scholarly journals Electrochemical Strategies for Titanium Implant Polymeric Coatings: The Why and How

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Cometa ◽  
Maria Addolorata Bonifacio ◽  
Monica Mattioli-Belmonte ◽  
Luigia Sabbatini ◽  
Elvira De Giglio
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Biological Compatibility ◽  
Cell Coating ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
The Ideal

Among the several strategies aimed at polymeric coatings deposition on titanium (Ti) and its alloys, metals commonly used in orthopaedic and orthodontic prosthesis, electrochemical approaches have gained growing interest, thanks to their high versatility. In this review, we will present two main electrochemical procedures to obtain stable, low cost and reliable polymeric coatings: electrochemical polymerization and electrophoretic deposition. Distinction should be made between bioinert films—having mainly the purpose of hindering corrosive processes of the underlying metal—and bioactive films—capable of improving biological compatibility, avoiding inflammation or implant-associated infection processes, and so forth. However, very often, these two objectives have been pursued and achieved contemporaneously. Indeed, the ideal coating is a system in which anti-corrosion, anti-infection and osseointegration can be obtained simultaneously. The ultimate goal of all these coatings is the better control of properties and processes occurring at the titanium interface, with a special emphasis on the cell-coating interactions. Finally, advantages and drawbacks of these electrochemical strategies have been highlighted in the concluding remarks.

Electrophoretic Deposition Performance of Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Alloys for Orthopedic Implant Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Nuzul Ficky Nuswantoro ◽  
Dian Juliadmi ◽  
Hidayatul Fajri ◽  
Menkher Manjas ◽  
Netti Suharti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Metal Implants ◽  
Ha Coating ◽  
Coating Time

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is potentially used as a coating material for titanium alloys to improve their bioactivity and then enhancing the osseointegration characteristic of metal implants for orthopedic application. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD), one of the coating methods that is widely applied for coating metal because of its simplicity and relatively low cost, is chosen for coating metal implants. HA coating layer quality can be controlled by adjusting applied voltages and coating time of the EPD process. However, the optimum voltage and exposing time has not yet been known for new type titanium implant such as Ti-12Cr and TNTZ. This work is, therefore, focusing on the effect of applied voltage and coating time on the mass growth, HA coating thickness, and surface coverage that can be produced on the surfaces of both alloys, and also on the conventional titanium alloy, Ti6Al4V, for comparison. The result of this work showed that there is a significant influence of the titanium alloy type on the HA layer performances. However, it is necessary to choose a suitable voltage and to expose time for producing a sufficient coating layer that meets the standard of orthopedic implants.

Poly N-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrrole as a selective film for the thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensor

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiping Deng ◽  
David C. Stone ◽  
Michael Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Polymeric Coatings ◽  
Thickness Shear Mode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acoustic Wave Sensor ◽  
Polypyrrole Film ◽  
Thickness Shear

Poly N-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrrole films have been synthesized by electrochemical polymerization and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Polymeric coatings prepared on the surface of a thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensor have been used to examine response selectivity to a number of gas-phase probe molecules. The responses of the poly N-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrrole based sensor are compared with the parent polypyrrole device and rationalized in terms of the molecular interactions between probes and polymer films. The polar cyano functionality enhances interactions with analytes such as acetonitrile. Keywords: gas sensor, thickness-shear-mode acoustic wave sensor, poly N-(2-cyanoethyl)pyrrole film, polypyrrole film, conducting polymer.

scholarly journals Cryo-Microtome sections of coproculture larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and Strongyloides ratti as antigen sources for the immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Maria COSTA-CRUZ ◽  
Carina Barbosa BULLAMAH ◽  
Maria do Rosário F. GONÇALVES-PIRES ◽  
Dulcinéa Maria B. CAMPOS ◽  
Miguel Alípio VIEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Human Igg ◽  
Significant Linear Correlation ◽  
The Ideal

Cryo-microtome sections of larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis and S. ratti respectively obtained from human and rat feces cultures, were used as antigens. Fluoresceinate conjugates against human IgG were employed at the ideal titer of 10 for S. stercoralis and 100 for S. ratti. The sensitivity of the indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IIF) was 94.4% and 92.5% and the specificity 94.2% and 97.1% for the two specific larval antigens, respectively. Sera from 123 persons (54 from carriers of S. stercoralis infections and 69 from controls) were submitted to the reaction. The titers of different sera varied from 20 to 2560. There was a significant linear correlation (r = 0.85 p <FONT FACE="Symbol">£</font> 0.001) between the antibodies from the two species of larval antigens. We conclude that both antigens may be used in the IIF reaction for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Due to the feasibility of safe and low-cost mass production of S. ratti larvae in the laboratory with a considerable economy of conjugate, their utilization in the serum diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis is recommended

The Retrospects and Prospects of Pure Water Hydraulic Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
Li Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Simple System ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Hydraulic ◽  
Research Situation ◽  
The Ideal

Pure water hydraulic technology attracts more and more attention of people due to no pollution, low cost, simple system, and many other advantages. This paper compares physico-chemical properties between pure water and hydraulic oil, concludes that pure water is the ideal medium for hydraulic system. Then it discusses the development of pure water hydraulic technology, introduces the present research situation and development of pure water hydraulic components from home to abroad in the future.

scholarly journals Prospects for the development of fungal vaccines.

