the 101 RIE strains tested, 15 E. coli strains were found to be ESBL negative by Etest ESBL strips. On retesting the 15 E. coli strains with the Vitek GNS-532 card, 14 were found to be ESBL negative, despite being originally flagged as ESBL positive. The remaining 236 ESBL-producing strains were also subjected to the double disc-diffusion (DDD) technique for the detection of ESBLs. Of these, two were false negatives by Etest ESBL test strips (using both cefotaxime and ceftazidime strips), and 38 were false negatives by the DDD method. The Etest false-negative ESBL-producing strains of K. pneumoniae were positive by DDD. Technically, the Vitek method was the least demanding method to perform, as it was an integral part of the routine susceptibility test card. Etest strips were reliable, but were the most expensive of all the techniques used. The DDD test, while relatively inexpensive, was technically subjective, and in our hands, seven of the ESBL-positive strains that were confirmed by the other two techniques were not detected. Despite the false-positive ESBL-producing E. coli strains, the Vitek susceptibility card with its integral ESBL test offers the clinical laboratory a valuable and quick option to screen for ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. and E. coli as part of the routine laboratory methodology.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of paediatric gastrointestinal colonisation by extended spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in north-west Cambodia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ van Aartsen ◽  
CE Moore ◽  
CM Parry ◽  
P Turner ◽  
N Phot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

ABSTRACTExtended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC-R) in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a healthcare threat; high gastrointestinal carriage rates are reported from South-east Asia. Colonisation prevalence data in Cambodia are lacking. We determined gastrointestinal colonisation prevalence of ESC-resistant E. coli (ESC-R-EC) and K. pneumoniae (ESC-R-KP) in Cambodian children/adolescents and associated risk factors; characterised relevant resistance genes, their genetic contexts, and the genetic relatedness of ESC-R strains using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Faeces and questionnaire data were obtained from individuals <16 years in northwestern Cambodia, 2012. WGS of cultured ESC-R-EC/KP was performed (Illumina). Maximum likelihood phylogenies were used to characterise relatedness of isolates; ESC-R-associated resistance genes and their genetic contexts were identified from de novo assemblies using BLASTn and automated/manual annotation. 82/148 (55%) of children/adolescents were ESC-R-EC/KP colonised; 12/148 (8%) were co-colonised with both species. Independent risk factors for colonisation were hospitalisation (OR: 3.12, 95%, CI [1.52-6.38]) and intestinal parasites (OR: 3.11 [1.29-7.51]); school attendance conferred decreased risk (OR: 0.44 [0.21-0.92]. ESC-R strains were diverse; the commonest ESC-R mechanisms were blaCTX-M 1 and 9 sub-family variants. Structures flanking these genes were highly variable, and for blaCTX-M-15,-55and-27, frequently involved IS26. Chromosomal blaCTX-M integration was common in E. coli. Gastrointestinal ESC-R-EC/KP colonisation is widespread in Cambodian children/adolescents; hospital admission and intestinal parasites are independent risk factors. The genetic contexts of blaCTX-M are highly mosaic, consistent with rapid horizontal exchange. Chromosomal integration of blaCTX-M may result in stable propagation in these community-associated pathogens.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of mcr-1-positive multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST93, ST117, ST156, ST10, and ST744 isolated from poultry in Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ćwiek ◽  
Anna Woźniak-Biel ◽  
Magdalena Karwańska ◽  
Magdalena Siedlecka ◽  
Christine Lammens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Abstract Background A plasmid-mediated mechanism of bacterial resistance to polymyxin is a serious threat to public health worldwide. The present study aimed to determine the occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes and to conduct the molecular characterization of mcr-positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from Polish poultry. Methods In this study, 318 E. coli strains were characterized by the prevalence of mcr1–mcr5 genes, antimicrobial susceptibility testing by minimal inhibitory concentration method, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes was screened by PCR, and the biofilm formation ability was tested using the crystal violet staining method. Genetic relatedness of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains was evaluated by multilocus sequence typing method. Results Among the 318 E. coli isolates, 17 (5.35%) harbored the mcr-1 gene. High antimicrobial resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (88.24%), and chloramphenicol (82.35%). All mcr-1-positive E. coli strains were multidrug-resistant, and as many as 88.24% of the isolates contained the blaTEM gene, tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1, sul2, and sul3) resistance genes. Additionally, 41.18% of multidrug-resistant, mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were moderate biofilm producers, while the rest of the strains showed weak biofilm production. Nine different sequence types were identified, and the dominant ST was ST93 (29.41%), followed by ST117 (17.65%), ST156 (11.76%), ST 8979 (11.76%), ST744 (5.88%), and ST10 (5.88%). Moreover, the new ST was identified in this study. Conclusions Our results showed a low occurrence of mcr-1-positive E. coli strains isolated from Polish poultry; however, all the isolated strains were resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents and were able to form biofilms at low or medium level.

