scholarly journals Osseous Healing in Surgically Prepared Bone Defects Using Different Grafting Materials: An Experimental Study in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas Titsinides ◽  
Theodore Karatzas ◽  
Despoina Perrea ◽  
Efstathios Eleftheriadis ◽  
Leonidas Podaropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Regeneration of large jaw bone defects still remains a clinical challenge. To avoid incomplete bone repair, bone grafts have been advocated to support the healing process. This study comparatively evaluated new bone formation among a synthetic graft substitute, a human bone derivative, and a bovine xenograft. Materials were placed in 3 out of the 4 bone cavities, while 1 deficit was left empty, serving as a control, in mono-cortical defects, surgically prepared in the porcine calvaria bone. Animals were randomized in 2 groups and euthanized at 8 and 12 weeks. Harvested tissue specimens were qualitatively evaluated by histology. New bone formation was quantitatively measured by histomorphometry. Maximum new bone formation was noticed in defects grafted with beta-tricalcium phosphate b-TCP compared to the other bone substitutes, at 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Bovine and human allograft induced less new bone formation compared to empty bone cavity. Histologic analysis revealed that b-TCP was absorbed and substituted significantly, while bovine and human allograft was maintained almost intact in close proximity with new bone. Based on our findings, higher new bone formation was detected in defects filled with b-TCP when compared to bovine and human graft substitutes.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Illustration: How Newly-Formed Blood Vessels Stopped by the Mineral Blocks of Bone Substitutes Can Be Avoided by Using Innovative Combined Therapeutics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Fabien Bornert ◽  
François Clauss ◽  
Guoqiang Hua ◽  
Ysia Idoux-Gillet ◽  
Laetitia Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Polymeric Component ◽  
Bone Filling

One major limitation for the vascularization of bone substitutes used for filling is the presence of mineral blocks. The newly-formed blood vessels are stopped or have to circumvent the mineral blocks, resulting in inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the implant. This leads to necrosis within the implant and to poor engraftment of the bone substitute. The aim of the present study is to provide a bone substitute currently used in the clinic with suitably guided vascularization properties. This therapeutic hybrid bone filling, containing a mineral and a polymeric component, is fortified with pro-angiogenic smart nano-therapeutics that allow the release of angiogenic molecules. Our data showed that the improved vasculature within the implant promoted new bone formation and that the newly-formed bone swapped the mineral blocks of the bone substitutes much more efficiently than in non-functionalized bone substitutes. Therefore, we demonstrated that our therapeutic bone substitute is an advanced therapeutical medicinal product, with great potential to recuperate and guide vascularization that is stopped by mineral blocks, and can improve the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. We have also elucidated the mechanism to understand how the newly-formed vessels can no longer encounter mineral blocks and pursue their course of vasculature, giving our advanced therapeutical bone filling great potential to be used in many applications, by combining filling and nano-regenerative medicine that currently fall short because of problems related to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

scholarly journals Lack of repair of rat skull critical size defect treated with bovine morphometric protein bound to microgranular bioabsorbable hydroxyapatite

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ramalho Ferreira ◽  
Tania Mary Cestari ◽  
José Mauro Granjeiro ◽  
Rumio Taga
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Granulomatous Reaction ◽  
Post Surgery

The ability of a pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins bound to synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite (BMPb-HA) to stimulate bone repair was determined in rat critical size defects. An 8-mm diameter defect was created in the calvaria of 25 rats. In 15 rats, the defects were filled with BMPb-HA homogenized with blood (experimental group), and in 10 rats the defects were filled only with blood clots (control). The calvariae of experimental rats were collected 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery and of the control rats at the end of surgery and 6 months thereafter. The morphometric results obtained in the radiographs showed an absence of new bone formation at 1 and 3 months post-surgery and, histologically, the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue and numerous foci of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction around hydroxyapatite agglomerates. At the end of 6 months, the number and size of the granulomatous foci decreased and the area of the defects was reduced by 22% compared to the 0-hour control due to the formation of new bone at their borders, although the mean area was similar to the 6-month control. We conclude that the use of BMPb-HA in the treatment of critical size bone defects of the rat skull leads to the formation of a foreign body-type granulomatous reaction that markedly inhibits new bone formation, suggesting that synthetic microgranular hydroxyapatite does not represent a good carrier for BMP-induced bone formation.

