scholarly journals Chlorophytum comosum: A Bio-Indicator for Assessing the Accumulation of Heavy Metals Present in The Aerosol Particulate Matter (PM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4348
Author(s):  
Paola Fermo ◽  
Simona Masiero ◽  
Mario Rosa ◽  
Giovanna Labella ◽  
Valeria Comite
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Chlorophytum Comosum ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
The City

The present research focuses on the use of Chlorophytum comosum as a bio-indicator able to accumulate, through its leaves, heavy metals present in the aerosol particulate matter (PM) in the city of Milan (Italy). For this purpose, some specimens were exposed in selected sites at the Milan University Campus for increasing periods (7, 30, 60, 128 and 165 days). The collected leaves were then analyzed to quantify Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES). The leaves’ surfaces were also examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Chlorophytum comosum has proved to be a good system for studying the accumulation of heavy metals. The metals present with the higher concentration were Zn and Mn followed by Cd and Cr while Co, Ni and Pb were present in lower concentration. Although the sites investigated are not very far from each other, differences in the concentration of the heavy metals analyzed were found. Furthermore, in the monitoring period considered (July 2018–December 2018) the plant was a good proxy for tracking the concentration of zinc in Milan’s PM.

scholarly journals Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6109
Author(s):  
Elisabet Navarro-Tapia ◽  
Mariona Serra-Delgado ◽  
Lucía Fernández-López ◽  
Montserrat Meseguer-Gilabert ◽  
María Falcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
The Eu

Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of populations from these continents. Although the European legislation prohibits the use of heavy metals in cosmetics due to the harmful effects to human health, particularly to pregnant women and children, these elements are still present in certain products. The European Union recommended levels are Pb < 20 ppm, As < 5 ppm, Cd < 5 ppm, Sb < 100 ppm, and Ni < 200 ppm. In Germany, levels are more restrictive: Pb < 2 ppm, As < 0.5 ppm, Cd < 0.1 ppm, Sb < 0.5 ppm, and Ni < 10 ppm. Here, we analyzed 12 kohl-based cosmetics in different presentations (powder, paste, and pencil) that were purchased in Spanish and German local shops. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer was used to identify toxic elements and heavy metals. Levels of Pb ranged between 1.7 and 410,000 ppm in six of the study samples, four of which had levels above the recommended limit of at least two heavy metals. Arsenic (a carcinogenic element) values were within the range allowed by the EU in only 58% of the studied samples. Moreover, two products doubled this limit, reaching levels of 9.2 and 12.6 ppm. In one of the products, cadmium, related to toxic keratitis, was four times higher (20.7 ppm) than that allowed, while in two other products, these limits were doubled (11.8 and 12.7 ppm). Our results indicate the need to supervise the manufacture of kohl-based traditional products and the analysis of their composition prior distribution in European countries.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS DUE TO THE PRODUCTION AND USE OF DIESEL THROUGH THE AIR QUALITY MONITORING OF IMPACTED AREAS

2009 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Josiane LOYOLA ◽  
Simone Lorena QUITERIO ◽  
Viviane ESCALEIRA ◽  
Graciela ARBILLA
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Total Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles

The petroleum industry has difficulties to assess the trace metal content in liquid fuels. In this work, it is proposed to solve this problem determining these metals by collecting particulate matter atmospheric samples and analysing their metal content. Samples of total particulate matter and of inhalable particles (PM10) were collected in a bus station in the period August 2006-February 2007. The only significant emission source in that location are the buses, fueled by diesel, since light duty vehicles account for about 1-2% of the total vehicular flux and no other activities are developed in the area. Metal levels were determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Ca, Mg, Fe and Al were the most abundant compounds, and account for about 50.1%, 24.2%, 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively, of the metal contain. Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb were under their detection limits, except for a few samples. Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu were determined in higher ratios that those currently find in crustal materials indicating that these elements may have important combustion sources and are enriched in the soil.

scholarly journals Geostatistical Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of Perak River, Malaysia

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdus Salam ◽  
Shujit Chandra Paul ◽  
Farrah Izzaty Shaari ◽  
Aweng Eh Rak ◽  
Rozita Binti Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Geostatistical Prediction ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heavy metal pollution is one of the major environmental issues in recent decades owing to the rapid increase in urbanisation and industrialisation. Sediments usually act as sinks for heavy metals due to their complex physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms. In this study, heavy metals like lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) in the surface sediment from 15 location (upstream and downstream) on the Perak River, Malaysia were investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The geostatistical prediction map showed the range of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Fe concentration in upstream area was 14.56–27.0 µg/g, 20–51.27 µg/g, 1.51–3.0 µg/g, 6.6–19.12 µg/g and 20.24–56.58%, respectively, and in downstream areas was 27.6–60.76 µg/g, 49.04–160.5 µg/g, 2.77–4.02 µg/g, 9.82–59.99 µg/g and 31.34–39.5%, respectively. Based on the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index, Cd was found to be the most dominant pollutant in the study area. Pollution load index, sediment quality guidelines and sediment environmental toxicity quotient data showed that the downstream sediment was more polluted than the upstream sediment in the Perak River. The multivariate analysis showed that Pb, Zn and Cu mainly originated from natural sources with minor contribution from human activities, whereas Fe and Cd originated from various industrial and agricultural activities along the studied area.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degrading Consortium in Resisting Heavy Metals During PAHs Degradation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubairu Darma Umar ◽  
Nor Azwady Abd ◽  
Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprised of many dangerous organic pollutants which affect human cell. The choice of phenanthrene and pyrene as model substrates was based on their classification among the most hazardous PAHs group by the US EPA where they belonged to low and high molecular weights PAHs respectively. Biodegradation of these PAHs is the best strategy that completely removes such pollutants in an environmentally friendly manner. However, the bacteria involved are challenged degradation difficulties as a result of PAHs inhibitory effects to the organisms. This research is aimed at formulating phenanthrene and pyrene degrading consortium that effectively perform best even in complex mixture with hazardous heavy metals. Different bacteria consortia were formulated using the compatibility testing and mathematical permutation approach and the best consortium selected. This selected consortium was then subjected to the degradation of both phenanthrene and pyrene separately in a combined mixture with the selected heavy metals from the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES) analysis. Consortium composition of C. sakazakii MM045 (2%, v/v) and Enterobacter sp. MM087 (2%, v/v) were found to be much effective during phenanthrene (500 mg/L) and pyrene (250 mg/L) degradation. This consortium also resisted more than 6 mg/L each of Nickel (Ni), Cadmium (Cd), Vanadium (V) and Lead (Pb) in such complex degradation which was found to be more than the concentration in the natural habitat the consortium exists prior to isolation. Such performance makes the selected consortium to be an extremely efficient tool for the PAHs degradation application as many biodegradation agents were reported to be less effective when significant concentration of Ni, Cd, V and Pb are present.

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