scholarly journals Construction and Characterization of a proU-gfp Transcriptional Fusion That Measures Water Availability in a Microbial Habitat

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 4604-4612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Axtell ◽  
Gwyn A. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Transcriptional Fusion ◽  
Bacterial Biosensor ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Microbial Habitat

ABSTRACT We constructed and characterized a transcriptional fusion that measures the availability of water to a bacterial cell. This fusion between the proU promoter from Escherichia coli and the reporter gene gfp was introduced into strains of E. coli, Pantoea agglomerans, and Pseudomonas syringae. The proU-gfp fusion in these bacterial biosensor strains responded in a quantitative manner to water deprivation caused by the presence of NaCl, Na2SO4, KCl, or polyethylene glycol (molecular weight, 8000). The fusion was induced to a detectable level by NaCl concentrations of as low as 10 mM in all three bacterial species. Water deprivation induced proU-gfp expression in both planktonic and surface-associated cells; however, it induced a higher level of expression in the surface-associated cells. Following the introduction of P. agglomerans biosensor cells onto bean leaves, the cells detected a significant decrease in water availability within only 5 min. After 30 min, the populations were exposed, on average, to a water potential equivalent to that imposed by approximately 55 mM NaCl. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of a proU-gfp-based biosensor for evaluating water availability on leaves. Furthermore, the inducibility of proU-gfp in multiple bacterial species illustrates the potential for tailoring proU-gfp-based biosensors to specific habitats.

scholarly journals Contaminated Handwashing Sinks as the Source of a Clonal Outbreak of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca on a Hematology Ward

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 714-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Leitner ◽  
Gernot Zarfel ◽  
Josefa Luxner ◽  
Kathrin Herzog ◽  
Shiva Pekard-Amenitsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

ABSTRACTWe investigated sinks as possible sources of a prolongedKlebsiella pneumoniacarbapenemase (KPC)-producingKlebsiella oxytocaoutbreak. Seven carbapenem-resistantK. oxytocaisolates were identified in sink drains in 4 patient rooms and in the medication room. Investigations for resistance genes and genetic relatedness of patient and environmental isolates revealed that all the isolates harbored theblaKPC-2andblaTEM-1genes and were genetically indistinguishable. We describe here a clonal outbreak caused by KPC-2-producingK. oxytoca, and handwashing sinks were a possible reservoir.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of mcr1 and mcr2 plasmid mediated colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Ilbeigi ◽  
Mahdi Askari Badouei ◽  
Hossein Vaezi ◽  
Hassan Zaheri ◽  
Sina Aghasharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract Objectives The emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from human and animal sources is one of the major public health concerns as colistin is the last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the prototype widespread colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) among commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing and companion animals in Iran. Results A total of 607 E. coli isolates which were previously collected from different animal sources between 2008 and 2016 used to uncover the possible presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) by PCR. Overall, our results could not confirm the presence of any mcr-1 or mcr-2 positive E. coli among the studied isolates. It is concluded that despite the important role of food-producing animals in transferring the antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source for carriage of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in Iran until 2016. This study suggests that the other mcr variants (mcr-3 to mcr-9) might be responsible for conferring colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible linkage between pig farming industry and high level of mcr carriage in some countries needs to be clarified in future prospective studies.

scholarly journals 1667. Change in characteristics of community-onset ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates causing community-acquired acute pyelonephritis in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S820-S820
Author(s):  
Bongyoung Kim ◽  
Ki Tae Kwon ◽  
Seong-yeol Ryu ◽  
Seong-Heon Wie ◽  
Hyun-uk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Community Onset