Histomorphology on Healing of the Chitosan Membrane and β-TCP on Dental Implant Dehiscence Defects in Dogs

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Y.S. Kim ◽  
Tae Gyun Kim ◽  
Ui Won Jung ◽  
C.S. Kim ◽  
Seong Ho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Autogenous Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Chitosan Membrane ◽  
Space Maintenance ◽  
Experimental Group

Dehiscence bone defects, frequently observed on dental implants placed in periodontitis-affected alveolar bone or extraction sockets were treated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β –TCP) and chitosan membrane for guided bone regeneration, and the new bone formation on the treated sites were studied. Beagle dogs were used for the experiment. First to fourth mandibular premolars were extracted, and the post extraction alveolar bone surface was planed. After 8 weeks of healing, 3 by 4mm dehiscence defects were created using straight fissure burs. Total of 16 oxidized titanium surface implants were placed on the bone defects of the subjects, two on each side. Control sites were treated with implants only. Experimental Group 1 sites were treated with implants and chitosan membrane. Experimental Group 2 sites were treated with implants, β-TCP and chitosan membrane. Experimental Group 3 sites were treated with implants, β-TCP, autogenous bone and chitosan membrane. The animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after implant placement, and the specimens from the treated sites were histologically studied with following results. Limited amount of new bone formation was observed in control group with unexposed membrane. Slightly greater amount of bone formation was observed on sites treated with β-TCP+membrane or autogenous bone+ β-TCP+membrane compared to control group. Remnants of chitosan membrane and β-TCP encapsulated with connective tissue were observed during experimental periods. These results suggest that further studies are needed on membrane rigidity and infection control for space maintenance underneath the membrane and bone substitutes in the treatment of dehiscence defects.

scholarly journals Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Ceramic Alloplastic Granules or Paste: An Experimental Study in Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Michael Medeiros Costa ◽  
Daniele Botticelli ◽  
Ofer Moses ◽  
Yuki Omori ◽  
Shigeo Fujiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Alloplastic Material ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Sinus Augmentation ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Sinus Lifting ◽  
Points Of View

Background: Due to the lack of data comparing the biological behavior of two formulations, granules and paste, of alloplastic graft from microtomographic and histomorphometric points of view, the aim of the present experiment was to compare the histomorphometric and microtomographic healing of two formulations, i.e., granules (MR sites) or paste (MR-inject sites) of an alloplastic graft composed of a combination of beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite used for maxillary sinus lifting. Methods: A sinus lifting procedure was carried out bilaterally in 20 rabbits, and the elevated space was filled with either paste or granules of an alloplastic material. A collagen membrane was placed on the antrostomy and the animals were euthanized after 2 or 10 weeks, 10 animals each group. Microtomographic and histological analyses were performed. Results: Higher proportions of new bone formation were found at the MR, compared to the MR-inject sites both after 2 weeks (2.65 ± 2.89% vs. 0.08 ± 0.12%; p < 0.01) and 10 weeks of healing (34.20 ± 13.86 vs. 23.28 ± 10.35%; p = 0.022). Conclusions: It was concluded that new bone formation was faster in the MR sites, compared to the MR-inject. However, a longer time of healing should be allowed to make final conclusions about the efficiency in bone formation of the paste formulation of the biomaterial used in the present study.

A novel methodology for imaging new bone formation around bioceramic bone substitutes

2007 ◽  
Vol 81A (2) ◽  
pp. 443-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Gorustovich ◽  
Matías G. Sivak ◽  
María B. Guglielmotti
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
New Bone Formation

scholarly journals Physical and Histological Comparison of Hydroxyapatite, Carbonate Apatite, and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Ishikawa ◽  
Youji Miyamoto ◽  
Akira Tsuchiya ◽  
Koichiro Hayashi ◽  
Kanji Tsuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Carbonate Apatite ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation

