scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites Produced by Cyanobacteria for Growth Adaptation and their Pharmacological Properties

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Pavitra Nandagopal ◽  
Anthony Nyangson Steven ◽  
Liong-Wai Chan ◽  
Zaidah Rahmat ◽  
Haryati Jamaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Growth Adaptation ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Molecules ◽  
Adaptation Ability

Cyanobacteria are the most abundant oxygenic photosynthetic organisms inhabiting various ecosystems on earth. As with all other photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria release oxygen as a byproduct during photosynthesis. In fact, some cyanobacterial species are involved in the global nitrogen cycles by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Environmental factors influence the dynamic, physiological characteristics, and metabolic profiles of cyanobacteria, which results in their great adaptation ability to survive in diverse ecosystems. The evolution of these primitive bacteria resulted from the unique settings of photosynthetic machineries and the production of bioactive compounds. Specifically, bioactive compounds play roles as regulators to provide protection against extrinsic factors and act as intracellular signaling molecules to promote colonization. In addition to the roles of bioactive metabolites as indole alkaloids, terpenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, ribosomal peptides, phenolic acid, flavonoids, vitamins, and antimetabolites for cyanobacterial survival in numerous habitats, which is the focus of this review, the bioactivities of these compounds for the treatment of various diseases are also discussed.

scholarly journals Bioactive Metabolites from Marine Algae as Potent Pharmacophores against Oxidative Stress-Associated Human Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Biswajita Pradhan ◽  
Rabindra Nayak ◽  
Srimanta Patra ◽  
Bimal Prasad Jit ◽  
Andrea Ragusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Leading Role

In addition to cancer and diabetes, inflammatory and ROS-related diseases represent one of the major health problems worldwide. Currently, several synthetic drugs are used to reduce oxidative stress; nevertheless, these approaches often have side effects. Therefore, to overcome these issues, the search for alternative therapies has gained importance in recent times. Natural bioactive compounds have represented, and they still do, an important source of drugs with high therapeutic efficacy. In the “synthetic” era, terrestrial and aquatic photosynthetic organisms have been shown to be an essential source of natural compounds, some of which might play a leading role in pharmaceutical drug development. Marine organisms constitute nearly half of the worldwide biodiversity. In the marine environment, algae, seaweeds, and seagrasses are the first reported sources of marine natural products for discovering novel pharmacophores. The algal bioactive compounds are a potential source of novel antioxidant and anticancer (through modulation of the cell cycle, metastasis, and apoptosis) compounds. Secondary metabolites in marine Algae, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, could have great therapeutic implications against several diseases. In this context, this review focuses on the diversity of functional compounds extracted from algae and their potential beneficial effects in fighting cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases.

Intracellular signaling molecules of nerve tissue progenitors as pharmacological targets for treatment of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gleb Nikolaevich Zyuz’kov ◽  
Larisa Arkad`evna Miroshnichenko ◽  
Elena Vladislavovna Simanina ◽  
Larisa Alexandrovna Stavrova ◽  
Tatyana Yur`evna Polykova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Molecules

Abstract Objectives The development of approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases caused by alcohol abuse by targeted pharmacological regulation of intracellular signaling transduction of progenitor cells of nerve tissue is promising. We studied peculiarities of participation of NF-кB-, сАМР/РКА-, JAKs/STAT3-, ERK1/2-, p38-pathways in the regulation of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in the simulation of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro, the role of signaling molecules (NF-кB, сАМР, РКА, JAKs, STAT3, ERK1/2, p38) in realizing the growth potential of neural stem cells (NSC) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCP) in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration modeled in vitro and in vivo was studied. To do this, the method of the pharmacological blockade with the use of selective inhibitors of individual signaling molecules was used. Results Several of fundamental differences in the role of certain intracellular signaling molecules (SM) in proliferation and specialization of NSC and NCP have been revealed. It has been shown that the effect of ethanol on progenitors is accompanied by the formation of a qualitatively new pattern of signaling pathways. Data have been obtained on the possibility of stimulation of nerve tissue regeneration in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration by NF-кB and STAT3 inhibitors. It has been found that the blockage of these SM stimulates NSC and NCP in conditions of ethanol intoxication and does not have a «negative» effect on the realization of the growth potential of intact progenitors (which will appear de novo during therapy). Conclusions The results may serve as a basis for the development of fundamentally new drugs to the treatment of alcoholic encephalopathy and other diseases of the central nervous system associated with alcohol abuse.

scholarly journals Taxonomy, Diversity and Cultivation of the Oudemansielloid/Xeruloid Taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula with Respect to Their Bioactivities: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Allen Grace Niego ◽  
Olivier Raspé ◽  
Naritsada Thongklang ◽  
Rawiwan Charoensup ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Commercial Applications

The oudemansielloid/xeruloid taxa Hymenopellis, Mucidula, Oudemansiella, and Xerula are genera of Basidiomycota that constitute an important resource of bioactive compounds. Numerous studies have shown antimicrobial, anti-oxidative, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactivities of their extracts. The bioactive principles can be divided into two major groups: (a) hydrophilic polysaccharides with relatively high molecular weights and (b) low molecular medium polar secondary metabolites, such as the antifungal strobilurins. In this review, we summarize the state of the art on biodiversity, cultivation of the fungi and bioactivities of their secondary metabolites and discuss future applications. Although the strobilurins are well-documented, with commercial applications as agrochemical fungicides, there are also other known compounds from this group that have not yet been well-studied. Polysaccharides, dihydro-citrinone phenol A acid, scalusamides, and acetylenic lactones such as xerulin, also have potential applications in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medicinal market and should be further explored. Further studies are recommended to isolate high quality bioactive compounds and fully understand their modes of action. Given that only few species of oudemansielloid/xeruloid mushrooms have been explored for their production of secondary metabolites, these taxa represent unexplored sources of potentially useful and novel bioactive metabolites.

scholarly journals The Plant Target of Rapamycin: A Conduc TOR of Nutrition and Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Camille Ingargiola ◽  
Gustavo Turqueto Duarte ◽  
Christophe Robaglia ◽  
Anne-Sophie Leprince ◽  
Christian Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Tor Pathway ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Living organisms possess many mechanisms to sense nutrients and favorable conditions, which allow them to grow and develop. Photosynthetic organisms are very diverse, from green unicellular algae to multicellular flowering plants, but most of them are sessile and thus unable to escape from the biotic and abiotic stresses they experience. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes and acts as a central regulatory hub between growth and extrinsic factors, such as nutrients or stress. However, relatively little is known about the regulations and roles of this pathway in plants and algae. Although some features of the TOR pathway seem to have been highly conserved throughout evolution, others clearly differ in plants, perhaps reflecting adaptations to different lifestyles and the rewiring of this primordial signaling module to adapt to specific requirements. Indeed, TOR is involved in plant responses to a vast array of signals including nutrients, hormones, light, stresses or pathogens. In this review, we will summarize recent studies that address the regulations of TOR by nutrients in photosynthetic organisms, and the roles of TOR in controlling important metabolic pathways, highlighting similarities and differences with the other eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Wnt signaling in the thymus is regulated by differential expression of intracellular signaling molecules

2006 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 3322-3326 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Weerkamp ◽  
M. R. M. Baert ◽  
B. A. E. Naber ◽  
E. E. L. Koster ◽  
E. F. E. de Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Intracellular Signaling Molecules
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