scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Accute Respiratory Infections (Pneumonia) Incidence Rate in Children due to Climate Variables and Air Quality in Bogor

Agromet ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Revia Muharrami ◽  
Rini Hidayati ◽  
Ana Turyanti
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wet Season

Pneumonia is the respiratory infection disease, which is influenced by climatic variables and air quality. However, little is known how rainfall and air humidity influence on the disease situated in a high traffic density such as in Bogor, Indonesia. The research aims to analyze the influences of rainfall, air humidity, and air pollution on the incidence rate of pneumonia under 5-year old children in Bogor. We used statistical approaches namely correlation and principal component analysis and combined with chart analysis to identify the influences. Our results revealed that high rainfall (high relative humidity) improved air quality by lowering the concentration of particulate matter. But, the indoor microorganism growth would increase, therefore it affects the incidence rate of pneumonia under 5-year old children, especially in transition season from wet to dry. In dry season, high concentration of particulate matter in the air would increase the incidence rate of pneumonia. Other findings showed that climate (through humidity) and particulate matters have regulated the pneumonia incidence rate in Bogor. The rate was higher under high humidity. On other hand, in transition from dry to wet season, concentration of particulate matters was more dominant to influence the incident rate.

scholarly journals Impacts of atmospheric vertical structures on transboundary aerosol transport from China to South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Jung Lee ◽  
Hyun-Young Jo ◽  
Sang-Woo Kim ◽  
Moon-Soo Park ◽  
Cheol-Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The Yellow Sea ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract To forecast haze pollution episodes caused by high concentrations of long-range transported pollutants emitted in the areas upstream of South Korea, it is crucial to study and identify their behaviour. We analysed the three-dimensional air quality structure in Seoul using ground observation data and aerosol lidar measurements to identify vertical aerosol intrusion into the Korean Peninsula during the spring of 2016. The intrusions were particularly affected by the development of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in the leeward regions. The nocturnal pollutant intrusion into the Korean peninsula via the Yellow Sea was examined using measured data. The pollutants first reached the area above the nocturnal boundary layer (548 ± 180 m) and approached ground level on the following day due to convective mixing depending on the convective ABL growth (1182 ± 540 m) in daytime. These intrusion mechanisms were mostly attributed to extremely high concentrations (i.e. >100 μg m−3) of fine particulate matter in the leeward regions, accounting for four of the total of six cases for which the warnings and alerts were issued in Seoul Metropolitan Area over a year-long period (2016). The horizontal and vertical pathways of the long-range transported pollutants and the atmospheric vertical structure were identified as key factors affecting the surface air quality concentration in the leeward regions.

scholarly journals Distribution of PM2.5 Air Pollution in Mexico City: Spatial Analysis with Land-Use Regression Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Hinojosa-Baliño ◽  
Oscar Infante-Vázquez ◽  
Maite Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Personal Exposures ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Spatial Distribution Map ◽  
Very High

In this study, the spatial distribution of PM2.5 air pollution in Mexico City from 37 personal exposures was modeled. Meteorological, demographic, geographic, and social data were also included. Geographic information systems (GIS), spatial analysis, and Land-Use Regression (LUR) were used to generate the final predictive model and the spatial distribution map which revealed two areas with very high concentrations (up to 109.3 µg/m3) and two more with lower concentrations (between 72 to 86.5 µg/m3) (p < 0.05). These results illustrate an overview trend of PM2.5 in relation to human activity during the studied periods in Mexico City and show a general approach to understanding the spatial variability of PM2.5.

Satellite-based observations of ground-level fine particulate matter and comparison to a regional air quality model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Handschuh ◽  
Frank Baier ◽  
Thilo Erbertseder ◽  
Martijn Schaap
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Fine Particulate

