Phytoremediation of Formaldehyde in Indoor Environment With Common House Plants and Pseudomonas Chlororaphis

Low light survivor house plants were assessed for their formaldehyde removal capacity from indoor environment. Low ventilation leading to poor air circulation in indoor environment has become a matter of grave concern as it leads to health issues. Phytoremediation technology is being studied in such situations. The capacity of plants in absorbing indoor pollutants can be enhanced through use of bacteria helping phytoremediation process. The gaseous formaldehyde of about 5 ppm was released into the static chamber of volume 1 m3 . Selected test plants were Aglaonema commutatum, Chlorophytum comosum, Sansevieria trifasciata and Epipremnum aureum. Medium in which plants were growing was inoculated with Pseudomonas chlororaphis, which helps the process of phytoremediation. Activated charcoal was also added in the medium, to increase the absorptive surface. The exposure given was for 24 hours. Experiment was replicated for three times. Air quality in the chamber was monitored on advanced Formaldehyde meter, at the start of the experiment and after 24 hours. Leaves of the plants were analysed by DNPH on LCMS method for quantification of Formaldehyde. Quantification of Formaldehyde from leaves ranged between 0.03–4.7 ppm. Formaldehyde meter showed reduction in formaldehyde quantity ranges from 1.999 to 0 ppm in 24 hours. This clearly indicates that selected plants have enhanced limited capacity of formaldehyde absorption in synergy with Pseudomonas chlororaphis.

Comparative Analysis of the Complete Mitochondrion of Chlorophytum Comosum with 9 Other Species

Chlorophytum comosum belongs to genus Chlorophytum of family Asparagaceae that has more than 215 species. it is among 120 plant species assayed for phytoremediation of pollutants from indoor air. It has the ability to remove formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxide, ozone, benzene, toluene, cigarette smoke and ammonia. It also is an important Chinese tradition medicine material. Aim to get more information about its mitochondrial genome, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of C. comosum. The length of mitochondrial genome was 950316 bp with 36 protein coding genes, 5 rRNAs and 21 tRNAs. Although it has the biggest mitochondrial genome, the total PCGs content were the second least. C. comosum had the most repeats sequence and it may effect the size of mitochondrial genome, but base the result we found that the quantity of repeats sequence could not have the positive correlation with the mitochondrial size. Compared with other 9 species , we found in the mitochondrial genome of C. comosum, there were at least one PCGs suffered from the positive selection after divergence. Finally, the result of phylogenetic showed that C. comosum did not have colesd relationship with other species.

Standardization of Growing Media for Ornamental Plant Species Grown in A Vertical Garden System in Assam

An experiment was carried out with an aim to standardize the growing media for five ornamental plant species in a vertical garden system in the Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications, comprising of five ornamental plant species grown in five different media compositions. The experiment was conducted to study the influence of soil, vermicompost, cocopeat and sand on the plant species in the vertical garden system. The five different media compositions under study were M1: soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + sand (3 : 0.25 : 1 : 1.5), M2: soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + sand (2.5 : 0.5 : 1.5 : 1.25), M3: soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + sand (2 : 0.75 : 2 : 1), M4: soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + sand (1.5 : 1 : 2.5 : 0.75) and M5: Soil. The ornamental species selected were: S1 : Philodendron Ceylon (Philodendron erubescens ‘Gold’ K. Koch), S2: Spider Plant (Chlorophytum comosum Variegatum (Thunb.)), S3: Fern (Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott), S4: Moses-in-the-cradle (Rhoeo discolor Sw. (syn. Tradescantia spathacea)) and S5: Baby Doll Cordyline (Cordyline compacta Purple (L.)). Among the five growing media compositions used, medium M3: soil + cocopeat + vermicompost + sand (2 : 0.75 : 2 : 1) performed better in terms of all the growth parameters recorded in the five plants species in the vertical garden system.

Hubungan Umur, Intensitas Merokok, Status Gizi, Lili Paris (Chlorophytum Comosum) Terhadap Kadar CO Asap Rokok Dan COHb Dalam Darah

Polluted air especially indoors can cause serious problems compared to outdoors. One of the most common pollutants found indoors is carbon monoxide (CO). CO that binds to blood will form carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) bonds, the main source of CO in a closed room comes from cigarette smoke. CO levels that will enter the body are greater in smokers than non-smokers, paris lilies can reduce CO levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, smoking intensity, nutritional status, CO in indoor cigarette smoke and COHb. This research method is quantitative, room CO is measured at 3 sampling points 2 times and blood collection is carried out 2 times as much as 0.05 ml. Respondents in this study were 7 men aged 33-50 years. Yield of CO 4 ppm. COHb has a decreasing value of 0.717%. The value of simple linear regression analysis of the relationship between smoking intensity and COHb with the addition of 5 paris lilies R2 = 0.6379 means that it has a moderate relationship.Keywords: COHb, age, smoking intensity, nutritional status, indoor cigarette smoke CO

LEAF COLOR SEGMENTATION AND POT VOLUME INFLUENCE ON THE CO2 ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY IN TWO COMMON GREEN-WALL PLANTS

