scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on Urban Population Flow in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Jiang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Shenglan Wang ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Chengpeng Lu
Keyword(s):  
Network Topology ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Effective Distance ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
The City

The COVID-19 epidemic has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Thus, this sudden health incident has brought great risk and pressure to the city with dense population flow. A deep understanding of the migration characteristics and laws of the urban population in China will play a very positive role in the prevention and control of the epidemic situation. Based on Baidu location-based service (LBS) big data, using complex networks method and geographic visualization tools, this paper explores the spatial structure evolution of population flow network (PFN) in 368 cities of China under different traffic control situations. Effective distance models and linear regression models were established to analyze how the population flow across cities affects the spread of the epidemic. Our findings show that: (1) the scope of population flow is closely related to the administrative level of the city and the traffic control policies in various cities which adjust with the epidemic situation; The PFN mainly presents the hierarchical structure dominated by the urban hierarchy and the regional isolation structure adjacent to the geographical location.(2) through the analysis network topology structure of PFN, it is found that only the first stage has a large clustering coefficient and a relatively short average path length, which conforms to the characteristics of small world network. The epidemic situation has a great impact on the network topology in other stages, and the network structure tends to be centralized. (3) The overall migration scale of the whole country decreased by 36.85% compared with the same period of last year’s lunar calendar, and a further reduction of 78.52% in the nationwide traffic control stage after the festival. (4) Finally, based on the comparison of the effective distance and the spatial distance from the Wuhan to other destination cities, it is demonstrated that there is a higher correlation between the effective distance and the epidemic spread both in Hubei province and the whole country.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

scholarly journals Functional Brain Network Topology Discriminates between Patients with Minimally Conscious State and Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cacciola ◽  
Antonino Naro ◽  
Demetrio Milardi ◽  
Alessia Bramanti ◽  
Leonardo Malatacca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome ◽  
Topological Network ◽  
Functional Brain Network ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Nodal Level

Consciousness arises from the functional interaction of multiple brain structures and their ability to integrate different complex patterns of internal communication. Although several studies demonstrated that the fronto-parietal and functional default mode networks play a key role in conscious processes, it is still not clear which topological network measures (that quantifies different features of whole-brain functional network organization) are altered in patients with disorders of consciousness. Herein, we investigate the functional connectivity of unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) and minimally conscious state (MCS) patients from a topological network perspective, by using resting-state EEG recording. Network-based statistical analysis reveals a subnetwork of decreased functional connectivity in UWS compared to in the MCS patients, mainly involving the interhemispheric fronto-parietal connectivity patterns. Network topological analysis reveals increased values of local-community-paradigm correlation, as well as higher clustering coefficient and local efficiency in UWS patients compared to in MCS patients. At the nodal level, the UWS patients showed altered functional topology in several limbic and temporo-parieto-occipital regions. Taken together, our results highlight (i) the involvement of the interhemispheric fronto-parietal functional connectivity in the pathophysiology of consciousness disorders and (ii) an aberrant connectome organization both at the network topology level and at the nodal level in UWS patients compared to in the MCS patients.

The forging of an Atlantic port city: socio-economic and physical transformations in Cork, 1660–1700

Urban History ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Port City ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
British America ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
The City

This article investigates the socio-economic and morphological aspects of how the city of Cork, having lost the salient elements of its medieval character in the early 1600s, transformed into a prosperous Atlantic port city during the period of renaissance it experienced between 1660–1700. Despite the political upheavals caused by the expulsions of the Catholics in the 1640s and 1650s, the city increased in size and population from the early 1660s onwards as it began to thrive on the provisions trade to the colonial plantations of British America. In the process, Cork assumed a higher rank in the general European urban hierarchy.

FEMINIZATION OF THE RUSSIAN CITY. FICTION OR TENDENCY?

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Dulina ◽  
◽  
Evgeniya V. Anufrieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The City

In order to study the feminization process of the Russian city, the article compares statistical data on a number of indicators for 2015 and 2019–2020. In the course of the analysis an asymmetry in the urban population is revealed: (there are more women than men). It is shown how the ratio of women to men in employment has changed during the study period. As well the article defines those areas in which women lead. The authors outline a range of works studying the feminization phenomenon in social processes, including the feminization of the city. The results of the work made it possible to conclude that the feminization of the Russian city is one of the processes in the space of a today Russian city that have a positive dynamics

scholarly journals Spectral Analysis of Traffic Functions in Urban Areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Nemtanu ◽  
Ilona Madalina Costea ◽  
Catalin Dumitrescu
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Time Scales

The paper is focused on the Fourier transform application in urban traffic analysis and the use of said transform in traffic decomposition. The traffic function is defined as traffic flow generated by different categories of traffic participants. A Fourier analysis was elaborated in terms of identifying the main traffic function components, called traffic sub-functions. This paper presents the results of the method being applied in a real case situation, that is, an intersection in the city of Bucharest where the effect of a bus line was analysed. The analysis was done using different time scales, while three different traffic functions were defined to demonstrate the theoretical effect of the proposed method of analysis. An extension of the method is proposed to be applied in urban areas, especially in the areas covered by predictive traffic control.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAPITAL SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL REGION SETTLEMENT SYSTEM AS A FACTOR FOR THE FORMATION OF THE REGION TOURIST MARKET

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
Yurii Solohub ◽  
Sergey Uliganets ◽  
Olha Bezpala
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
Settlement System ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Indirect Influence ◽  
Concentration Potential ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
The City