Three commercially available artificial bone substitutes with different compositions, hydroxyapatite (HAp; Neobone®), carbonate apatite (CO3Ap; Cytrans®), and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Cerasorb®), were compared with respect to their physical properties and tissue response to bone, using hybrid dogs. Both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were porous, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) was dense. Crystallite size and specific surface area (SSA) of Neobone® (HAp), Cytrans® (CO3Ap), and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were 75.4 ± 0.9 nm, 30.8 ± 0.8 nm, and 78.5 ± 7.5 nm, and 0.06 m2/g, 18.2 m2/g, and 1.0 m2/g, respectively. These values are consistent with the fact that both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) are sintered ceramics, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) is fabricated in aqueous solution. Dissolution in pH 5.3 solution mimicking Howship’s lacunae was fastest in CO3Ap (Cytrans®), whereas dissolution in pH 7.3 physiological solution was fastest in β-TCP (Cerasorb®). These results indicated that CO3Ap is stable under physiological conditions and is resorbed at Howship’s lacunae. Histological evaluation using hybrid dog mandible bone defect model revealed that new bone was formed from existing bone to the center of the bone defect when reconstructed with CO3Ap (Cytrans®) at week 4. The amount of bone increased at week 12, and resorption of the CO3Ap (Cytrans®) was confirmed. β-TCP (Cerasorb®) showed limited bone formation at week 4. However, a larger amount of bone was observed at week 12. Among these three bone substitutes, CO3Ap (Cytrans®) demonstrated the highest level of new bone formation. These results indicate the possibility that bone substitutes with compositions similar to that of bone may have properties similar to those of bone.

scholarly journals Preliminary in Vivo Evaluation of Bone Healing in Critical Size Bone Defects Implanted with an Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Nor Zarida Che Seman ◽  
Zamzuri Zakaria ◽  
Zunariah Buyong ◽  
Mohd Shukrimi Awang ◽  
Ahmad Razali Md Ralib @ Md Raghib
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement ◽  
Rabbit Tibia

Introduction: A novel injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (osteopaste) has been developed. Its potential application in orthopaedics as a filler of bone defects has been studied. The biomaterial was composed of tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) powder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the healing process of osteopaste in rabbit tibia. Materials and method: The implantation procedure was carried out on thirty-nine of New Zealand white rabbits. The in vivo bone formation was investigated by either implanting the Osteopaste, Jectos or MIIG – X3 into a critical size defect (CSD) model in the proximal tibial metaphysis. CSD without treatment served as negative control. After 1 day, 6 and 12 weeks, the rabbits were euthanized, the bone were harvested and subjected for analysis. Results: Radiological images and histological sections revealed integration of implants with bone tissue with no signs of graft rejection. There was direct contact between osteopaste material and host bone. The new bone was seen bridging the defect. Conclusion: The result showed that Osteopaste could be a new promising biomaterial for bone repair and has a potential in bone tissue engineering.

Enhanced Effects of New Bone Formation by an Electrically Polarized Hydroxyapatite Microgranule/Platelet-Rich Plasma Composite Gel

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiko Ohba ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Soichiro Itoh ◽  
Akiko Nagai ◽  
Kimihiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Electrical Polarization ◽  
Osteogenic Cells ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Composite Gel

The effects of electrically polarized HA microgranule/PRP compositeon new bone formation were examined. The composite gel was implanted into bone holes in rabbits. Histological examination was performed 3 and 6 weeks post-surgery. It was hypothesized that PRP alone could not induce new bone formation until 6 weeks after implantation. HA microgranules with or without electrical polarization/PRP composite, especially the former, activated osteogenic cells, resulting in enhanced bone formation. It was confirmed that electrical polarization treatment of HA microgranules can accelerate new bone formation and this effect is enhanced by forming a complex within PRP.

Bioactivity of the Two Kinds of Biodegradable Composite Membrane Containing Oriented Needle-Like Apatite

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Itoh ◽  
Seiji Ban ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
Shozo Tsuruta ◽  
Takahiro Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Old Mice

It is well known that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) induces bone formation and requires for carriers. Poly-lactic acid / poly-glycolic acid (PLGA) is frequently used as the carriers of BMP. We developed a biodegradable composite PLGA membrane, which was containing oriented needle-like apatite with BMP. The composite membranes were implanted into the thigh muscle pouch of 3-week-old-mice. At 3 weeks after implantation, the implanted area was observed by optical microscopy. The composite membrane containing oriented needle-like apatite with BMP induced new bone formation. It seems that this composite membrane might be a scaffold of BMP and promoting the healing of bone defects.

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