scholarly journals Effect of Kernel Size and Its Potential Interaction with Genotype on Key Quality Traits of Durum Wheat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2992
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Dale Taylor ◽  
Yuming Chen ◽  
Jerry Suchy ◽  
Bin Xiao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Milling Performance ◽  
Related Quality

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of kernel size and its potential interaction with genotype on durum wheat quality with emphases on kernel physical characteristics, milling performance, and color-related quality parameters. Wheat samples of seven genotypes, selected from the 2018 Canadian durum variety registration trial, were segregated into large (LK), medium (MK), and small-sized kernels (SK). In general, the kernel size greatly affected the durum wheat milling performance. Within a given size fraction, a strong impact of genotype was shown on the test weight of SK and the milling yields of MK and LK. Particularly, the MK fraction, segregated from the genotypes with superior milling quality, had a higher semolina yield than LK from the genotypes of inferior milling quality, inferring the importance of intrinsic physicochemical properties of durum kernels in affecting milling quality. SK exhibited inferior milling quality regardless of the genotypes selected. A strong impact of genotype was shown for the total yellow pigment (TYP) content and yellowness of semolina, while the kernel size had a significant impact on the brightness and redness of the semolina and pasta. Despite SK possessing much higher TYP, the semolina and pasta prepared from SK were lower in brightness and yellowness but with elevated redness.

scholarly journals Effects of cultivar, seed rate, N rate and plant growth regulator on key processing quality parameters of winter and spring-sown oats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
C. P. McCabe ◽  
J. I. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Kernel Content

Abstract The effects of three seeding rates (250, 350 and 450 seeds/m2), six applied N rates (40, 70, 100, 130, 160 and 190 kg N/ha) and the application of plant growth regulator on the grain quality of two spring oat cultivars (Husky and Keely) were evaluated at four spring-sown sites over a 3-year period (2016–2018). The same cultivars, seeding rates and five applied N rates (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 kg N/ha) were evaluated at three winter-sown sites, in 2017–2019. Keely had a significantly higher kernel content (KC) in spring (0.7%) and winter-sown (0.6%) oats. Specific weight (SW) decreased as N rate increased in spring-sown crops (1 kg/hl) with no effect observed in winter-sown oats. Hullability (HB) increased (0.92%) in spring-sown crops as N rate increased with a reduction (0.9%) observed when winter-sown. Increases in grain protein percentage (GPP) were observed in spring (1.8%) and winter (1.2%) sowings in response to N rate. The application of plant growth regulator reduced SW (0.4 kg/hl), GPP (0.3%), KC (0.6%) with no effect on HB. Kernel size was highly responsive too applied N rate, with reductions in grains >2.5 mm and increases in grains of smaller size observed as N rate increased. HB had a marked relationship to kernel size with GP inconsistently linked to SW. The results of this study suggest that cultivar, N rate and PGR application are of importance to milling quality and that changes in grain size in response to agronomic practices contribute to changes in specific weight and hullability.

scholarly journals Inter-Relationships between Test Weight, Thousand Kernel Weight, Kernel Size Distribution and Their Effects on Durum Wheat Milling, Semolina Composition and Pasta Processing Quality

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Bin Xiao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Rapid Prediction ◽  
The Difference

Although most of the durum wheat produced in the Canadian prairies in 2017 and 2018 met the test weight (TW) requirements for the top grades of Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD), some samples of top grades were inferior in milling quality. To understand the abnormality, this study was conducted to investigate TW, thousand kernel weight (TKW) and kernel size distribution (KSD) in relation to durum milling potential, semolina composition and pasta quality. With reduction of kernel size, semolina and total milling yields decreased progressively, and kernels passing through no.6 slotted sieve had detrimental impact on milling. The overall relationship between TW and milling yields appeared to be genotype dependent. At similar TW, variety showed lower milling yields had greater proportion of smaller kernels. By account for the difference in KSD, greater relationships (R2 > 0.91, p < 0.001) were found for TKW and proportion of kernels passing No.6 slotted sieve with milling yields than TW (R2 = 0.75, p < 0.001). This infers potential use of small kernels (passing No.6 slotted sieve) as a new objective grading factor for rapid prediction of milling quality of CWAD. Although small kernels exhibited much higher yellow pigment than the larger ones, pasta made from small kernels was duller, redder and less yellow, likely due to the higher semolina ash and protein contents, which adversely affected pasta color.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF WHEAT QUALITY ON DIFFERENT SAMPLES

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan Gyori ◽  
P. Sipos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Adequate Nutrient ◽  
Plot Experiment

The technology quality parameters of winter wheat were analysed on the results of a variety and cropping site experiment and a variety and mineral fertilizer field plot experiment. Results proves that the examined quality parameters suit the requirements of the intervention standard of European Union and international requirements for bread flour at average, but to reach safely the so called milling quality by the Hungarian Standard required higher input, especially mineral fertilizer supply. Results also show that the performance of newly bred and registered varieties is better in numerous parameters in common conditions. Results clearly show that the response of varieties to increasing mineral fertilizer doses is advantageous, and an adequate nutrient supply is guided by the requirements of selected varieties makes the results of quality more secure and the production more economical