Main goal: To analyze the level of the urban settlement system development of the Capital Socio-Geographical region by means of a cluster analysis method and by selecting the optimal number of capacitive indicators. It is assumed that the most significant characteristics, may be the most important and have a determining function. Methodology: The use of special statistical and mathematical methods of research, in particular, the method of cluster analysis is the basis of the study. This method has gained wide popularity for the study of both the general socio-economic development of the administrative-territorial units of the state and the corresponding systems of settlement of different taxonomic ranks. Cluster analysis is a research tool for analyzing data to solve classification problems. Its purpose is to sort cases into groups or clusters in such a way that the degree of dependency is strong between members within one cluster and weak between members of different clusters. The process of clustering involves the selection of optimal indicators, which most fully and objectively reflect the situation of the manifestation of a phenomenon in the studied area.Results: It is established that the presence of agglomerated settlements around the agglomeration center, namely the city of Kyiv, significantly increase its concentration potential, which leads to an increase in the area of both direct and indirect influence of the city center. Thus, the zone of influence of the city of Kyiv is not limited to the boundaries of the administrative Kyiv region, but extends beyond it, involving the territories of Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy and, to a lesser extent, Vinnitsa and Poltava regions. Scientific novelty: The clusterization of administrative-territorial units of the Capital Socio-Geographical region is carried out. Clustering was based on the degree of manifestation in them of the main indicators of the development of regional urban settlement systems.It is revealed that the presence of agglomerated settlements around the agglomeration center, the city of Kiev, significantly increase its concentration potential, which leads to an increase in the area of both direct and indirect influence of the city center. Thus, the zone of influence of the city of Kyiv is no longer confined to the boundaries of the administrative Kyiv region, but extends beyond it, involving the territories of Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy and, to a lesser extent, Vinnytsia and Poltava regions. The degree of localization of the urban population of the district and the cluster analysis of its administrative-territorial units in accordance with the levels of development of their settlement systems were considered to present the situation regarding the concentration of urban population of the Capital Socio-Geographical region. Practical relevance: Publication materials can be used in the development of measures to optimize the settlement system of the Capital Socio-Geographical region and to adjust the administrative and territorial reform of the state.

Perspective istoriografice privind spațiul sacru al Sibiului în evul mediu

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Maria Crîngaci-Țiplic
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Sacred Sites ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Sacred Spaces ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

This paper presents an overview of the historiography that describes and investigates the components which compose the sacred spaces of Sibiu in the Middle Ages. It is well known that Sibiu had a preeminent position in the urban hierarchy of medieval Transylvania and of the south-eastern Europe. The city was attested for the first time in 1191 as an ecclesiastical center of the Transylvanian Saxons and was home to numerous places of worship and sacred sites (churches, monasteries, chapels, cemeteries, hospitals etc.). However, with the advent of the Reformation in the 16th century and the noticeable changes that occurred during the industrial age and the communist dictatorship (the 19th and 20th centuries), the medieval sacred building and their neighborhoods have been deeply transformed and medieval ecclesiastical topography became unrecognizable in modern day Sibiu. The recreation of the ecclesiastical topography and even more of the sacred spaces could be recreated through analyses and research of different type of sources from charters and town chronicles of the 16th-18th centuries to the most recent archaeological studies or papers on medieval art, architecture, or historical urban evolution. With this in mind, the study aims to provide references on the topic and establishes the main periods of the historiography and their relevant ideological and theoretical changes during over 400 hundred years of debates or research.

FROM THE PARISH SCHOOL TO THE CITY HIGHER SCHOOL (ST. SAHAK AND MESROP SCHOOL IN NAKHICHEVAN-ON-DON)

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Stepan K. Choriyan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Parochial Schools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Level ◽  
Armenian Population ◽  
The City

This article is devoted to the history of the higher primary school of Saints Sahak and Mesrop and its role in raising the intellectual level of the Nakhichevan population. The Crimean Armenian immigrants resettled on the Don land from the very beginning showed concern for the education of the younger generation. Since that time, the first educational institutions of the city-parochial schools have ceased to meet the educational needs of the urban population, as a result of which some parochial schools have evolved to a higher primary school, which can be clearly seen on the example of the School named after Saint Sahak and Mesrop. The article traces the difficulties and problems that the school's management had to face in the process of its development. The author examines the educational programs, as well as the teaching staff of the school. The successful functioning of the school was due to the invaluable assistance from both the entire Nakhichevan society and individual patrons in the education of the local Armenian population.

Globalization and the Concept of the Second City

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Hodos
Keyword(s):  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Urban Hierarchy ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Transportation Projects ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Historical Trajectory ◽  
Professional Expert ◽  
The City ◽  
City Identity

Globalization is fundamentally reorienting how cities are connected to one another through trade, migration, communication, and representation. Whereas most existing research has concentrated on unambiguously global cities, in this paper I discuss the positions of cities lower down in the urban hierarchy. I argue that “second cities” constitute a type characterized by distinct patterns of global integration. This second city pattern is constituted by the following: globally active firms in nonfinancial industries; a common migration pattern; a tradition of innovation in political ideologies and professional/expert cultures; a common historical trajectory due largely to transportation projects that integrate the city more deeply into global flows; and the growth over time of a second–city identity. The paper is primarily theoretical; the empirical background, from which some examples will be drawn, is Philadelphia (United States) and Manchester (United Kingdom), across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

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