scholarly journals The Car-Following Model and Its Applications in the V2X Environment: A Historical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Junyan Han ◽  
Huili Shi ◽  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xiaoyuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Traffic Flow Theory ◽  
Interaction Relationship

The application of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology has resulted in the traffic environment being different from how it was in the past. In the V2X environment, the information perception ability of the driver–vehicle unit is greatly enhanced. With V2X technology, the driver–vehicle unit can obtain a massive amount of traffic information and is able to form a connection and interaction relationship between multiple vehicles and themselves. In the traditional car-following models, only the dual-vehicle interaction relationship between the object vehicle and its preceding vehicle was considered, making these models unable to be employed to describe the car-following behavior in the V2X environment. As one of the core components of traffic flow theory, research on car-following behavior needs to be further developed. First, the development process of the traditional car-following models is briefly reviewed. Second, previous research on the impacts of V2X technology, car-following models in the V2X environment, and the applications of these models, such as the calibration of the model parameters, the analysis of traffic flow characteristics, and the methods that are used to estimate a vehicle’s energy consumption and emissions, are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the achievements and shortcomings of these studies along with trends that require further exploration are discussed. The results that were determined here can provide a reference for the further development of traffic flow theory, personalized advanced driving assistance systems, and anthropopathic autonomous-driving vehicles.

Flow Characteristics on Shared Hiking/Biking/Jogging Trails

1998 ◽  
Vol 1636 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Virkler ◽  
Rajesh Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Traffic Flow Theory ◽  
Flow Situation

Trails shared by hikers, bicyclists, and joggers present the unusual traffic flow situation of a facility serving three classes of users with distinctly different flow characteristics. Data on typical trail volumes are summarized. A procedure developed by Botma to describe quality of flow on shared pedestrian/bicycle paths is then discussed. Data from two sites, the MKT Trail in Columbia, Missouri, and a riverside trail in Brisbane, Australia, were collected to describe speed and passing time characteristics on shared trails. The frequency of desired overtakings (passes) and potential conflicts on trails are estimated based on measured speeds and passing times using basic relationships of traffic flow theory. These estimates are then compared with measured values of overtaking frequency and delayed overtakings. The estimates for passing demand and potential conflicts were higher than the measured values for hikers passing hikers and joggers passing hikers. However, estimates for bike passing bike, bike passing jogger, bike passing hiker, and jogger passing jogger were found to be similar to the measured values. The results support the Botma framework for describing quality of flow on shared pedestrian/bicycle paths.

scholarly journals Modelling of Driver and Pedestrian Behaviour – A Historical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-745
Author(s):  
Karlo Babojelić ◽  
Luka Novacko
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Behaviour Models

Driver and pedestrian behaviour significantly affect the safety and the flow of traffic at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The driver behaviour models describe the driver decisions made in different traffic flow conditions. Modelling the pedestrian behaviour plays an essential role in the analysis of pedestrian flows in the areas such as public transit terminals, pedestrian zones, evacuations, etc. Driver behaviour models, integrated into simulation tools, can be divided into car-following models and lane-changing models. The simulation tools are used to replicate traffic flows and infer certain regularities. Particular model parameters must be appropriately calibrated to approximate the realistic traffic flow conditions. This paper describes the existing car-following models, lane-changing models, and pedestrian behaviour models. Further, it underlines the importance of calibrating the parameters of microsimulation models to replicate realistic traffic flow conditions and sets the guidelines for future research related to the development of new models and the improvement of the existing ones.

scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF ROAD CAPACITY OF GREENSHIELD MODEL, GREENBERG MODEL AND UNDERWOOD MODEL TOWARD MKJI 1997 CALCULATION ON THE JENDRAL SUDIRMAN ROAD, BATANG

Pondasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Farhan Sholahudin ◽  
Abdul Rochim
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Traffic Flow Theory ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Estimation Capacity ◽  
Capacity Calculation ◽  
Traffic Behavior