Comparison of Peanut Dryer Control Strategies1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Butts
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Kernel Size ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Hourly Basis

Abstract Peanuts were mechanically cured from field moisture contents ranging from 11.5 to 32.8% wet basis to levels acceptable for marketing (&lt; 10.5%) using two dryer control strategies. The first control algorithm consisted of a constant thermostat setting of 39 C, while the second required manual thermostat control on an hourly basis such that the minimum plenum relative humidity was between 40 and 60% and the maximum plenum temperature was less than 39 C. The average drying rate using the variable thermostat set point (0.3%/hr) was half that obtained with the constant set point (0.6%/hr). Average curing time for the variable thermostat setting was 56% longer than for the peanuts cured using the constant thermostat. Fuel consumption was reduced by approximately 30% using the variable set point. Kernel size distributions and milling quality indicated by bald kernels were significantly better (P ≤ 0.1) for peanuts cured using the variable thermostat control. Increasing available dryer capacity by 40% would allow the buying point manager to handle the same amount of peanuts during the same harvest interval. Economic analysis showed that the annual capital cost for additional drying equipment could not be offset by energy savings alone. Based on increased shelled product value and energy savings, shellers could realize an increase in net revenue of approximately $14/1000 kg of farmers stock peanuts by using a variable thermostat set point.

Response to drought and heat stress on wheat quality, with special emphasis on bread-making quality, in durum wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Guzmán ◽  
Jorge Enrique Autrique ◽  
Suchismita Mondal ◽  
Ravi Prakash Singh ◽  
Velu Govindan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

scholarly journals Wholegrain Durum Wheat Bread Fortified With Citrus Fibers: Evaluation of Quality Parameters During Long Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio Spina ◽  
Selina Brighina ◽  
Serena Muccilli ◽  
Agata Mazzaglia ◽  
Simona Fabroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Long Storage

scholarly journals Non-Starch Polysaccharides in Durum Wheat: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Marcotuli ◽  
Pasqualina Colasuonno ◽  
Yves S. Y. Hsieh ◽  
Geoffrey B. Fincher ◽  
Agata Gadaleta
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Dietary Component ◽  
Glucan Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Durum wheat is one of most important cereal crops that serves as a staple dietary component for humans and domestic animals. It provides antioxidants, proteins, minerals and dietary fibre, which have beneficial properties for humans, especially as related to the health of gut microbiota. Dietary fibre is defined as carbohydrate polymers that are non-digestible in the small intestine. However, this dietary component can be digested by microorganisms in the large intestine and imparts physiological benefits at daily intake levels of 30–35 g. Dietary fibre in cereal grains largely comprises cell wall polymers and includes insoluble (cellulose, part of the hemicellulose component and lignin) and soluble (arabinoxylans and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans) fibre. More specifically, certain components provide immunomodulatory and cholesterol lowering activity, faecal bulking effects, enhanced absorption of certain minerals, prebiotic effects and, through these effects, reduce the risk of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and colorectal cancer. Thus, dietary fibre is attracting increasing interest from cereal processors, producers and consumers. Compared with other components of the durum wheat grain, fibre components have not been studied extensively. Here, we have summarised the current status of knowledge on the genetic control of arabinoxylan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis and accumulation in durum wheat grain. Indeed, the recent results obtained in durum wheat open the way for the improvement of these important cereal quality parameters.

scholarly journals Yield and Quality Performance of Traditional and Improved Bread and Durum Wheat Varieties under Two Conservation Tillage Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ruiz ◽  
Encarna Zambrana ◽  
Rosario Fite ◽  
Aida Sole ◽  
Jose Luis Tenorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Varieties

The increasing spread of conservation agriculture demands that the next generation of wheat varieties includes cultivars capable of maintaining satisfactory yields with lower inputs and under uncertain climate scenarios. On the basis of the genetic gains achieved during decades of selection oriented to yield improvements under conventional crop management, it is important that novel breeding targets are defined and addressed. Grain yield, yield-related traits, and phenological and morphological characteristics, as well as functional quality parameters have been analyzed for six varieties each of bread and durum wheat, under minimum tillage and no-tillage. During the three-year experiment, the climatic conditions at the field trial site were characterized by low rainfall, although different degrees of aridity—from moderate to severe—were experienced. Differences were found between these two soil management practices in regard to the varieties’ yield stability. A positive influence of no-tillage on traits related to grain and biomass yield was also evidenced, and some traits among the examined seemed involved in varietal adaptation to a particular non-conventional tillage system. The study also confirmed some breeding targets for improved performance of wheat genotypes in conservation agroecosystems. These traits were represented in the small set of traditional varieties analysed.

Durum wheat–faba bean temporary intercropping: Effects on nitrogen supply and wheat quality

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Tosti ◽  
Marcello Guiducci
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Wheat Quality
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