scholarly journals Influence of Varying Dietary ω6 to ω3 Fatty Acid Ratios on the Hepatic Transcriptome, and Association with Phenotypic Traits (Growth, Somatic Indices, and Tissue Lipid Composition), in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 578
Author(s):  
Tomer Katan ◽  
Xi Xue ◽  
Albert Caballero-Solares ◽  
Richard G. Taylor ◽  
Christopher C. Parrish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Hepatic Transcriptome

The importance of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios for human health has been extensively examined. However, its impact on fish physiology, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, are less well understood. This study investigated the influence of plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.4–2.7) on the hepatic transcriptome of Atlantic salmon. Using 44 K microarray analysis, genes involved in immune and inflammatory response (lect2a, itgb5, helz2a, p43), lipid metabolism (helz2a), cell proliferation (htra1b), control of muscle and neuronal development (mef2d) and translation (eif2a, eif4b1, p43) were identified; these were differentially expressed between the two extreme ω6:ω3 dietary treatments (high ω6 vs. high ω3) at week 12. Eight out of 10 microarray-identified transcripts showed an agreement in the direction of expression fold-change between the microarray and qPCR studies. The PPARα activation-related transcript helz2a was confirmed by qPCR to be down-regulated by high ω6 diet compared with high ω3 diet. The transcript expression of two helz2 paralogues was positively correlated with ω3, and negatively with ω6 FA in both liver and muscle, thus indicating their potential as biomarkers of tissue ω6:ω3 variation. Mef2d expression in liver was suppressed in the high ω6 compared to the balanced diet (ω6:ω3 of 2.7 and 0.9, respectively) fed fish, and showed negative correlations with ω6:ω3 in both tissues. The hepatic expression of two lect2 paralogues was negatively correlated with viscerosomatic index, while htra1b correlated negatively with salmon weight gain and condition factor. Finally, p43 and eif2a were positively correlated with liver Σω3, while these transcripts and eif4b2 showed negative correlations with 18:2ω6 in the liver. This suggested that some aspects of protein synthesis were influenced by dietary ω6:ω3. In summary, this nutrigenomic study identified hepatic transcripts responsive to dietary variation in ω6:ω3, and relationships of transcript expression with tissue (liver, muscle) lipid composition and other phenotypic traits.

scholarly journals Influence of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and ω6 to ω3 Ratios on Head Kidney Lipid Composition and Expression of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Katan ◽  
Xi Xue ◽  
Albert Caballero-Solares ◽  
Richard G. Taylor ◽  
Matthew L. Rise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Head Kidney ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Eicosanoid Metabolism

The interaction of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) levels with omega-6 to omega-3 ratios (ω6:ω3), and their impact on head kidney lipid metabolism in farmed fish, are not fully elucidated. We investigated the influence of five plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying EPA+DHA levels (0.3, 1.0, or 1.4%) and ω6:ω3 (high ω6, high ω3, or balanced) on tissue lipid composition, and transcript expression of genes involved in fatty acid and eicosanoid metabolism in Atlantic salmon head kidney. Tissue fatty acid composition was reflective of the diet with respect to C18 PUFA and MUFA levels (% of total FA), and ω6:ω3 (0.5–1.5). Fish fed 0.3% EPA+DHA with high ω6 (0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6) had the highest increase in proportions (1.7–2.3-fold) and in concentrations (1.4-1.8-fold) of arachidonic acid (ARA). EPA showed the greatest decrease in proportion and in concentration (by ~½) in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 fed fish compared to the other treatments. However, no differences were observed in EPA proportions among salmon fed the high ω3 (0.3 and 1.0% EPA+DHA) and balanced (1.4% EPA+DHA) diets, and DHA proportions were similar among all treatments. Further, the transcript expression of elovl5a was lowest in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 fed fish, and correlated positively with 20:3ω3, 20:4ω3 and EPA:ARA in the head kidney. This indicates that high dietary 18:3ω3 promoted the synthesis of ω3 LC-PUFA. Dietary EPA+DHA levels had a positive impact on elovl5a, fadsd5 and srebp1 expression, and these transcripts positively correlated with tissue ΣMUFA. This supported the hypothesis that LC-PUFA synthesis is positively influenced by tissue MUFA levels in Atlantic salmon. The expression of pparaa was higher in the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω6 compared to the 0.3% EPA+DHA↑ω3 fed fish. Finally, significant correlations between head kidney fatty acid composition and the expression of eicosanoid synthesis-related transcripts (i.e., 5loxa, 5loxb, cox1, cox2, ptges2, ptges3, and pgds) illustrated the constitutive relationships among fatty acids and eicosanoid metabolism in salmon.

scholarly journals GWAS identifies genetic variants associated with omega-3 fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon fillets

Aquaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 514 ◽  
pp. 734494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri S. Horn ◽  
Bente Ruyter ◽  
Theo H.E. Meuwissen ◽  
Hooman Moghadam ◽  
Borghild Hillestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid

scholarly journals CHANGES OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID CONTENT AND LIPID COMPOSITION IN CANNED TUNA DURING 12-MONTH STORAGE

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIRITHON SIRIAMORNPUN ◽  
LIFENG YANG ◽  
JITTAWAN KUBOLA ◽  
DUO LI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Canned Tuna

scholarly journals Regulation of the Omega-3 Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway in Atlantic Salmon Hepatocytes

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0168230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marte Avranden Kjær ◽  
Bente Ruyter ◽  
Gerd Marit Berge ◽  
Yajing Sun ◽  
Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway

scholarly journals Accuracy of selection for omega-3 fatty acid content in Atlantic salmon fillets

Aquaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 734767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siri S. Horn ◽  
Theo H.E. Meuwissen ◽  
Hooman Moghadam ◽  
Borghild Hillestad ◽  
Anna K. Sonesson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals “Insulin-Like” Effects of Palmitate Might Contribute to the Development of Insulin Resistance in Hypothalamic Neurons

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Benzler ◽  
Jonas Benzler ◽  
Sigrid Stoehr ◽  
Cindy Hempp ◽  
Mohammed Z. Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Protein Levels

Saturated fatty acids are implicated in the development of metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. There is evidence, however, that polyunsaturated fatty acids can counteract the pathogenic effects of saturated fatty acids. To gain insight into the early molecular mechanisms by which fatty acids influence hypothalamic inflammation and insulin resistance, we performed time-course experiments in a hypothalamic cell line, using different durations of treatment with the saturated fatty acid palmitate, and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Western blot analysis revealed that palmitate elevated the protein levels of phospho(p)AKT in a time-dependent manner. This effect seems involved in the pathogenicity of palmitate, as temporary inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway by selective PI3K inhibitors prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance. Similarly to palmitate, DHA also increased levels of pAKT, but to a weaker extent. Co-administration of DHA with palmitate decreased pAKT close to the basal level after 8 h, and prevented palmitate-induced insulin resistance after 12 h. Measurement of the inflammatory markers pJNK and pNFκB-p65 revealed tonic elevation of both markers in the presence of palmitate alone. DHA alone transiently induced elevation of pJNK, returning to basal levels by 12 h treatment. Co-administration of DHA with palmitate prevented palmitate-induced inflammation after 12 h, but not at earlier time points.

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