scholarly journals Impact of Road Geometry on Vehicle Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions: An Energy-Efficiency Rating Methodology

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Manuel Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Fuel Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Microsimulation Models ◽  
The Impact

This study presents a methodology for classifying road traffic energy efficiency. The indicators defined discriminate the impact of the road vertical and horizontal alignments upon energy consumption, disclosing the improvement potential of the road as a function of the traffic origin–destination matrix. The methodologic approach is based on basic physical principals, thus guarantying its generality, as opposed to the usual empirical mesoscale approaches. A simplified algebraic procedure is also proposed, resorting to simplified driving cycles and a constant speed assumption (CSA), thus avoiding the intricacy of microscale/microsimulation models. The simplified methodology was validated against field data acquired on the Portuguese highway A25. A microscale vehicle specific power analysis combined with detailed fuel models is compared against CSA results. The findings demonstrate its adequacy for free-flow traffic conditions and the importance of classifying road traffic energy-efficiency. For the case studied, it was found that 49.5% of the round trip propulsive energy expended by a 37-ton truck on the A25, a modern road, was degraded as heat through braking. The difference found between the microscale analysis and CSA approach is 0.8%, despite the speed unevenness, varying between 32 and 96 km/h, with a standard deviation of 24% of the average speed.

scholarly journals TO DETERMINING THE PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLES IN THE CONTEXT OF URBAN MOBILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Kostian N ◽  
◽  
ŚMIESZEK M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
The Road ◽  
Set Up

Transport flows, which go through the street-road grid of the city, in combination with external factors that affect their movement, set up the system, the operation of which requires adjustment to optimal modes. The article proposes an approach to evaluate the efficiency of traffic organization in terms of urban mobility according to the criteria of their energy efficiency and productivity. The approach is based on the principles of morphological analysis of the traffic flow system, which identifies five main functional elements of the system: car, traffic flow, road, traffic controls and traffic environment. Twenty-two significant morphological features, both quantitative and qualitative, have been identified for morphological elements, for which variants of their implementation have been set. Quantitative meters have been identified for qualitative features, which will allow the synthesis of typical system structures and determine their optimal modes of operation. The total number of possible structures of the system reaches 1,7496·1014. The morphological characteristics unambiguously correspond to the parameters of the system of objective functions, the increments of which during the solution of the optimization problem are components of the integrated criterion of vehicle efficiency. Driving vehicles in optimal conditions will reduce energy consumption and increase their productivity, reduce traffic congestion, improve the environmental condition of the roadside environment and reduce the level of road hazards. The results of morphological analysis should be used in the process of statistical analysis of system parameters in order to develop adequate nonlinear mathematical models with set of output parameters to control the current and forecast future conditions of the system at different levels of detail of the road network. KEYWORDS: MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, TRANSPORT FLOW, EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLES, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTIVITY.

scholarly journals Extracting Road Traffic Volume in the City before and during covid-19 through Video Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2329
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Macioszek ◽  
Agata Kurek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Characteristics ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Continuous, automatic measurements of road traffic volume allow the obtaining of information on daily, weekly or seasonal fluctuations in road traffic volume. They are the basis for calculating the annual average daily traffic volume, obtaining information about the relevant traffic volume, or calculating indicators for converting traffic volume from short-term measurements to average daily traffic volume. The covid-19 pandemic has contributed to extensive social and economic anomalies worldwide. In addition to the health consequences, the impact on travel behavior on the transport network was also sudden, extensive, and unpredictable. Changes in the transport behavior resulted in different values of traffic volume on the road and street network than before. The article presents road traffic volume analysis in the city before and during the restrictions related to covid-19. Selected traffic characteristics were compared for 2019 and 2020. This analysis made it possible to characterize the daily, weekly and annual variability of traffic volume in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, the article attempts to estimate daily traffic patterns at particular stages of the pandemic. These types of patterns were also constructed for the weeks in 2019 corresponding to these stages of the pandemic. Daily traffic volume distributions in 2020 were compared with the corresponding ones in 2019. The obtained results may be useful in terms of planning operational and strategic activities in the field of traffic management in the city and management in subsequent stages of a pandemic or subsequent pandemics.

