scholarly journals The Effect of Salt on Stability of Aqueous Foams

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Oyindamola Obisesan ◽  
Ramadan Ahmed ◽  
Mahmood Amani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Content ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Aqueous Foams ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measured Pressure ◽  
Foam Rheology

The properties of foams are often affected by environmental variables such as salt contamination. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of salt on the drainage behavior of aqueous foams. To accomplish this objective, drainage experiments were conducted on aqueous foams. Test variables were foam quality (40–65%), and salt content (0% to 18%), and type. To investigate drainage, the foam was generated in a flow loop and trapped in a vertical test section. Then, the pressure profile in the foam column was measured using ten pressure sensors. Foam drainage is determined as a function of time using measured pressure profiles. The results show that the drainage of NaCl-containing foams decreased with foam quality, whereas the CaCl2-containing foams did not exhibit a clear trend with foam quality. The effect of salt content on foam rheology was minimal.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the Draw Resistance Across a Lit Cigarette

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Colard ◽  
S Julien
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
System A ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Measured Pressure ◽  
Theory And Experiments

AbstractThe consumer senses and reacts to the draw resistance of the cigarette after it is lit. In spite of this obvious fact, this physical parameter is usually measured under standard conditions on the unlit cigarette (1). In order to evaluate more accurately the smokers’ perception during the course of cigarette smoking, the theoretical aspects of the draw resistance measurement of a lit cigarette have been studied and an experimental device has been developed.During puffing on a smoking machine, the variation of the pressure in the cigarette holder is influenced by several parameters which are independent of the characteristics of the cigarette itself, such as the airflow and the experimental device characteristics. Theory and experiments show that the saturation of the Cambridge filter pad and the dead volume, in the sample holder and connection tubes, significantly modify the measured pressure at the mouth end. The impact of these modifications can be minimized by the calculation of a single parameter which is characteristic of the draw resistance of the cigarette, and derived from the evolution of pressure over time. In addition, the integration of the measured pressure profile during each puff provides another way for the draw resistance assessment and gives a value related to the energy required to generate each of them.An experimental device has been developed using a oneport smoking machine, a cigarette holder with a connection for a pressure sensor, an analog-to-digital converter and a recorder. For the calibration of the system, a procedure using multi-capillary pressure drop standards composed of capillary tubes is discussed.Finally, the developed device and approach enabled the measurement and the recording of the draw resistance evolution over the time as the cigarette burns, and thus a better assessment of the potential smokers’ sensation during smoking.

Application of Rock Mechanics Parameters to Obtain Formation Pressure

2012 ◽  
Vol 239-240 ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
Yong Tian ◽  
Hai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mechanics ◽  
Stress Testing ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Triaxial Tests ◽  
Formation Pressure ◽  
Testing Instrument ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Formation Pore Pressure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measured Pressure

Using triaxial tests of rock mechanics on stress testing instrument to analyze the results of its parameters, and obstained the the region that was consistent with the transformation between static and dynamic rock mechanics, the relationship between formation pore pressure and rock mechanical parameters, the pressure profile in the basis of rock mechanics parameters, etc. Combination of logging information and data, the method was identified which was in line with the use of rock mechanics parameters to strike a formation pressure. Using this method, I have analysised the formation pressure profiles of several wells in a block, and established the corresponding formation pressure detection section and the section of rock mechanics. The tested pressure and the measured pressure were compared more than 85% accuracy.

scholarly journals Study of Three Interface Pressure Measurement Systems Used in the Treatment of Venous Disease

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5777
Author(s):  
Gayani K. Nandasiri ◽  
Arash M. Shahidi ◽  
Tilak Dias
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Compression Bandages ◽  
Pressure Profiles

The aim of the publication is to report the accuracy, repeatability and the linearity of three commercially available interface pressure measurement systems employed in the treatment of venous disease. The advances in the treatment and management of chronic venous disease by compression therapy have led to considerable research interest in interface pressure measurement systems capable of measuring low-pressure ranges (10–60 mmHg). The application of a graduated pressure profile is key for the treatment of chronic venous disease which is achieved by using compression bandages or stockings; the required pressure profiles are defined in standards (BSI, RAL-GZ, or AFNOR) for different conditions. However, achieving the recommended pressure levels and its accuracy is still deemed to be a challenge. Thus, it is vital to choose a suitable pressure measurement system with high accuracy of interface pressure. The authors investigated the sensing performance of three commercially available different pressure sensors: two pneumatic based (AMI and PicoPress®) and one piezoresistive (FlexiForce®) pressure sensors, with extensive experimental work on their performance in terms of linearity, repeatability, and accuracy. Both pneumatic based pressure measurement systems have shown higher accuracy in comparison to the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors.

scholarly journals Assessing Architecture-and-Landscape Integration as a Basis for Evaluating the Impact of Construction Projects on the Cultural Landscape of Tourist Seaside Resorts