Jendral Sudirman road is one of the streets in Batang Regency which has function as primary artery and it has main access to connect vital locations. It makes Jendral Sudirman road has several transportation problems. In the planning, design and establishment of various transportation system policies, traffic flow theory of movement has very important role. To facilitate the application of traffic flow theory of movement used a mathematical approach which was used to analyze the phenomenon that took place in the traffic flow. One of approach ways to comprehend the traffic behavior was by verifying it into mathematical and graphics relationships with observing to the relationship among the speed (S), density (D) and volume (V) traffic.The objective of this study was to determine traffic flow characteristics on Jendral Sudirman Road consisting of three (3) main parameters such as volume, speed and density by using mathematical models included Greenshield, Greenberg and Underwood Model. In addition, this study also aimed to determine the results of a comparison of one of the chosen model with the road capacity calculation based on MKJI 1997.Based on the data analysis  by using Greenshield model, it was known that the characteristics of the traffic on Jendral Sudirman road values obtained free flow speed (Sf)= 45.53 km/h, density jam (Dj)= 38.31 unit/km and maximum volume or road capacity(Vmax)= 1774.25 unit/hour. The estimation result of model was calculated using Greenshield model and estimation capacity calculations of MKJI 1997 had a difference about 15.49%. This could be evidence that generalize the use of manual book as MKJI 1997 in estimating the value of a certain road location capacity without researching driver behavior, vehicle characteristics and the environment of the road would be at risk in the capacity estimation results obtained. Therefore, the use of existing guidelines such as the 1997 MKJI needs carefulness in assessing the environmental condition of the road and traffic characteristics.Keywords : TrafficCharacteristic, Volume, Speed, Density, Greenshield, Greenberg, Underwood

scholarly journals Visualization and Understanding of Traffic Flow and Congestion in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Tsuboi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Traffic Condition ◽  
Traffic Flow Theory ◽  
Traffic Data Collection ◽  
Real Traffic

This study focuses on traffic condition analysis, especially in under developing country India and makes more visible of traffic flow by using traffic flow theory in order to understand real traffic condition. India is one of rapid economic growing countries and large market with second largest population 1.3 billion in 2018. On the other hand, there are social issues such as environment air pollution and global warming by traffic CO2 emission of transportation. This kind of condition is not only in India, but in other South East Asia and Africa in future. From recent more than one-month traffic observation in a typical major city Ahmedabad in Gujarat state, which has about 8 million population and industrialized city. In terms of traffic data collection, 14 CCTV cameras are used in the city. Based on multiple traffic cameras monitoring, author found the unique traffic flow characteristics and compares traffic flow theory. In this study, it is described what is key parameters to show real traffic congestion condition and how these congestion occurs.

Linking Incidents to Customers (LINC): An Algorithm for Linking Incidents to Rail Customer Delays Inspired by Traffic Flow Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110548
Author(s):  
Michael Eichler
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Incident Response ◽  
Traffic Flow Theory ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Rail Systems ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Customer Delay ◽  
Impact Zones

Rail transit agencies have greatly advanced the ability to measure delays to rail system customers and have developed key performance indicators for rail systems based on customer travel time. The ability for operators to link these customer delay metrics to root causes would provide great benefit to agencies, from incident response improvement to capital program prioritization. This paper describes a method for linking late train arrivals to both late customers and incident tickets. Inspired by traffic flow theory, the method identifies impact zones in time and space that can then be linked to a potential root cause by way of incident tickets. This algorithm is currently under development by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority’s Office of Planning, and its outputs are being integrated into a variety of operations- and capital-related business processes.

From Particle Hopping Models to Traffic Flow Theory

1998 ◽  
Vol 1644 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Nagel
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Traffic Flow Theory ◽  
Hopping Models ◽  
Simple Models

Very simple models of particles hopping on a grid appear too simple to have much similarity to traffic. Yet, some of these models can be proved to generate, in the so-called fluid-dynamical limit, variations of the Lighthill-Whitham theory. For more realistic particle hopping models, the fluid-dynamical limit is not known, but insight can be obtained by observing traffic jam dynamics.

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