&lt;p&gt;Particulate matter and other air pollutants have become an increasing burden on the environment and human health. Especially in metropolitan and high-traffic areas, air quality is often remarkably reduced. For a better understanding of the air quality in specific areas, which is of great environment-political interest, data with high resolution in space and time is required. The combination of satellite observations and chemistry-transport-modelling has proven to give a good database for assessments and analyses of air pollution. In contrast to sample in-situ measurements, satellite observations provide area-wide coverage &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;of measurements and thus the possibility for an almost gapless mapping of actual air pollutants. For a high temporal resolution, chemistry-transport-models are needed, which calculate concentrations of specific pollutants in continuous time steps. Satellite observations can thus be used to improve model performances.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are no direct satellite-measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) but ground-level concentrations of PM2.5 can be derived from optical parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD). A wide range of methods for the determination of PM2.5 concentrations from AOD measurements has been developed so far, but it is still a big challenge. In this study a semi-empirical approach based on the physical relationships between meteorological and optical parameters was applied to determine a first-guess of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations for the year 2018 and the larger Germany region. Therefor AOD observations of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) aboard the NASA Aqua satellite were used in a spatial resolution of 3km. First results showed an overestimation of ground-level aerosols and quiet low correlations with in-situ station measurements from the European Environmental Agency (EEA). To improve the results, correction factors were calculated using the coefficients of linear regression between satellite-based and in-situ measured particulate matter concentrations. Spatial and seasonal dependencies were taken into account with it. Correlations between satellite and in-situ measurements could be improved applying this method.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The MODIS 3km AOD product was found to be a good base for area-wide calculations of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations. First comparisons to the calculated PM2.5 concentrations from chemistry-transport-model POLYPHEMUS/DLR showed significant differences though. Satellite observations will now be used to improve the general model performance, first by helping to find and understand regional and temporal dependencies in the differences. As part of the German project S-VELD funded by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure BMVI, it will help for example to adjust the derivation of particle emissions within the model.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter in Underground Passageways

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Yi Song ◽  
Qing-Chang Lu ◽  
Zhong-Ren Peng
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Poor Ventilation

The unfavorable locations of underground infrastructures and poor ventilation facilities can result in the deterioration of enclosed air quality. Some researchers have studied air quality and ventilation measures in different types of underground buildings. However, few studies have investigated the pollution in pedestrian passageways connecting underground structures. Hence, in this paper, we attempted to investigate the spatial distribution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in underground passageways. First, measurements were designed and conducted in a pedestrian passageway beneath the Shanghai South Railway Station, Shanghai, China. Second, numerical simulations were performed based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology. Finally, the numerical simulations were extended to examine impacts of the ventilation measures on PM2.5 concentration with different inlet positions and air velocity in underground passageways. The simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental data, and the numerical model was validated to be an effective method to investigate the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in underground passageways. Results suggest that building additional entrances is an advisable method for improving air quality in the underground passageways of the Shanghai South Railway Station, while jet fans are not recommended. Findings of this study offer suggestions for mitigating PM2.5 pollution in underground passageways.

scholarly journals Application of the "SIX SIGMA" method for the analysis of the improvement of the environmental air quality parameters at the municipality of Bucharest, by monitoring the pollutances of NOX pollutants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion Durbaca ◽  
Nicoleta Sporea ◽  
Dana-Claudia Farcas-Flamaropol ◽  
Elena Surdu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Environmental Air

This paper analyzes the improvement of ambient air quality indicators by monitoring the NOx concentration in one of the most polluted areas of Bucharest, using the statistical method "SIX SIGMA" (6σ). By applying the methodology of this statistical approach, the aim is to reduce non-conformities within the specified limits (according to the standards and legislative norms in force) and respectively, to ensure maximum efficiency (99,99%), equivalent to a yield of 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO). As high concentrations of air pollutants have a major impact on human health, the most harmful effect has been found to be caused by nitrogen dioxide (NO2), mainly from ground-level ozone. Using the "6σ" method, the optimal solutions for eliminating non-conformities and implicitly for reducing the NO2 concentration and ensuring the improvement of the ambient air quality can be identified.

scholarly journals Measurement and modeling of particulate matter concentrations: Applying spatial analysis and regression techniques to assess air quality

MethodsX ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 372-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ali Sajjadi ◽  
Ghasem Zolfaghari ◽  
Hamed Adab ◽  
Ahmad Allahabadi ◽  
Mehri Delsouz
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Regression Techniques

scholarly journals Vertical Wind Shear Modulates Particulate Matter Pollutions: A Perspective from Radar Wind Profiler Observations in Beijing, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
Yuanjian Yang ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Steve Yim
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Vertical Mixing ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Wind Profiler ◽  
Northerly Wind

