scholarly journals Diversity and Conservation through Cultivation of Hypoxis in Africa—A Case Study of Hypoxis hemerocallidea

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motiki M. Mofokeng ◽  
Hintsa T. Araya ◽  
Stephen O. Amoo ◽  
David Sehlola ◽  
Christian P. du Plooy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
Wild Harvesting ◽  
Hypoxis Hemerocallidea

Africa has the largest diversity of the genus Hypoxis, accounting for 61% of the current globally accepted taxa within the genus, including some endemic species. Using Hypoxis hemerocallidea as a case study, this review addresses the conservation concerns arising from the unsustainable, wild harvesting of a number of Hypoxis species. Hypoxis hemerocallidea is one of the wild-harvested, economically important, indigenous medicinal plants of southern Africa, with potential in natural product and drug development. There are several products made from the species, including capsules, tinctures, tonics and creams that are available in the market. The use of H. hemerocallidea as a “cure-all” medicine puts an important harvesting pressure on the species. Unsustainable harvesting causes a continuing decline of its populations and it is therefore of high priority for conservation, including a strong case to cultivate the species. Reviewing the current knowledge and gaps on cultivation of H. hemerocallidea, we suggest the creation of a platform for linking all the stakeholders in the industry.

A case study on the Trichoptera fauna of springs in the escarpment mountains of southern Africa (Insecta, Trichoptera)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-311
Author(s):  
WOLFRAM MEY
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Great Escarpment ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

The Trichoptera assemblages of three springs in the escarpment and on the Waterberg of Namibia, and of two springs in the Great Escarpment of South Africa were collected at irregular intervals. The species composition of each spring is presented and discussed in terms of permanence and stability of spring areas. The study has revealed a poor fauna in the Namibian escarpment, which consists of widespread species whereas the springs on the Waterberg and in the Great Escarpment are more speciose and contain relict and possible endemic species as well as widespread and euryoecious species. The differences are due to different degrees of isolation and distance from other freshwater ecosystems and suitable aquatic biotopes in the arid and semiarid environment of southwestern Africa.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN LEMBAR KERJA BERBASIS INKUIRI PADA ANALISIS METABOLIT SEKUNDER BEBERAPA TANAMAN OBAT INDONESIAt

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Shoyang Gadis Supratania ◽  
Saepudin Rahmatullah ◽  
Neneng Windayani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Metabolite Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Design Experiments

Secondary metabolites are part of the discussion of Natural Product Organic Chemistry which demands a practicum process in lectures. This research aims to determine process skills through the application of inquiry-based worksheets on secondary metabolite analysis of three types of Indonesian medicinal plants. In the worksheet, there were several expected goals, including developing students' abilities in designing experiments, conducting experiments, and communicating both orally and in writing. The method used in this research was a One-Shot Case Study with 18 students taking Natural Product Organic Chemistry courses. The instruments used were learning descriptions, inquiry-based worksheets, observation sheets, assessment sheets (psychomotor, presentations, and reports). The results of the worksheet application showed that the students' ability obtain an average value of 84.15 with a very good category. The ability to design experiments, conduct experiments, and communicate orally and in writing obtained results of 77.16 (good categories), 92.50 (very good), and 82.80 (very good), respectively. This inquiry-based worksheet can be used in the study of Natural Product Organic Chemistry, especially in secondary metabolites.

Noncoding RNAs in Medicinal Plants and Their Regulatory Roles in Bioactive Compound Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caili Li ◽  
Meizhen Wang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Qiu ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Shanfa Lu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Regulatory Modules

Background: Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), play significant regulatory roles in plant development and secondary metabolism and are involved in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. They have been intensively studied in model systems and crops for approximately two decades and massive amount of information have been obtained. However, for medicinal plants, ncRNAs, particularly their regulatory roles in bioactive compound biosynthesis, are just emerging as a hot research field. Objective: This review aims to summarize current knowledge on herbal ncRNAs and their regulatory roles in bioactive compound production. Results and Conclusion: So far, scientists have identified thousands of miRNA candidates from over 50 medicinal plant species and 11794 lncRNAs from Salvia miltiorrhiza, Panax ginseng, and Digitalis purpurea. Among them, more than 30 miRNAs and five lncRNAs have been predicted to regulate bioactive compound production. The regulation may achieve through various regulatory modules and pathways, such as the miR397-LAC module, the miR12112-PPO module, the miR156-SPL module, the miR828-MYB module, the miR858-MYB module, and other siRNA and lncRNA regulatory pathways. Further functional analysis of herbal ncRNAs will provide useful information for quality and quantity improvement of medicinal plants.

Reassessment of Tristan da Cunha Gelidium (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) species

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
D. Wilson Freshwater ◽  
Sue Scott ◽  
Enrico M. Tronchin ◽  
Gary W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tristan Da Cunha

AbstractThree endemic species of Gelidium have been described from the remote Tristan da Cunha archipelago. A recent barcode survey of Tristan da Cunha red algae in combination with the clarification of vouchers for previously sequenced specimens has prompted a molecular and morphological reassessment of these species. Analyses of rbcL and COI-5P data indicated that all sequenced Tristan da Cunha specimens represented a single taxon, and furthermore that this genetic group was conspecific with Gelidium micropterum from southern Africa. Morphologically the Tristan da Cunha specimens represented either Gelidium concinnum or Gelidium regulare, and there was a grade of character states between both of these species, as well as G. micropterum. Based on these results the synonymy of G. concinnum and G. regulare under G. micropterum is proposed and an expanded description of G. micropterum provided. None of the studied Tristan da Cunha specimens clearly fit the description of the third endemic species, Gelidium inflexum, and its status could not be determined.

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