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wojciech Bal ◽  
Magdalena Czalczynska-Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
Construction Plans ◽  
The Impact

The coastline of Western Pomerania has natural and cultural assets that have promoted the development of tourism, but also require additional measures to ensure the traditional features and characteristics are protected. This is to ensure that new developments conform to a more uniform set of spatial structures which are in line with the original culture. Today, seaside resorts are characterized by a rapid increase in development with a clear trend towards non-physiognomic architectural forms which continually expand and encroach on land closer to the coastline. This results in a blurring of the original concepts that characterized the founding seaside resort. This study evaluates 11 development projects (including a range of hotels, luxury residential buildings and hotel suites) built in 2009–2020 in the coastal area of Western Pomerania. An assessment of architecture-and-landscape integration for each development project was made, using four groups of evaluation criteria: aesthetic, socio-cultural, functional and locational factors. The study methodology included a historical and interpretative study (iconology, iconography, historiography) and an examination of architecture-and-landscape integration using a pre-prepared evaluation form. Each criterion was first assessed using both field surveys and desk research (including the analysis of construction plans and developer materials), and then compared with the original, traditional qualities of the town. This study demonstrates that it is possible to clearly identify the potential negative impact of tourism development on the cultural landscape of seaside resorts, and provides recommendations for future shaping, management and conservation of the landscape.

THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE PROFILES IN HYPERTENSIVE SUBJECTS IS AGE DEPENDENT: PP.3.104

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. e79
Author(s):  
S Hoshide ◽  
Y Yano ◽  
M Shimizu ◽  
T Kabutoya ◽  
Y Matsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Propagation of radiosonde pressure sensor errors to ozonesonde measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Stauffer ◽  
G. A. Morris ◽  
A. M. Thompson ◽  
E. Joseph ◽  
G. J. R. Coetzee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Sensor Errors ◽  
Subsequent Addition ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Several previous studies highlight pressure (or equivalently, pressure altitude) discrepancies between the radiosonde pressure sensor and that derived from a GPS flown with the radiosonde. The offsets vary during the ascent both in absolute and percent pressure differences. To investigate this problem further, a total of 731 radiosonde/ozonesonde launches from the Southern Hemisphere subtropics to northern mid-latitudes are considered, with launches between 2005 and 2013 from both longer term and campaign-based intensive stations. Five series of radiosondes from two manufacturers (International Met Systems: iMet, iMet-P, iMet-S, and Vaisala: RS80-15N and RS92-SGP) are analyzed to determine the magnitude of the pressure offset. Additionally, electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes from three manufacturers (Science Pump Corporation; SPC and ENSCI/Droplet Measurement Technologies; DMT) are analyzed to quantify the effects these offsets have on the calculation of ECC ozone (O3) mixing ratio profiles (O3MR) from the ozonesonde-measured partial pressure. Approximately half of all offsets are > ±0.6 hPa in the free troposphere, with nearly a third > ±1.0 hPa at 26 km, where the 1.0 hPa error represents ~ 5% of the total atmospheric pressure. Pressure offsets have negligible effects on O3MR below 20 km (96% of launches lie within ±5% O3MR error at 20 km). Ozone mixing ratio errors above 10 hPa (~ 30 km), can approach greater than ±10% (> 25% of launches that reach 30 km exceed this threshold). These errors cause disagreement between the integrated ozonesonde-only column O3 from the GPS and radiosonde pressure profile by an average of +6.5 DU. Comparisons of total column O3 between the GPS and radiosonde pressure profiles yield average differences of +1.1 DU when the O3 is integrated to burst with addition of the McPeters and Labow (2012) above-burst O3 column climatology. Total column differences are reduced to an average of −0.5 DU when the O3 profile is integrated to 10 hPa with subsequent addition of the O3 climatology above 10 hPa. The RS92 radiosondes are superior in performance compared to other radiosondes, with average 26 km errors of −0.12 hPa or +0.61% O3MR error. iMet-P radiosondes had average 26 km errors of −1.95 hPa or +8.75 % O3MR error. Based on our analysis, we suggest that ozonesondes always be coupled with a GPS-enabled radiosonde and that pressure-dependent variables, such as O3MR, be recalculated/reprocessed using the GPS-measured altitude, especially when 26 km pressure offsets exceed ±1.0 hPa/±5%.

Impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality for field plots on a range of soil and spoil materials on central Queensland coal mines

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carroll ◽  
L. Merton ◽  
P. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Mine Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Field Plots

In 1993, a field study commenced to determine the impact of vegetative cover and slope on runoff, erosion, and water quality at 3 open-cut coal mine sites. Runoff, sediment, and water quality were measured on 0.01-ha field plots from 3 slope gradients (10, 20, 30%), with pasture and tree treatments imposed on soil and spoil material, and 2 soil and spoil plots left bare. The greatest soil erosion occurred before pasture cover established, when a large surface area of soil (>0.5 plot area) was exposed to rainfall and overland flow. Once buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) colonised soil plots, there were negligible differences in soil erosion between slope gradients. On spoil, Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) reduced in situ soluble salt content, and reduced runoff electrical conductivity to levels measured in surrounding creeks. Where spoil crusted there was poor vegetative growth and unacceptably large runoff and erosion rates throughout the study.

scholarly journals Estimation of Impact From Surface Runoff on Water Objects in Urban Landscape Conditions

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

The quality of surface water remains an important issue today. This is particularly acute for water bodies located in the urban-basin geosystems. Purpose. To estimate pressure of atmospheric precipitation within the urban landscape basin geosystem on the river water (by example of the Kharkiv river). Methods. Field landscaping, ecological, landscape-geochemical; analytical; system analysis; chemical analytical; statistical Results. An assessment of the state of surface waters under the impact from the surface runoff of atmospheric origin during 2014-2016, and partly from 2017-2019, formed under the influence of the transport (partly residential) subsystem of the urban area and surface waters in Kharkiv. On the salt content, the characteristic of water quality is "moderately polluted" (1,6); on the tropho-saprobiological indicators, the quality of water is characterized as "polluted" (from 3.1 to 2.75 along the river). It is in this context the impact of waters, which is formed in the conditions of the urban environment for the quality of natural waters, is well demonstrated. The presence of high values of pollutants and natural factors. The assessment of the quality of water on the content of specific indicators is "moderately polluted" (from 2.28 to 1.85). Conclusions. The water of the Kharkiv region, which has a strong influence from the urban environment, has a grade III quality; the water is "moderately polluted". Environmental assessment indicates the impact of surface runoff already on the middle part of the river, which increases in accordance with the conditions of the operation of urban landscapes and anthropogenic (transport) load.

scholarly journals Isolating In-Situ Grip and Push Force Distribution from Hand-Handle Contact Pressure with an Industrial Electric Nutrunner

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 8120
Author(s):  
Cederick Landry ◽  
Daniel Loewen ◽  
Harish Rao ◽  
Brendan L. Pinto ◽  
Robert Bahensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grip Force ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measured Pressure

Objectives: Grip force during hand tool operation is the primary contributor to tendon strain and related wrist injuries, whereas push force is a contributor to shoulder injuries. However, both cannot be directly measured using a single measurement instrument. The objective of this research was to develop and test an algorithm to isolate the grip and push force distributions from in-situ hand-handle pressure measurements and to quantify their distributions among industrial workers using an electric nutrunner. Methods: Experienced automobile assembly line workers used an industrial nutrunner to tighten fasteners at various locations and postures. The pressure applied by the hand on the tool handle was measured dynamically using pressure sensors mounted on the handle. An algorithm was developed to compute the push force applied to the handle of an electric pistol-grip nutrunner based on recorded pressure measurements. An optimization problem was solved to find the contribution of each measured pressure to the actual pushing force of the tool. Finally, the grip force was determined from the difference between the measured pressure and the calculated pushing pressure. Results: The grip force and push force were successfully isolated and there was no correlation between the two forces. The computed grip force increased from low to high fastener locations, whereas the push force significantly increased during overhead fastening. A significant difference across the participants’ computed grip forces was observed. The grip force distribution showed that its contribution to total hand force was larger than other definitions in the literature. Conclusions: The developed algorithm can aid in better understanding the risk of injury associated with different tasks through the notion of grip and push force distribution. This was shown to be important as even workers with considerable power tool experience applied significantly more grip and push force than other participants, all of whom successfully completed each task. Moreover, the fact that both forces were uncorrelated shows the need for extracting them independently.

scholarly journals Swirler geometry effects (dh/do ratio) on synthetic gas flames. Part 2: dynamic flame behaviour at external y altered acoustic conditions

Energetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harun Yilmaz ◽  
Omer Cam ◽  
Ilker Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Acoustic Boundary Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Damping ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Flame Response ◽  
Scale Variable ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Flame Behaviour

In a combustion device, unsteady heat release causes acoustic energy to increase when acoustic damping (energy loss) is not that effective, and, as a result, thermo-acoustic flame instabilities occur. In this study, effects of the swirler dh/do ratio (at different swirl numbers) on dynamic flame behaviour of the premixed 20%CNG/30%H2/30%CO/20%CO2 mixture under externally altered acoustic boundary conditions and stability limits (flashback and blowout equivalence ratios) of such mixture were investigated in a laboratory-scale variable geometric swirl number combustor. Therefore, swirl generators with different dh/do ratios (0.3 and 0.5) and geometric swirl numbers (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 1.2 and 1.4) were designed and manufactured. Acoustic boundary conditions in the combustion chamber were altered using loudspeakers, and flame response to these conditions was perceived using photodiodes and pressure sensors. Dynamic flame behaviour of respective mixture was evaluated using luminous intensity and pressure profiles. Results showed that the dh/do ratio has a minor impact on dynamic flame behaviour.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document