scholarly journals Cooperative UAV Scheme for Enhancing Video Transmission and Global Network Energy Efficiency

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cumino ◽  
Wellington Lobato Junior ◽  
Thais Tavares ◽  
Hugo Santos ◽  
Denis Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Network Partitioning ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Impact

Collaboration between multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to set up a Flying Ad Hoc Network (FANET) is a growing trend since future applications claim for more autonomous and rapid deployable systems. The user experience on watching videos transmitted over FANETs should always be satisfactory even under influence of topology changes caused by the energy consumption of UAVs. In addition, the FANET must keep the UAVs cooperating as much as possible during a mission. However, one of the main challenges in FANET is how to mitigate the impact of limited energy resources of UAVs on the FANET operation in order to monitor the environment for a long period of time. In this sense, UAV replacement is required in order to avoid the premature death of nodes, network disconnections, route failures, void areas, and low-quality video transmissions. In addition, decision-making must take into account energy consumption associated with UAV movements, since they are generally quite energy-intensive. This article proposes a cooperative UAV scheme for enhancing video transmission and global energy efficiency called VOEI. The main goal of VOEI is to maintain the video with QoE support while supporting the nodes with a good connectivity quality level and flying for a long period of time. Based on an Software Defined Network (SDN) paradigm, the VOEI assumes the existence of a centrailized controller node to compute reliable and energy-efficiency routes, as well as detects the appropriate moment for UAV replacement by considering global FANET context information to provide energy-efficiency operations. Based on simulation results, we conclude that VOEI can effectively mitigate the energy challenges of FANET, since it provides energy-efficiency operations, avoiding network death, route failure, and void area, as well as network partitioning compared to state-of-the-art algorithm. In addition, VOEI delivers videos with suitable Quality of Experience (QoE) to end-users at any time, which is not achieved by the state-of-the-art algorithm.

scholarly journals A case study of butterfly road kills from Anaikatty Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 8154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Sony ◽  
P. R. Arun
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Road Mortality ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Road ◽  
Background Population ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong> </strong>Anaikatty Hills of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu witness the annual spectacle of mass movement of lakhs of butterflies.  The present paper examines the impact of vehicular traffic on this ‘butterfly migration’ through a survey of butterfly mortality along a road stretch in Anaikatty Hills.  A high rate of mortality due to road traffic was observed during the mass movement of butterflies.  One-hundred-and-thirty-five butterfly road kills belonging to three families, nine genera and 12 species were recorded during the study.  The proportion of nymphalid butterflies among the road kills (70%) was very high compared to their respective share in the background population (39%), indicating a higher road mortality risk for nymphalids.  The conservation significance of the road traffic impact on butterfly assemblage and management options are discussed.</p><div> </div>

Analysis of China’s Provincial Energy Efficiency Based on the Generalized DEA Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 890-895
Author(s):  
Hui Min Li ◽  
Cun Bin Li ◽  
Zhan Xin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, with the rapid economic growth, the demand on the amount of energy in China is increasing. So the problem of how to improve the energy utilization efficiency and save energy consumption has to be tackled. The traditional CCR model and BCC model used in the study of provincial energy efficiency do not take the impact of technological progress into consideration. Therefore, the paper uses the generalized DEA method to research the energy utilization efficiency of China’s 29 provinces, that is, to evaluate and analyze the energy utilization efficiency by selecting the capital stock, employment and total energy consumption of China’s provinces as input factors and GDP, per capital GDP as output factors, and then draw tables showing each province’s change of average annual overall efficiency and the pure technology changes, and finally analyze the regularities underlying these changes.

scholarly journals How Much Energy Efficient are Renewable Energy Sources Cooperatives’ Initiatives?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Sifakis ◽  
Tryfon Daras ◽  
Theocharis Tsoutsos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Green Consumption ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Actual Energy Consumption