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the change in characteristics of community-onset ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIP-R) E. coli isolates causing community-acquired acute pyelonephritis (CA-APN) in South Korea between 2010-2011 and 2017-2018. Methods E. coli samples isolated from the blood or urine were collected from patients with CA-APN aged 19 years and more who were admitted to 8 Korean hospitals from September 2017 to August 2018, prospectively. One isolate was collected from each patient. Phylogenetic typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and molecular characterization of β-lactamase resistance and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants were performed. The data were compared with those from the previous study with same design in 2010-2011. Results A total of 346 and 300 isolates were collected during 2017-2018 and 2010-2011, respectively. Among them, 76 (22.0%) and 77 (25.7%) were CIP-R isolates. Significantly higher antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin (75.7% vs. 100%, P &lt; 0.001) and cefotaxime (23.9% vs. 77.9%, P &lt; 0.001) were observed for isolates in 2017-2018 compared to those in 2010-2011. The proportion of phylogenic group B2 had increased significantly (44.7% vs. 79.2%, P &lt; 0.001). As for MLST, the proportion of ST131 (27.6% vs. 66.2%, P &lt; 0.001) had increased while that of ST393 (18.4% vs. 3.9%, P =0.004) had decreased significantly. Higher proportion of CIP-R E. coli isolates in 2017-2018 had extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (PABL) (23.7% vs. 79.2%, P &lt; 0.001) and PMQR determinant (11.8% vs. 40.8%, P &lt; 0.001) compared to those in 2010-2011. Phlogenetic tree Analyzed by SplitsTree Conclusion Among uropathogenic CIP-R E. coli isolates in South Korea, ST131 predominance had become more prominent and the proportion of containing ESBL/PABL and/or PMQR determinants had increased. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Retail Foods in Shaanxi Province, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEILI XI ◽  
QIAN WU ◽  
XIN WANG ◽  
BAOWEI YANG ◽  
XIAODONG XIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing Escherichia coli strains have been reported worldwide; however, the incidence and characterization of foodborne ESBL-producing E. coli strains have been rarely reported in the People's Republic of China. Among a collection of 659 E. coli isolates recovered from retail foods in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 223 cefoxitin-resistant and/or cefoperazone-resistant isolates were screened for ESBL production with the double disk diffusion test. The ESBL-producing isolates were characterized for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Isolates with blaCTX-M were further classified by PCR as having blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-9, or blaCTX-M-25. One hundred forty-seven isolates were identified as ESBL positive. PCR detection revealed that 146 isolates (99.3%) contained the blaCTX-M gene. Among these isolates, 42 (28.8%) were positive for the enzyme CTX-M-1, 5 (3.4%) for CTX-M-2, and 99 (67.8%) for CTX-M-9. No CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-25 were found in this study. One hundred fifteen isolates (78.2%) were positive for the blaTEM gene, but blaSHV was not detected. Among the 147 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 75 (51.0%), 35 (23.8%), and 4 (2.7%) isolates were positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M-9, blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1, and blaTEM and blaCTX-M-2, respectively. All of the 147 ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to three or more non–β-lactam antibiotics. This study provides evidence that foodborne E. coli can harbor ESBL-encoding genes. Thus, food could be a vehicle for the dissemination of ESBL-producing E. coli strains, a situation that requires surveillance and appropriate management strategies.

scholarly journals First Report of a Foodborne Salmonella enterica Serovar Gloucester (4:i:l,w) ST34 Strain Harboring blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS Genes Located in IS26-Mediated Composite Transposon

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Li ◽  
Rikke Heidemann Olsen ◽  
Anhua Song ◽  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Phenotypic And Genotypic Characterization

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production and (fluoro)quinolone (FQ) resistance among Salmonella pose a public health threat. The objective of this study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of an ESBL-producing and nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Gloucester isolate (serotype 4:i:l,w) of sequence type 34 (ST34) from ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products in China. Whole-genome short and long read sequencing (HiSeq and MinION) results showed that it contained blaCTX–M–55, qnrS1, and tetB genes, with blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 located in chromosomal IS26-mediated composite transposon (IS26–qnrS1–IS3–Tn3–orf–blaCTX–M–55–ISEcp1–IS26). The same genetic structure was found in the chromosome of S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain and in several plasmids of Escherichia coli, indicating that the IS26-mediated composite transposon in the chromosome of S. Gloucester may originate from plasmids of E. coli and possess the ability to disseminate to Salmonella and other bacterial species. Besides, the structural unit qnrS1–IS3–Tn3–orf–blaCTX–M–55 was also observed to be linked with ISKpn19 in both the chromosomes and plasmids of various bacteria species, highlighting the contribution of the insertion sequences (IS26 and ISKpn19) to the co-dissemination of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1. To our knowledge, this is the first description of chromosomal blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS in S. Gloucester from RTE meat products. Our work expands the host range and provides additional evidence of the co-transfer of blaCTX–M–55 and qnrS1 among different species of Salmonella through the food chain.

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