Energy Consumption Optimization Model of Multi-Type Bus Operating Organization Based on Time-Space Network

As a new type of green bus, the pure electric bus has obvious advantages in energy consumption and emission reduction compared with the traditional fuel bus. However, the pure electric bus has a mileage range constraint and the amount of charging infrastructure cannot meet the demand, which makes the scheduling of the electric bus driving plans more complicated. Meanwhile, many routes are operated with mixing pure electric buses and traditional fuel buses. As mentioned above, we focus on the operating organization problem with the multi-type bus (pure electric buses and traditional fuel buses), aiming to provide guidance for future application of electric buses. We take minimizing the energy consumption of vehicles, the waiting and traveling time of passengers as the objectives, while considering the constraints of vehicle full load limitation, minimal departure interval, mileage range and charging time window. The energy consumption based multi-type bus operating organization model was formulated, along with the heuristic algorithm to solve it. Then, a case study in Beijing was performed. The results showed that, the optimal mixing ratio of electric bus and fuel bus vary according to the variation of passenger flow. In general, each fuel bus could be replaced by two pure electric buses. Moreover, in the transition process of energy structure in public transport, the vehicle scale keeps increasing. The parking yard capacity and the amount of charging facilities are supposed to be further expanded.