In this paper is provided a systematic, in-depth, behavioral analysis of renewable energy sources cooperatives’ members. The analysis proved that in, on hand, there was a noticeable difference in the portion of affection of each proposed intervention on the actual energy consumption, which may be to even ten times more in some cases, and on the other hand, the difference in energy consumption between the analyzed groups was noticeable as well. So, implementing energy efficiency interventions of various types, such as technical support, special tariffs, energy generation schemes, and smart meters, seems to lead to substantial energy reductions to even more than 10%, cumulatively, and reduces the environmental footprint. Additionally, the majority of energy efficiency interventions applied by the renewable energy sources cooperatives are proved to be effective in achieving their primary goal, sensitizing members, and leading them to a more efficient energy consumption behavior (“greener”). The results of the analysis showed that each proposed intervention had played a different but nonetheless significant role in the diminishing of the energy consumption of the members and that there was a noticeable difference in energy consumption between the analyzed groups. The results of the analysis demonstrated more than 22 GWh totally in green consumption, and almost 4500 tons of CO2 saved.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Stakeholders in the Energy Efficiency of Higher Education Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8908
Author(s):  
Rubén Garrido-Yserte ◽  
María-Teresa Gallo-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have a huge potential to save energy as they are significantly more energy-intensive in comparison with commercial offices and manufacturing premises. This paper provides an overview of the chief actions of sustainability and energy efficiency addressed by the University of Alcalá (Madrid, Spain). The policies implemented have shifted the University of Alcalá (UAH) to become the top-ranking university in Spain and one of the leading universities internationally on environmentally sustainable practices. The paper highlights two key elements. First, the actions adopted by the managerial teams, and second, the potential of public–private collaboration when considering different stakeholders. A descriptive study is developed through document analysis. The results show that energy consumption per user and energy consumption per area first fall and are then maintained, thereby contributing to meeting the objectives of the Spanish Government’s Action Plan for Energy Saving and Efficiency (2011–2020). Because of the research approach, the results cannot be generalized. However, the paper fulfils an identified need to study the impact of HEIs and their stakeholders on sustainable development through initiatives in saving energy on their campuses and highlights the role of HEIs as test laboratories for the introduction of innovations in this field (monitoring, sensing, and reporting, among others).

scholarly journals Studies on the impact of the technical characteristics of local roads on road safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Stanisław Gaca ◽  
Mariusz Kieć
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Accident Prediction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Access Road ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Local roads (district roads) constitute an important part of the road network in Poland, making up around 29.7 % (124,945 km) of all public roads. In 2017, 10,578 accidents, which is 35.7% of all accidents in Poland, took place on local roads. These roads are used primarily by regular users who are very familiar with the defects of these roads. This means that the effects of the low technical standard of local roads and the insufficient number of road traffic devices on the safety on the road can be partly compensated for by the fact that drivers adjust their behaviour to the conditions on the road. This hypothesis can be verified through developing dependency models of road safety measures of local roads’ and technical characteristics. The article presents the research carried out based on regression models of accident prediction. The models were developed with the use of the data on the road surroundings arrangement (built-up areas, access), road condition and the extent of signposting, including data on speed limits and overtaking as well as risk exposure variables. Due to the incomplete data on accidents and the small number of accidents, different approaches to the modelling of the number of road accidents were applied.

City Occupancy and Road Capacity Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 1538-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lin Fan ◽  
Bei Chen Cheng ◽  
Li Li Cao ◽  
Kun Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Traffic Capacity ◽  
Capacity Model ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accident Case

In this paper, we study the impact of city driveway occupancy on the urban road traffic capacity. Through the analysis of the scene of an accident case, we gained the vehicle statistics within a cross section in unit time and then did calculation and simulation. The work is concluded as a reasonable model of vehicle queue relationship evaluation.First, on the base of the definition of traffic capacity, statistics of the cars in the cross section before the accident, during the accident and after the accident have been respectively acquired in unit time (1 min). Then we employ Matlab to do the interpolation fitting, drawing the change of actual capacity of the road from the beginning time of an accident to the time when traffic resumes. The work comes to a conclusion that the change of the capacity at the cross section has a pattern of periodic fluctuation.

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