scholarly journals Quantifying Leaf Trait Covariations and Their Relationships with Plant Adaptation Strategies along an Aridity Gradient

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Yanzheng Yang ◽  
Le Kang ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Ning Qi ◽  
Ruonan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Aridity Gradient ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Leaf Economic Spectrum

A trait-based approach is an effective way to quantify plant adaptation strategies in response to changing environments. Single trait variations have been well depicted before; however, multi-trait covariations and their roles in shaping plant adaptation strategies along aridity gradients remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to reveal multi-trait covariation characteristics, their controls and their relevance to plant adaptation strategies. Using eight relevant plant functional traits and multivariate statistical approaches, we found the following: (1) the eight studied traits show evident covariation characteristics and could be grouped into four functional dimensions linked to plant strategies, namely energy balance, resource acquisition, resource investment and water use efficiency; (2) leaf area (LA) together with traits related to the leaf economic spectrum, including leaf nitrogen content per area (Narea), leaf nitrogen per mass (Nmass) and leaf dry mass per area (LMA), covaried along the aridity gradient (represented by the moisture index, MI) and dominated the trait–environmental change axis; (3) together, climate, soil and family can explain 50.4% of trait covariations; thus, vegetation succession along the aridity gradient cannot be neglected in trait covariations. Our findings provide novel perspectives toward a better understanding of plant adaptations to arid conditions and serve as a reference for vegetation restoration and management programs in arid regions.

scholarly journals Planting method, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation for diazotrophic bacteria for Cantaloupe melon plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Fernandes Cardoso Campos ◽  
Alexsander Seleguini ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira de Lima
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on plant development, productivity and fruit quality from combinations of planting methods, nitrogen fertilizer applications and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense in Cantaloupe melons cultivated in a protected environment. A randomized blocks design was adopted with a 2×2×2 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments consisted of combinations of planting methods (pre-established seedlings or direct field sowing), inoculation with A. brasilense (with or without) and nitrogen fertilization (with and without). During the vegetative phase, the height, stem diameter, number and length of plant internodes and relative chlorophyll content were evaluated. Fifty-five days after planting, the leaf nitrogen content, leaf area and dry mass were measured. At harvest, the number of days between planting and harvesting was calculated, and the fresh weight, circumference, length, bark and pulp thickness and fruit productivity were evaluated. It was verified that A. brasilense did not affect any of the evaluated characteristics. On the other hand, direct field seed sowing decreased the production time and provided good plant development. However, the size and productivity of the fruits were higher when pre-established seedlings were used, with or without inoculation with A. brasilense, fertilized with nitrogen. It was concluded that the combinations of the different sowing methods, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with A. brasilense affected the development and characteristics of the Cantaloupe melon plants and fruits.

Response of leaf traits of common plants in alpine meadow to plateau pika disturbance

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Pan Pang ◽  
Zheng Gang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plateau Pika ◽  
Alpine Meadows ◽  
Disturbance Intensity ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Kobresia Pygmaea

Leaf traits have been proven to reflect the adaptation of individual plants to disturbance environments in a grassland ecosystem. A field survey was conducted to investigate the effects of the disturbance intensity of plateau pika on the leaf traits of a dominant (Kobresia pygmaea) and two common plants (Elymus nutans and Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore) in an alpine meadow. This study indicated that the plateau pika disturbance enables the individuals of three plants to exhibit respective plasticity because the three plants had different leaf indices (LI) as the disturbance intensity increased. K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore had high specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry mass content (LDMC), and leaf nitrogen content (LNC) at relatively low, moderate, and high disturbance intensities of plateau pika, respectively. K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore suffered low nutrient stress at low, moderate and high disturbance intensities due to high N : P at corresponding disturbance intensities. These results indicated that K. pygmaea, E. nutans and A. rivularis var. flore-minore grew well at relatively low, moderate, and high disturbance intensity conditions, respectively, which contributed to the improvement of alpine meadows with a higher proportion of E. nutans at a moderate disturbance intensity or the deterioration of alpine meadows with a higher proportion of A. rivularis var. flore-minore at a high disturbance intensity. Our findings suggest that leaf traits are effective tools to explain how small burrowing herbivore disturbances often lead to the improvement or deterioration of alpine meadows under different disturbance intensities.

scholarly journals Corn yield, forage production and quality affected by methods of intercropping corn and Panicum maximum

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Estevam Munhoz de Almeida ◽  
Caio Macret Gomes ◽  
Bruno Cocco Lago ◽  
Silas Maciel de Oliveira ◽  
Clovis Pierozan Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Tiller Density

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate methods of intercropping corn and Panicum spp. forages and their effects on corn yield and forage development. Two experiments with Panicum spp. were conducted, one with 'Tanzania' and other with 'Massai' in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing season. In both experiments, the treatments were: broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. at the same time of corn sowing; corn with Panicum spp. between rows; Panicum spp. sown with fertilizer; Panicum spp. sown between corn rows after corn establishment; broadcast seeding of Panicum spp. after corn establishment; and sole corn sowing. For corn, leaf nitrogen content, ear height, and grain yield were evaluated. For Panicum spp. cultivars, height, dry mass, tiller density, and leaf:stem ratio were evaluated. The intercropping establishment methods used do not affect corn growth, grain yield, and N leaf content. The seeding of both cultivars of Panicum spp. when corn plants had four expanded leaves reduces forage dry mass production and increases the leaf:stem ratio. The Panicum spp. broadcast method, performed after corn was established, does not allow appropriate establishment, with few plants in the area.

