scholarly journals Challenging the Stereotypes: Unexpected Features of Sexual Exploitation among Homeless and Street-Involved Boys in Western Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5898
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Saewyc ◽  
Sneha Shankar ◽  
Lindsay A. Pearce ◽  
Annie Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Youth Health

Research about the sexual exploitation of homeless and street-involved boys is limited and often combined with that of girls. As aggregation can distort unique issues among genders which are exploited, this study provides information about the context of exploitation for homeless boys. Boys participated in the anonymous, multi-city British Columbia (BC), Canada Homeless and Street-Involved Youth Health paper surveys of 2006 and 2014. Measures included questions about trading sex for money, shelter, or other consideration; age first exploited; for whom; where they were living when first traded sex; gender of exploiters; and demographics. Analyses, separately for younger/older boys, explored the prevalence, timing of exploitation vs. homelessness, and ANOVAs to evaluate the patterns of the age of first exploitation by the genders of exploiters. Just over one in four boys reported exploitation (n = 132), with a median age of 14–15 in most groups. Most were runaway or homeless before their first exploitation, but 25.5% (2006) and 41% (2014) were living with family. Most boys were exploited by women (78%–85%), with 62%–65% were exclusively exploited by women.

Impact of cultivars and herbicides on weed management in alfalfa

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
S. N. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Weeds, especially dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in F.H. Wigg.), tend to infest a forage alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) stand 2 to 4 yr after establishment. To develop better weed management systems, experiments were conducted at Lethbridge, Alberta, from 1995 to 2002 and Creston, British Columbia, from 1998 to 2001, which included the alfalfa cultivars Beaver (standard type) and AC Blue J (Flemish type) and annual applications of metribuzin and hexazinone. These herbicides are registered for weed control in irrigated alfalfa in Alberta and alfalfa grown for seed. In addition, two sulfonylurea herbicides, metsulfuron and sulfosulfuron, and glyphosate were included. All of the herbicides except glyphosate controlled or suppressed dandelion and mustard family weeds. Metsulfuron at 5 g a.i. ha-1 almost completely controlled dandelion at both locations. However, after metsulfuron application at Lethbridge, dandelion was replaced with an infestation of downy brome, which is unpalatable for cattle. None of the herbicides increased total forage (alfalfa + weed) yield, and in some instances herbicides reduced forage quality by causing a shift from a palatable to an unpalatable weed species. However, it was observed that AC Blue J consistently yielded more than Beaver, and weed biomass was consistently less in the higher-yielding cultivar. AC Blue J was developed primarily for the irrigated area in southern Alberta and for southern British Columbia. Therefore, additional experiments should be conducted to determine which alfalfa cultivars have the greatest ability to compete with weeds in other regions of western Canada. Key words: Alfalfa yield, dandelion, forage quality, weed control

The Caragana Aphid, Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.) in Western Canada, and its Separation from the Pea Aphid

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson ◽  
G. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Disease Survey ◽  
Caragana Arborescens

Except for occasional references in the Annual Reports of the Forest Insect and Disease Survey of infestations of an aphid on caragana (Caragana arborescens Lam.) in Western Canada and a note on chemical control (Bradley, 1952), there is no published record known to the authors of the occurrence of the caragana aphid, Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.), in North America. MacNay (1953) summarized reports that severe infesrations of aphids, “probably mainly the caragana aphid”, occurred on caragana in 1952 in the East Kootenays of British Columbia, and at several places in Alberta and Saskatchewan. At some localities 100 per cent defoliation was reported.

scholarly journals Mineral Taxation

1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Murray F. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Resource Industry ◽  
The Future

In these times of rapidly escalating prices for resources, the provinces of Western Canada have turned their attention to extracting from the resource industry higher return for the citizens in an attempt to provide for the future when the resources are near depletion. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in Alberta. In this article Mr. Mackintosh discusses mineral taxation laws in Alberta and compares them with the corresponding laws of Saskatchewan and British Columbia. The author discusses the constitutionality and interpretation of the new mineral taxation laws and raises some specific problems in applying the legislation.

scholarly journals An unusually large Aulocopella winnipegensis and associated demosponges from the Upper Ordovician Beaverfoot Formation, southeastern British Columbia

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Keith Rigby ◽  
Paul A Johnston
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Large Specimen ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Life Mode

An unusually large specimen of the rare digitate to bladed Aulocopella winnipegensis Rauff and three relatively normal sized specimens of ashtray-shaped Hudsonospongia? sp. constitute the first record of demosponges from the Upper Ordovician Beaverfoot Formation in southeastern British Columbia and the first record of these taxa from western Canada. Gross form and canal structure are well preserved, but dolomitization and (or) coarse microsphaeroidal silicification have obliterated spicules and other structural details. We interpret these sponges as epifaunal recliners, without means of attachment to the substrate, a life mode rarely encountered in the modern sponge biota.