Vertical wind shear (VWS) is one of the key meteorological factors in modulating ground-level particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5). Due to the lack of high-resolution vertical wind measurements, how the VWS affects ground-level PM2.5 remains highly debated. Here we employed the wind profiling observations from the fine-time-resolution radar wind profiler (RWP), together with hourly ground-level PM2.5 measurements, to explore the wind features in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and their association with aerosols in Beijing for the period from December 1, 2018, to February 28, 2019. Overall, southerly wind anomalies almost dominated throughout the whole PBL or even beyond the PBL under polluted conditions during the course of a day, as totally opposed to the northerly wind anomalies in the PBL under clean conditions. Besides, the ground-level PM2.5 pollution exhibited a strong dependence on the VWS. A much weaker VWS was observed in the lower part of the PBL under polluted conditions, compared with that under clean conditions, which could be due to the strong ground-level PM2.5 accumulation induced by weak vertical mixing in the PBL. Notably, weak northbound transboundary PM2.5 pollution mainly appeared within the PBL, where relatively small VWS dominated. Above the PBL, strong northerlies winds also favored the long-range transport of aerosols, which in turn deteriorated the air quality in Beijing as well. This was well corroborated by the synoptic-scale circulation and backward trajectory analysis. Therefore, we argued here that not only the wind speed in the vertical but the VWS were important for the investigation of aerosol pollution formation mechanism in Beijing. Also, our findings offer wider insights into the role of VWS from RWP in modulating the variation of PM2.5, which deserves explicit consideration in the forecast of air quality in the future.

scholarly journals 3D Spatial Analysis of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S, SO2 and VOC) in Urban Areas Surrounding a Large Heat and Power Plant

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4070
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
The Impact

In many regions of the world, the winter period is a time of poor air quality, due primarily to the increased use of individual and district heating systems. As a consequence, the atmospheric air contains increased concentrations of both particulate matter and gaseous pollutants (as a result of “low” emissions at altitudes of up to 40 m and “high” emissions more than 40 m above ground level). In winter, the increased pollution is very often exacerbated by meteorological conditions, including air temperature, pressure, air speed, wind direction, and thermal inversion. Here, we analyze the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and gaseous pollutants (H2S, SO2, and VOC) in the immediate vicinity of a large solid fuel-fired heat and power plant located in an urban agglomeration. Two locations were selected for analysis. The first was close to an air quality measurement station in the center of a multi-family housing estate. The second was the intersection of two main communication routes. To determine the impact of “low” and “high” emissions on air quality, the selected pollutants were measured at heights of between 2 and 50 m using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The results were compared with permissible standards for the concentration of pollutants. Temperature inversion was found to have a strong influence on the level of pollutants at various heights, with higher concentrations of particulate matter registered at altitudes above 40 m. The source of PM, H2S, and SO2 pollutants was confirmed to be “low emission” from local transport, industrial plant areas, and the housing estate comprising detached houses located in the vicinity of the measuring points. “High emission” was found to be responsible for the high concentrations of VOC at altitudes of more than 40 m above the intersection and in the area of the housing estate.

scholarly journals Research on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Air Pollutants in Sichuan Basin

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Fang ◽  
Xiaodong Tan ◽  
Yue Zhong ◽  
Ju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Sichuan Basin is one of the most densely populated areas in China and the world. Human activities have great impact on the air quality. In order to understand the characteristics of overall air pollutants in Sichuan Basin in recent years, we analyzed the concentrations of six air pollutants monitored in 22 cities during the period from January 2015 to December 2020. During the study period, the annual average concentrations of CO, NO2, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 all showed a clear downward trend, while the ozone concentration was slowly increasing. The spatial patterns of CO and SO2 were similar. High-concentration areas were mainly located in the western plateau of Sichuan Basin, while the concentrations of NO2 and particulate matter were more prominent in the urban agglomerations inside the basin. During the study period, changes of the monthly average concentrations for pollutants (except for O3) conformed to the U-shaped pattern, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. In the southern cities of the basin, secondary sources had a higher contribution to the generation of fine particulate matter, while in large cities inside the basin, such as Chengdu and Chongqing, air pollution had a strong correlation with automobile exhaust emissions. The heavy pollution incidents observed in the winter of 2017 were mainly caused by the surrounding plateau terrain with typical stagnant weather conditions. This finding was also supported by the backward trajectory analysis, which showed that the air masses arrived in Chengdu were mainly from the western plateau area of the basin. The results of this study will provide a basis for the government to take measures to improve the air quality in Sichuan Basin.

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