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
G S Deepe
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Ideal

In an era that emphasizes the term "cost-effective," vaccines are the ideal solution to preventing disease at a relatively low cost to society. Much of the previous emphasis has been on childhood scourges such as measles, mumps, rubella, poliomyelitis, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. The concept of vaccines for fungal diseases has had less impact because of the perceived limited problem. However, fungal diseases have become increasingly appreciated as serious medical problems that require recognition and aggressive management. The escalation in the incidence and prevalence of infection has prompted a renewed interest in vaccine development. Herein, I discuss the most recent developments in the search for vaccines to combat fungal infections. Investigators have discovered several inert substances from various fungi that can mediate protection in animal models. The next challenge will be to find the suitable mode of delivery for these immunogens.

New Type of Distributed Biomass Combustion Device Necessity and Feasibility in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 4013-4016
Author(s):  
Chang Le Pang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Ren Jie Dong
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
New Type ◽  
Energy Products ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Commercial Energy

Worldwide changes in climate and environment forced us human beings to seek for alternatives to replace commercial energy products like coal and petroleum. However, there have some difficulties to promote commercial energy products in China’s rural areas and newly urbanized areas. Biomass combustion system will become one of the ideal devices for such areas in a period of time. It is necessary to develop new types of biomass combustion system consisting of gasification or Semi-Gasification and combustion units so that it can provide high efficiency and low cost for household purposes.

Electrophoretic Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes for Interconnections in Microelectronics

2013 ◽  
Vol 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiew Keat Lim ◽  
Yadong Wang ◽  
Shixin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bond Pads ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

ABSTRACTCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been considered as a promising interconnect material to replace the solder bump used in the flip chip package because of their special electrical, mechanical and thermal properties, which may promote both the performance and reliability of the flip chip packaging. In this paper, electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of CNTs on substrates has been demonstrated for the interconnect application. EPD is a simple, low cost and high throughput process that is capable to produce densely packed film with good homogeneity at low temperature. By altering the electric fields and deposition time during the EPD process, the thickness of the CNTs film could be controlled. In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully coated on the various substrates using the EPD method. A highly uniform CNTs microstructure film with thickness over 5 µm was achieved. In addition, the selective depositions of CNTs on the pre-defined bond pads to form CNTs bumps were also accomplished. By employing typical flip-chip bonding technique, high density CNTs bumps were aligned to form a test chip/host substrate interconnects. The electrical conductivity of the CNTs interconnects was carried out using four-point probe measurement. Reliable electrical contacts with linear relationship in the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic suggesting ohmic behaviour were attained. The overall resistances extracted were also relatively low. These superior electrical properties have demonstrated that the CNTs bumps deposited using EPD method is a viable way to serve as an alternative to current metal solder interconnects material such as Sn-Pb alloys. Hence, it offers a promising interconnect application in the quest for device miniaturization in microelectronic industry.

scholarly journals Neocuspidization of the aortic valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
B. K. Kadyraliev ◽  
V. B. Arutyunyan ◽  
I. I. Chernov ◽  
A. H. Umarov ◽  
K. Yu. Zhigalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Final Approval ◽  
Ideal Approach ◽  
Valve Reconstruction ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
The Ideal

<p>Aortic valve reconstruction remains the ideal approach to treat aortic valve disease, with an aim to increase durability and prevent anticoagulation. Owing to its availability, handling ease, and low cost, autopericardium has been regularly used since the early days of cardiac surgery. Many of these methods have not been standardized yet and are underutilized. One method with promising long-term results is neocuspidization of the aortic valve, as described by Ozaki using glutaraldehyde-fixed autopericardium. Neocuspidization of the aortic valve includes valve prosthetics with its own pericardium. We performed a literature review on aortic valve neocuspidization.</p><p>Received 13 October 2020. Revised 6 November 2020. Accepted 11 November 2020.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p><p><strong>Author contributions</strong><br />Conception and study design: B.K. Kadyraliev, V.B. Arutyunyan, I.I. Chernov, A.H. Umarov, K.Yu. Zhigalov, A. Weymann, S.T. Enginoev<br />Drafting the article: B.K. Kadyraliev, V.B. Arutyunyan, S.T. Enginoev<br />Critical revision of the article: V.B. Arutyunyan, A.H. Umarov, S.T. Enginoev<br />Final approval of the version to be published: B.K. Kadyraliev, V.B. Arutyunyan, I.I. Chernov, A.H. Umarov, K.Yu. Zhigalov, <br />A. Weymann, S.T. Enginoev</p>

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