Chromosome numbers in some mosses from western Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2384-2387
Author(s):  
Helen P. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
First Record ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Bryum Pseudotriquetrum ◽  
Dicranum Scoparium

Chromosome numbers are reported for six moss species from western Canada, four from British Columbia, two from Alberta. These give data on chromosome numbers from new localities in Canada for populations of five species and the first record for Kiaeria starkei from Canada. Chromosome numbers reported are n = 13, Grimmia afftnis; n = 14, Kiaeria starkei; n = 14 (13 + m), Dicranum scoparium; n = 20, Bryum pseudotriquetrum; n = 11, Ptilium crista-castrensis; and n = 6, Hypnum circinale.

Helmolepis cyphognathus, sp. nov., a new platysiagid actinopterygian from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation (British Columbia, Canada)

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew G Neuman ◽  
Raoul J Mutter
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Species ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

A new species of stem actinopterygian, Helmolepis cyphognatus sp. nov., is reported from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of western Canada (probably Smithian). This taxon differs from the only other known Early Triassic platysiagid, H. gracilis from the Lower Triassic Wordie Creek Formation of East Greenland (Griesbachian), in counts of branchiostegal rays, shape of the maxilla, shape (and possibly counts) of extrascapulars, and the size ratio of major opercular bones. In spite of their overall unfavorable preservation, the numerous available specimens amend our knowledge of the little known genus Helmolepis considerably: it has become evident that the morphology of Helmolepis cyphognatus sp. nov. comes closest to Platysiagum minus (Middle Triassic Besano Formation of central Europe). This study suggests placement of the two genera in the family Platysiagidae. Investigation of this new species also shows certain features of the cheek and the caudal fin are more primitive than previously believed, whereas the snout region is probably derived but of yet uncertain affinities in Helmolepis.

Isoetes × marensis, a new interspecific hybrid from western Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Britton ◽  
Daniel F. Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North American ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new interspecific hybrid in Isoetes, I. maritima Underw. × I. howellii Engelm., is delineated and described from the Shuswap Highlands region of British Columbia by means of cytology and scanning electron microscopy of spores. Isoetes × marensis D.M. Britton and D.F. Brunton, hyb.nov. is the name proposed for this taxon. It is triploid (3x; 2n = 33) and is believed to produce only sterile and (or) aborted spores. Hybrid plants have polymorphic spores that demonstrate size and surface ornamentation features intermediate between those of the putative parents. Three populations were examined, each growing with both of the putative parents in silt and sand among granite cobble over clay along an emergent lakeshore. Isoetes × marensis is the first described North American hybrid involving an amphibious Isoetes. It is expected to be a rare taxon owing to the restricted sympatric area of the putative parents and their tendency to occupy different habitats. Key words: Isoetes, Isoetes howellii, Isoetes maritima, hybrid, British Columbia.

New Nanaimo Group ammonites (Cretaceous, Santonian–Campanian) from British Columbia and Washington State

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Haggart ◽  
Peter D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North Pacific Region ◽  
The North Pacific

The ammonite species Puzosia (Mesopuzosia) densicostata Matsumoto, Kitchinites (Neopuzosia) japonicus Spath, Anapachydiscus cf. A. nelchinensis Jones, Menuites cf. M. menu (Forbes), Submortoniceras chicoense (Trask), and Baculites cf. B. boulei Collignon are described from Santonian–Campanian strata of western Canada and northwestern United States. Stratigraphic occurrences and ranges of the species are summarized and those taxa important for correlation with other areas in the north Pacific region are noted.

Separation calls will grow in western Canada

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Climate Policies

Significance As attention turns again to non-COVID-19 issues, discussion of ‘Wexit’ -- the possible separation of Alberta and Saskatchewan from Canada -- will resurge. Separation calls grew after the October 2019 federal election reinforced a sense that the federal government is deaf to both provinces’ concerns and interests. Impacts Saskatchewan and Alberta will create new provincial institutions to lessen their federal reliance. Eastern and central voters will keep voting for pro-climate policies, alienating western provinces. Given their different economies and politics, Wexit parties will struggle to make progress in British Columbia and Manitoba. If Alberta and Saskatchewan’s economies worsen, the Wexit narrative of disenfranchisement could strengthen.

Coccidia of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in Western Canada

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 1461-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie S. Uhazy ◽  
Jerome L. Mahrt ◽  
John C. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
National Park ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fecal Samples

A survey of coccidia in the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis. c. canadensis) in Alberta and Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, was conducted from the winter of 1967 to the spring of 1969. Ninety percent of 510 fecal samples examined were positive for coccidia. The species recovered, in order of prevalence, were Eimeria ovina (syn., E. arloingi) (56%), E. parva (35%), E. crandallis (34%), E. ahsata (33%), E. ninakohlyakimovae (19%), E. faurei (6%), E. intricata (5%) and E. granulosa (1%). Coccidiosis was not encountered in the field; however, evidence which suggests the magnitude of pathogenic infections is presented.

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