scholarly journals Estimating the Leaf Nitrogen Content with a New Feature Extracted from the Ultra-High Spectral and Spatial Resolution Images in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Jiale Jiang ◽  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Yongchao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Textural Analysis ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
New Feature

Real-time and accurate monitoring of nitrogen content in crops is crucial for precision agriculture. Proximal sensing is the most common technique for monitoring crop traits, but it is often influenced by soil background and shadow effects. However, few studies have investigated the classification of different components of crop canopy, and the performance of spectral and textural indices from different components on estimating leaf nitrogen content (LNC) of wheat remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate a new feature extracted from near-ground hyperspectral imaging data to estimate precisely the LNC of wheat. In field experiments conducted over two years, we collected hyperspectral images at different rates of nitrogen and planting densities for several varieties of wheat throughout the growing season. We used traditional methods of classification (one unsupervised and one supervised method), spectral analysis (SA), textural analysis (TA), and integrated spectral and textural analysis (S-TA) to classify the images obtained as those of soil, panicles, sunlit leaves (SL), and shadowed leaves (SHL). The results show that the S-TA can provide a reasonable compromise between accuracy and efficiency (overall accuracy = 97.8%, Kappa coefficient = 0.971, and run time = 14 min), so the comparative results from S-TA were used to generate four target objects: the whole image (WI), all leaves (AL), SL, and SHL. Then, those objects were used to determine the relationships between the LNC and three types of indices: spectral indices (SIs), textural indices (TIs), and spectral and textural indices (STIs). All AL-derived indices achieved more stable relationships with the LNC than the WI-, SL-, and SHL-derived indices, and the AL-derived STI was the best index for estimating the LNC in terms of both calibration (Rc2 = 0.78, relative root mean-squared error (RRMSEc) = 13.5%) and validation (Rv2 = 0.83, RRMSEv = 10.9%). It suggests that extracting the spectral and textural features of all leaves from near-ground hyperspectral images can precisely estimate the LNC of wheat throughout the growing season. The workflow is promising for the LNC estimation of other crops and could be helpful for precision agriculture.

scholarly journals Leaf traits and gas exchange in saplings of native tree species in the Central Amazon

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keila Rego Mendes ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Marenco
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Rainfall Regime ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content

Global climate models predict changes on the length of the dry season in the Amazon which may affect tree physiology. The aims of this work were to determine the effect of the rainfall regime and fraction of sky visible (FSV) at the forest understory on leaf traits and gas exchange of ten rainforest tree species in the Central Amazon, Brazil. We also examined the relationship between specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness (LT), and leaf nitrogen content on photosynthetic parameters. Data were collected in January (rainy season) and August (dry season) of 2008. A diurnal pattern was observed for light saturated photosynthesis (Amax) and stomatal conductance (g s), and irrespective of species, Amax was lower in the dry season. However, no effect of the rainfall regime was observed on g s nor on the photosynthetic capacity (Apot, measured at saturating [CO2]). Apot and leaf thickness increased with FSV, the converse was true for the FSV-SLA relationship. Also, a positive relationship was observed between Apot per unit leaf area and leaf nitrogen content, and between Apot per unit mass and SLA. Although the rainfall regime only slightly affects soil moisture, photosynthetic traits seem to be responsive to rainfall-related environmental factors, which eventually lead to an effect on Amax. Finally, we report that little variation in FSV seems to affect leaf physiology (Apot) and leaf anatomy (leaf thickness).

scholarly journals Fertilization of Red Maple ( Acer rubrum) and Littleleaf Linden ( Tilia cordata) Trees at Recommended Rates Does Not Aid Tree Establishment

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Susan Day ◽  
J. Roger Harris
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Tilia Cordata ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Fertilizer Regimes

Landscape trees typically grow slowly for several years after transplanting. We investigated whether fertilization could speed tree growth during this establishment period, which fertilization regimes were most effective, and whether fertilization interacted with irrigation. Fifty-four each of landscape-sized, balled-and-burlapped red maple (Acer rubrum) and littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata) were planted into a relatively infertile silt loam soil and were fertilized (1.5 kg N/100 m 2[3 lb N/1000 ft 2]) each spring (either including or not including at planting), each fall, or not fertilized. Each of these fertilizer regimes was either irrigated or not irrigated during 3 years. An additional treatment of an unirrigated, split (spring/fall) fertilizer application was included. There was no evidence that fertilization affected irrigated trees differently than unirrigated trees. Overall, fertilization did not speed establishment and did not affect trunk growth, shoot extension, or leaf nitrogen content. There was no evidence that fall fertilization might be more effective than spring fertilization. There was no indication that fertilized trees experienced increased drought stress. Nitrogen rates and factors affecting fertilizer uptake are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of biostimulant and substrate volume on root growth and development of scarlet sage (Salvia splendens L.) transplants

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svjetlana Zeljkovic ◽  
Nada Paradjikovic ◽  
Tamara Babic ◽  
Gordana Djuric ◽  
Rodoljub Oljaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Adaptation To Stress ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Salvia Splendens ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Root Growth And Development

The influence of biostimulant and substrate volume on scarlet sage transplants growth and development was examined in this investigation. There was one cultivar of scarlet sage used in trial which was transplanted in pots of two different volumes. Plants were treated with biostimulant (Radifarm) in concentration of 0.25% or left untreated (control). During the trial, root and aboveground fresh and dry mass were recorded. Treatment with biostimulant and bigger substrate volume showed good results by increasing investigated parameters. Investigation shows how biostimulant application to scarlet sage transplants production improves growth and development of root and aboveground mass which is important for faster plant adaptation to stress during transplanting.

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