ABSTRACT Green walls can improve indoor air-quality by reducing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants. Our study focused on the spider plant, Chlorophytum comosum, and devil’s ivy, Epipremnum aureum, both common green-wall plants that have been found to be efficient CO2 absorbers. Both species have multiple variants with varying degrees of leaf green-white segmentation. Since photosynthesis depends on the concentration of leaf chlorophylls, we hypothesized that green variants are more efficient carbon absorbers than green-white variants. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the photosynthetic rate of plants is affected by pot volume, as suggested by previous studies. We used a portable gas exchange system to determine the rate of photosynthesis of the study plants. No evidence was found for better photosynthetic performance in the green vs. green-white variants of each species. In fact, our results suggest the opposite. It was observed that a spider plants assimilated carbon more efficiently when grown in a larger pot volume. In conclusion, our study shows that in terms of carbon assimilation, green-white variants of spider plants are the better choice for indoor green walls. Their efficiency can be improved dramatically by increasing pot volume.

SVM Prediction Model Interface for Plant Contaminates

In today's time, our nature is fighting against many life-threatening problems which can even threaten the existence of life on the Earth. Pollution is one of the deadliest problems among them. It is caused primarily by means of air, water and land but air pollution is the most severe and dreadful among them. It is caused by introduction of toxic substances like oxides of Sulphur, nitrogen and carbon into the atmosphere making it unfit for living beings. Along with humans, plants have also become a victim to it, and this fact is mostly ignored. A model has been designed to predict the effect of pollution on plants. Image samples of 5 Indian oxygen rich plants namely Ocimum Tenuiflorum, Sansevieria Trifasciata, Chlorophytum Comosum, and Azadirachta Indica have been taken for analysis and various properties like shape, color, corners and texture of the plants were considered from these input RGB images. As a consequence of these properties and the pollution index value, certain calculations have been performed and the results are compared with the threshold values. Based on the range in which the calculated results lie, the plants will be categorized into a category which depicts the severity level of pollution in the environment. After applying the model on the images, a dataset was prepared and SVM classification model has been trained on it which predict with an accuracy of 85%. It has been presented in the form of an interactive user interface to predict the effect of pollution on plants. Plants are an integral part of nature and should not be ignored.

Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds by Means of a Felt-Based Living Wall Using Different Plant Species

Poor indoor quality affects people’s health and well-being. Phytoremediation is one way in which this problem can be tackled, with living walls being a viable option for places with limited space. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of five plant species in a living wall to remove Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and to identify whether the type of pollutant has any influence. An enclosed chamber was used to add the contaminants n-hexane and formaldehyde independently. Total VOCs were measured for three days in two scenarios: (1) empty chamber, and (2) chamber with living wall. Five living walls were prepared, each with three plants of the same species: Spathiphyllum wallisii, Philodendron hederaceum, Ficus pumila, Tradescantia pallida, and Chlorophytum comosum. There was no correlation between leaf area/fresh weight/dry weight and the contaminant reduction. In general, all five species were more efficient in reducing TVOCs when exposed to formaldehyde than to n-hexane. Chlorophytum comosum was the most efficient species in reducing the concentration of TVOCs for both contaminants, Spathiphyllum wallisii being the least efficient by far.

Analisis Evapotranspirasi Menggunakan Metode Penman-Monteith pada Vertical Garden

The development of environmentally friendly infrastructure is very important to reduce the environmental damage that has occurred. Environmentally friendly infrastructure can be supported by vertical garden. Plants in vertical garden undergo evaporation process called evapotranspiration process. The evapotranspiration process can be used to find out the needs of water in plants. The method used to obtain the evapotranspiration value is the Penman-Monteith method. The plants used are Plectranthus scutellarioides, Begonia, Coleus, Euodia ridleyi dwarf, Euodia ridleyi, and Chlorophytum comosum. The reference evapotranspiration value in The Hydraulic Laboratory of Sriwijaya University is 4.9826 mm/day and the smallest is 2.1262 mm/day. The reference evapotranspiration value is influenced by temperature, wind speed, and humidity conditions. Based on these three influences, temperature has a greater influence on the reference evapotranspiration. The largest evapotranspiration value of the six types of plants used is the Plectranthus scutellarioides, which is 3.3347 mm/day, the evapotranspiration value of the smallest plant is Euodia ridleyi dwarf, which is 2.6616 mm/day. The location and arrangement of plants and environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed affect the amount of evapotranspiration value.

Chlorophytum comosum: A Bio-Indicator for Assessing the Accumulation of Heavy Metals Present in The Aerosol Particulate Matter (PM)

The present research focuses on the use of Chlorophytum comosum as a bio-indicator able to accumulate, through its leaves, heavy metals present in the aerosol particulate matter (PM) in the city of Milan (Italy). For this purpose, some specimens were exposed in selected sites at the Milan University Campus for increasing periods (7, 30, 60, 128 and 165 days). The collected leaves were then analyzed to quantify Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES). The leaves’ surfaces were also examined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Chlorophytum comosum has proved to be a good system for studying the accumulation of heavy metals. The metals present with the higher concentration were Zn and Mn followed by Cd and Cr while Co, Ni and Pb were present in lower concentration. Although the sites investigated are not very far from each other, differences in the concentration of the heavy metals analyzed were found. Furthermore, in the monitoring period considered (July 2018–December 2018) the plant was a good proxy for tracking the concentration of zinc in Milan’s PM.